Abstract
Craniate animals, it is estimated, are represented today by some 50,000 species, about half of which constitute the piscine world. Their fossil record extends back to the Upper Cambrian. Although craniate animals have many forms and shapes, they are readily subdivided into ten large groups: osteolepipods, urodelomorphs, struniiforms, actinopterygians, brachiopterygians, coelacanthiforms, dipnoans, elasmobranchiomorphs, pteraspidomorphs, and cephalaspidomorphs (Fig. 1).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature cited
ALLIS, E.P. 1922. The cranial anatomy of Polypterus, with special reference to Polypterus bichir J. Anat. 56: 189–294.
BJERRING, H.C. 1967. Does a homology exist between the basicranial muscle and the polar cartilage? Colloques int. Cent. natn. Rech. scient. 163: 223–267.
BJERRING, H.C. 1968. The second somite with special reference to the evolution of its myotomic derivatives. Nobel Symp. 4: 341–357.
BJERRING, H.C. 1971. The nerve supply to the second metaniere basicranial muscle in osteolepiform vertebrates, with some remarks on the basic composition of the endocranium. Acta Zool. (Stockh.) 52: 189–225.
BJERRING, H.C. 1972. The nervus rarus in coelacanthiform phylogeny. Zool. Scripta 1: 57–68.
BJERRING, H.C. 1973. Relationships of coelacanthiforms. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. (suppl. 1) 53: 179–205.
BJERRING, H.C. 1977. A contribution to structural analysis of the head of craniate animals. Zool. Scripta 6: 127–183.
BJERRING, H.C. 1984a. Major anatomical steps toward craniotedness: a heterodox view based largely on embryological data. J. Vert. Paleontol. 4: 17–29.
BJERRING, H.C. 1984b. The term “fossa bridgei” and five endocranial fossae in teleostome fishes. Zool. Scripta 13: 231–238.
BJERRING, H.C. 1985. The question of a presupracleithrum in brachiopterygian fishes. Acta Zool. (Stockh.) (in press).
CHANG, M. 1982. “The brain case of Youngolepis, a Lower Devonian crossopterygian from Yunnan, southwestern China.” Department of Geology, University of Stockholm, and Section of Palaeozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm.
DENISON, R.H. 1968. The evolutionary significance of the earliest known lungfish, Uranolophus Nobel Symp. 4: 247–257.
DOHRN, A. 1906. Studien zur Urgeschichte des Wirbeltierekörpers, 23, die Mandibularhöhle der Selachier. Pubbl. Staz. zool. Napoli 17: 1–116.
GARDINER, B.G. 1984. The relationships of the palaeoniscid fishes, a review based on new specimens of Mimia and Moythomasia from the Upper Devonian of Western Australia. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Geol.) 37: 173–428.
GOODRICH, E.S. 1928. Polypterus a palaeoniscid? Palaeobiologica 1: 87–92.
GOODRICH, E.S. 1930. Studies on the structure and development of vertebrates. Macmillan, London.
GRAY, H. 1973. Anatomy of the human body. C.M. Goss [ed.], Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
GREENWOOD, P.H. 1974. Review of Cenozoic freshwater fish faunas in Africa. Ann. Geol. Surv. Egypt 4: 211–232.
GROSS, W. 1966. Kleine Schuppenkunde. N. Jb. Geol. Paläontol. Abh. 125: 29–48.
HETHERINGTON, T.E., and W.E. BEMIS. 1979. Morphological evidence of an electroreceptive function of the rostral organ of Latimeria chalumnae Amer. Zool. 19: 976.
HOLMGREN, N., and E. STENSIö. 1936. Kranium und Visceralskelett der Akranier, Cyclostomen und Fische. In Bolk, L. et al [eds.] Handbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbeltiere. Urban and Schwarzenberg, Berlin.
JARVIK, E. 1942. On the structure of the snout of crossopterygians and lower gnathostomes in general. Zool. Bidr. Upps. 21: 235–675.
JARVIK, E. 1944a. On the dermal bones, sensory canal and pit-lines of the skull in Eusthenopteron foordi Whiteaves, with some remarks on E. saeve-soederberghi Jarvik. K. svenska Vetensk-Akad. Handl. 21: 1–48.
JARVIK, E. 1944b. On the exoskeletal shoulder-girdle of teleostomian fishes, with special reference to Eusthenopteron foordi Whiteaves. K. svenska Vetensk-Akad. Handl. 21: 1–32.
JARVIK, E. 1948. On the morphology and taxonomy of the Middle Devonian osteolepid fishes of Scotland. K. svenska Vetensk-Akad. Handl. 25: 1–301.
JARVIK, E. 1954. On the visceral skeleton in Eusthenopteron with a discussion of the parasphenoid and palatoquadrate in fishes. K. svenska Vetensk-Akad. Handl. 5: 1–104.
JARVIK, E. 1964. Specializations in early vertebrates. Annls. Soc. r. zool. Belg. 94: 1–95.
JARVIK, E. 1965a. Die Raspelzunge der Cyclostomen und die pentadactyle Extremität der Tetrapoden als Beweise für monophyletische Herkunft. Zool. Anz. 175: 101–143.
JARVIK, E. 1965b. On the origin of girdles and paired fins. Isreal J. Zool. 14: 141–172.
JARVIK, E. 1972. Middle and Upper Devonian Porolepiformes from East Greenland with special reference to Glyptolepis groenlandica n. sp. Meddr Grønland 187: 1–295.
JARVIK, E. 1980. Basic structure and evolution of vertebrates. Academic Press, London.
JESSEN, H. 1972. Schultergürtel und Pectoralflosse bei Actinopterygiern. Fossils Strata 1: 1–101.
JOHNSON, C.E. 1913. The development of the prootic head somites and eye muscles in Chelydra serpentina Amer. J. Anat. 14: 119–185.
LAMB, A.B. 1902. The development of the eye muscles in Acanthias Amer. J. Anat. 1: 185–202.
MARINELLI, W., and A. STRENGER. 1959. Vergleichende Anatomie und Morphologie der Wirbeltiere, vol. 3. F. Deuticke, Wien.
MARINELLI, W., and A. STRENGER. 1973. Vergleichende Anatomie und Morphologie der Wirbeltiere, vol. 4. F. Deuticke, Wien.
MILLOT, J., and J. ANTHONY. 1956. L’Organe rostral de Latimeria (Crossoptérygien, Coelacanthidé). Annls. Sci. nat. (Zool.) 11: 381–389.
MILLOT, J., and J. ANTHONY. 1958. Anatomie de Latimeria chalumnae, vol. 1. Cent. natn. Rech. Scient., Paris.
MILLOT, J., and J. ANTHONY. 1965. Anatomie de Latimeria chalumnae, vol. 2. Cent. natn. Rech. scient., Paris.
MILLOT, J., J. ANTHONY, and D. ROBINEAU. 1978. Anatomie de Latimeria chalumnae, vol. 3. Cent. natn. Rech. scient., Paris.
NEAL, H.V. 1918. Neuromeres and metameres. J. Morphol. 31: 293–315.
NIELSEN, E. 1936. Some few preliminary remarks on Triassic fishes from East Greenland. Meddr Grønland 112: 1–55.
NIELSEN, E. 1942. Studies on Triassic fishes from East Greenland, l, Glaucolepis and Boreosomus Meddr Grønland 138: 1–403.
NIELSEN, E. 1949. Studies on Triassic fishes from East Greenland, 2, Australosomus and Birgeria Meddr Grønland 146: 1–309.
NORTHCUTT, R.G. 1980. Anatomical evidence of electroreception in the coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) Zbl. Vet. Med. C. Anat. Histol. Embryol. 9: 289–295.
ØRVIG, T. 1973. Fossila fisktänder i svepelektronmikroskopet. Gamia frågeställningar i ny belysning, (Fossil fish teeth in the scanning electron microscope; old question in new light). Fauna Flora (Stockh.) 68: 166–173.
ØRVIG, T. 1978a. Microstructure and growth of the dermal skeleton in fossil actinopterygian fishes: Nephrotus and Colobodus, with remarks on the dentition in other forms. Zool. Scripta 7: 297–326.
ØRVIG, T. 1978b. Microstructure and growth of the dermal skeleton in fossil actinopterygian fishes: Birgeria and Scanilepis Zool. Scripta: 33–56.
ØRVIG, T. 1978c. Microstructure and growth of the dermal skeleton in fossil actinopterygian fishes: Boreosomus, Plegmolepis and Gyrolepis Zool. Scripta 7: 125–144.
PATTERSON, C. 1982. Morphology and interrelationships of primitive actinopterygian fishes. Amer. Zool. 22: 241–259.
PEHRSON, T. 1947. Some new interpretations of the skull in Polypterus Acta Zool. (Stockh.) 28: 399–455.
PLATT, J.B. 1891. Further contribution to the morphology of the vertebrate head. Anat. Anz. 6: 251–265.
POPLIN, C. 1974. Étude de quelques Paléoniscidés pennslyvaniens du Kansas. Cah. Paléont. Cent. natn. Rech. scient., Paris, pp. 1–151.
ROSEN, D.E., P.L. FOREY, B.G. GARDINER, and C. PATTERSON. 1981. Lungfishes, tetrapods, paleontology, and plesiomorphy. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 167: 159–276.
SCHMIDT-EHRENBERG, E.C. 1942. Die Embryogenese des Extremitätenskelettes der Säugetiere. Ein Beitrag zur Frage der Entwicklung der Tetrapodengliedmassen. Rev. Suisse Zool. 49: 33–131.
SCHULTZE, H.-P. 1966. Morphologische und histologische Untersuchungen an Schuppen mesozoischer Actinopterygier (Übergang von Ganoid- zu Rundschuppen). N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 126: 232–314.
SEWERTZOFF, A.N. 1934. Evolution der Bauchflossen der Fische. Zool. Jb. (Anat.) 58: 415–500.
STENSIö, E. 1932. Triassic fishes from East Greenland collected by the Danish expeditions in 1929–1931. Meddr Gronland 83: 1–305.
STENSIö, E. 1937. On the Devonian coelacanthids of Germany with special reference to the dermal skeleton. K. svenska Vetensk-Akad. Handl. 16: 4–56.
TRAQUAIR, R.H. 1870. On the cranial osteology of Polypterus J. Anat. Physiol. (Lond.) 5: 166–183.
WIEDERSHEIM, R. 1892. Das Gliedmassenskelet der Wirbeltiere. Gustav Fischer, Jena
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bjerring, H.C. (1985). Facts and Thoughts on Piscine Phylogeny. In: Foreman, R.E., Gorbman, A., Dodd, J.M., Olsson, R. (eds) Evolutionary Biology of Primitive Fishes. NATO ASI Series, vol 103. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9453-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9453-6_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-9455-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-9453-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive