Abstract
As discussed in Chapter 2, most parasites have forms specially adapted for transmission from one host to another. What controls differentiation of these forms is poorly understood. One approach to study of this important subject is to cultivate the organism in vitro and attempt to duplicate the developmental cycle. This has generally proved difficult to do.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Basch, P. F., and O’Toole, M. L., 1982, Cultivation in vitro of Schistosomatium douthitti (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae), Int. J. Parasitol. 12:541–545.
Berntzen, A. K., and Müller, J. F., 1964, In vitro cultivation of Spirometra mansonoides (Cestoda) from the procercoid to the early adult, J. Parasitol. 50:705–711.
Berntzen, A. K., and Müller, J. F., 1972, In vitro cultivation of Spirometra spp. (Cestoda) from the plerocercoid to the gravid adult, J. Parasitol. 58:750–752.
Brun, R., and Moloo, S. K., 1982, In vitro cultivation of animal-infective forms of a West African Trypanosoma vivax stock, Acta Trop. 39:135–141.
Brukot, T. R., Williams, J. L., and Schneider, I., 1984, Infectivity to mosquitoes of Plasmodium falciparum clones grown in vitro from the same isolate, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 78:339–341.
Clegg, J. A. 1965, In vitro cultivation of Schistosoma mansoni, Exp. Parasitol. 16:133–147.
Current, W. L., and Haynes, T. B., 1984, Complete development of Cryptosporidium in cell culture, Science 224:603–605.
Das, S. R., Rastogi, A. K., Sagar, P., and Singh, M. P., 1980, Axenic encystation of Entamoeba invadens, Indian J. Exp. Biol. 18:133–136.
Davis, A. G., Huff, C. G., and Palmer, T. T., 1966, Procedures for maximum production of exoerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium fallax in tissue culture, Exp. Parasitol. 19:1–8.
Diamond, L. S., Harlow, D. R., and Cunnick, C. C., 1978, A new medium for the axenic cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica and other Entamoeba, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 72:431–432.
Di Conza, J. J., and Basch, P. F., 1974, Axenic cultivation of Schistosoma mansoni daughter sporocysts, J. Parasitol. 60:757–763.
Douvres, F. W., and Urban, J. F., Jr., 1983, Factors contributing to the in vitro development of Ascaris suum from second-stage larvae to mature adults, J. Parasitol. 69:549–558.
Duszenko, M., Ferguson, M. A. J., Lamont, G. S., Rifkin, M. R., and Cross, G. A. M., 1985, Cysteine eliminates the feeder cell requirement for cultivation of Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms in vitro, J. Exp. Med. 162:1256–1263.
Fawcett, D. W., Büscher, G., and Doxsey, S., 1982, Salivary gland of the tick vector of East Coast fever. III. The ultrastructure of sporogony in Theileria parva, Tissue Cell 14:183–206.
Gardiner, P. R., Lamont, L. C., Jones, T. W., and Cunningham, I., 1980, The separation and structure of infective trypanosomes from cultures of Trypanosoma brucei grown in association with tsetse fly salivary glands, J. Protozool. 27:182–185.
Glaser, R. W., and Stoll, N. R., 1938, Sterile culture of the free-living stages of the sheep stomach worm, Haemonchus contortus, Parasitology 30:324–332.
Hart, D. T., Vickerman, K., and Coombs, G. H., 1981, Transformation in vitro of Leishmania mexicana amastigotes to promastigotes: Nutritional requirements and the effect of drugs, Parasitology 83:529–541.
Hollingdale, M. R., Leland, P., and Schwartz, A. L., 1983, In vitro cultivation of the exoerythrocytic stage of Plasmodium berghei in a hepatoma cell line, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 32:682–684.
Huff, C. G., 1964, Cultivation of the exoerythrocytic stages of malarial parasites, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 13:171–177.
Lambowitz, M. B., Kumar, A. M., Grant, V. B., Kobagashi, G. S., and Medoff, G., 1981, Role of cysteine in regulating morphogenesis and mitochondrial activity in the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:4596–4600.
Mak, J. W., Lim, P. K. C., Sim, B. K. L., and Liew, L. M., 1983, Brugia malayi and B. pahangi: Cultivation in vitro of infective larvae to the fourth and fifth stages, Exp. Parasitol. 55:243–248.
Mazier, D., Landau, I., Druilhe, P., Miltgen, F., Guguen-Guillouzo, C., Baccam, D., Baxter, J., Chigot, J.-P., and Gentilini, M., 1984a, Cultivation of the liver forms of Plasmodium vivax in human hepatocytes, Nature 307:367–369.
Mazier, D., Beaudoin, R. L., Mellouk, S., Druilhe, P., Texier, B., Trosper, J., Miltgen, F., Landau, I., Paul, C., Brandicourt, O., Guguen-Guillouzo, C., and Langlois, P., 1984b, Complete development of hepatic stages of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro, Science 227:440–442.
Medoff, G., Sacco, M., Maresca, B., Schlessinger, D., Painter, A., Kobayashi, G. S., and Carratu, L., 1986, Irreversible block of the mycelial-to-yeast phase transition of Histoplasma capsulatum, Science 231:476–479.
Mueller, J. F., 1959, The laboratory propagation of Spirometra mansonoides (Mueller, 1935) as an experimental tool. III. In vitro cultivation of the plerocercoid larva in cell-free medium, J. Parasitol. 45:561–573.
Mueller, J. F., 1974, The biology of Spirometra, J. Parasitol. 60:3–14.
Pan, A. A., 1984, Leishmania mexicana: Serial cultivation of intracellular stages in a cell-free medium, Exp. Parasitol. 58:72–80.
Pan, S. C.-T., 1978, Trypanosoma cruzi: Intracellular stages grown in a cell-free medium at 37°, Exp. Parasitol. 45:215–224.
Pan, S. C., 1978, Trypanosoma cruzi: In vitro interactions between cultured amastigotes and human skin-muscle cells, Exp. Parasitol. 45:274–286.
Rothman, A. H., 1959, Studies on the excystment of tapeworms, Exp. Parasitol. 8:336–364.
Seidel, J. S., 1971, Hemin as a requirement in the development in vitro of Hymenolepis microstoma (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea), J. Parasitol. 57:566–570.
Seidel, J. S., 1975, The life cycle in vitro of Hymenolepis microstoma (Cestoda), J. Parasitol. 61:677–681.
Smith, J. E., Meis, J. F. G. M., Ponnudurai, T., Verhave, J. P., and Moshage, H. J., 1984, In vitro culture of exoerythrocytic form of Plasmodium falciparum in adult human hepatocytes, Lancet 2:757–758.
Smith, M., Clegg, J. A., and Webbe, G., 1976, Culture of Schistosoma haematobium in vivo and in vitro, Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 70:101–107.
Smyth, J. D., and Davies, Z., 1974, In vitro culture of the strobilar stage of Echinococcus granulosus (sheep strain): A review of basic problems and results, Int. J. Parasitol. 4:631–644.
Tanner, M., 1980, Studies on the mechanisms supporting the continuous growth of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei as bloodstream-like form in vitro, Acta Trop. 37:203–220.
Trager, W., 1960, Intracellular parasitism and symbiosis, in: The Cell, Volume 4 (J. Brachet and A. E. Mirsky, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 151–213.
Trager, W., 1978, Cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum, in: Tropical Medicine: From Romance to Reality (C. Wood, ed.), Academic Press/Grune & Stratton, New York, pp. 49–61.
Trager, W., 1983, In vitro growth of parasites, in: Molecular Biology of Parasites (J. Guardiola, L. Luzzatto, and W. Trager, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 39–51.
Villalta, F., and Kierszenbaum, F., 1982, Growth of isolated amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi in cell-free medium, J. Protozool. 29:570–576.
Voge, M., and Green, J., 1975, Axenic growth of oncospheres of Hymenolepis citelli (Cestoda) to fully developed cysticercoids, J. Parasitol. 61:291–297.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Trager, W. (1986). Cultivation of Parasites in Vitro with Special Reference to Differentiation in the Life Cycle. In: Living Together. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9465-9_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9465-9_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-9467-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-9465-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive