Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have confirmed that a relationship exists between nutritional status and resistance to infection. More recently attention has been focused on the more difficult question of the role of individual nutrients in the proper development and maintenance of the immune system. These parameters are more difficult to assess in human populations because the severe nutritional diseases usually seen (kwashiorkor and marasmus) represent an advanced state where the contribution of a single nutrient cannot be assessed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aboko-Cole, G. F. and Lee, C, M. (1974) Interaction of nutrition and infection: effect of folic acid deficiency on resistance to Trypanosoma Lewisi and Trypanosoma Rhodesiense, Int. J. Biochem., 5: 693.
Beck, W. S. (1975) Metabolic features of cobalamin deficiency in man, in: “Cobalamin-Biochemistry and Pathophysiology”, B. M. Baboir, ed., Wiley Inter. Sc., New York, pp. 403–445.
Buehring, K, U., Batra, K. K. and Stokstad, E, L. R. (1972) The effect of methionine on folic acid and histidine metabolism in perfused rat liver, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 279: 498.
Chanarin, I., Perry, J. and Lumb, M. (1974) The biochemical lesion in vitamin-B12 deficiency in man, Lancet, 1: 1251.
Cheng, F. W., Shore, B. and Stokstad, E. L. R. (1975) The anti-folate effect of methionine on bone marrow of normal and vitamin-B-12 deficient rats, B, J. Haematol., 31: 323.
Conrad, A. H. and Ruddle, F. H. (1972) Regulation of thymidylate synthetase activity in cultured mammalian cells, J. Cell, Sci., 10: 471.
Das, K. C. and Hoffbrand, A. V. (1970) Lymphocyte transformation in megaloblastic anaemia:Morphology and DNA synthesis, B, J. Haematol., 19: 459.
Das, K. C. and Herbert, V. (1978) The lymphocyte as Marker of post nutritional status: Persistence of abnormal lymphocyte deoxyuridine (dU) suppression test and chromosomes in patients with past deficiency of folate and vitamin B, B. J. Haematol., 38: 219.
Das, K. C., Herbert, V., Colman, N, and Longo, D. L. (1978) Unmasking covert folate deficiency in iron-deficient subjects with neutrophil hypersegmentation: dU suppression tests on lymphocytes and bone marrow, B, J. Haematol., 39: 357.
DuVigneaud, V. and Rachele, J. R. (1965) in: “Transmethylation and Methionine Biosynthesis”, S. K, Shapiro and F. Schlenk, eds., Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 1.
Edelman, R. (1977) Cell-mediated response in protein-calorie malnutrition- a review, in: “Malnutrition and the Immune Response”, R. M. Suskind, ed., Raven Press, New York, pp. 47–76.
Ellegard, J. and Esmann, V. (1972) Folate deficiency in malnutrition, malabsorption and during phenytoin treatment diagnosed by serine synthesis in lymphocytes, Europ. J. Clin. Invest., 2: 315.
Ellegard, J. and Esmann, V. (1973) Folate activity of human lymphocytes determined by measurement of serine synthesis, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 31: 9.
Ellegard, J., Esmann, V. and Henriksen, L. (1972) Deficient folate function during treatment of psoriasis with methotrexate diagnosed by determination of serine synthesis in lymphocytes, Brit. J. Dermat., 87: 248.
Ellims, P. H., Hagman, R. J., VanderWeyden, M. B. (1979) Expression of fetal thymidine kinase in human cobalamin or folate deficient lymphocytes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 89: 103.
Ferguson, M. M. (1975) Oral mucous membrane markers of internal disease:Part II, disorders of the endocrine system, the haemopoietic system and disorders of nutrition, in: “Oral Mucosa in Health and Disease”, A. E, Dolby, ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 233.
Finlayson, D. D. C., Fauconnet, M. H. and Krohn, K. (1972) In vitro demonstration of delayed hypersensitivity to gastric antigens in pernicious anemia, Dig. Dis., 17: 631.
Friedmann, B., Nakada, H. I. and Weinhouse, S. (1954) A study of the oxidation of formic acid in the folic acid-deficient rat, J. Biol. Chem., 210: 413.
Friedkin, M. (1957) Enzymatic conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid and the participation of tetrahydrofolic acid, Fed. Proc., 16: 183.
Fujioka, S. and Silver, R. (1971) Leukocyte ribonucleotide reductase: Studies in normal subjects and in subjects with leukemia or pernicious anemia, J.Lab. Clin. Med., 77: 59
Gebhardt, B. M. and Newberne, P. M. (1974) Nutritional and immunological responsiveness: T-cell function in the offspring of lipotrope-and-protein-deficient rats, Immunol., 26: 489.
Gershoff, S. N., Gill, T. J. III, Simonian, S. J. and Steinberg, A. I. (1968) Some effects of amino acid deficiencies on antibody formation in the rat, J. Nutr., 95: 184.
Gill, T. J. and Gershoff, S. N. (1967) The effects of methionine and ethionine on antibody formation in primates, J. Immunol., 99: 883.
Goldstone, A. H., Calder, E. A., Barnes, E. W. and Irvine, W. J. (1973) The effect of gastric antigens on the in vivo migration of leukocytes from patients with atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 14: 501.
Gross, R. L. and Newberne, P. M. (1976) Malnutrition, the thymolymphatic system and immunocompetence, in the reticuloendothelial system in health and disease: Immunologic and pathologic aspects. H. Friedman, M. R. Escobar and S. M. Reichard, eds., Plenum Publishing Corp., New York.
Gross, R. L. and Newberne, P. M. (1980) Role of nutrition in immunologic function, Physiol. Rev., 60: 118.
Gross, R. L., Reid, J. V. O., Newberne, P. M., Burgess, B., Marston, R. and Hift, W. (1975) Depressed cell-mediated immunity in megaloblastic anemia due to folic acid deficiency, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 28: 225.
Haltalin, K. C., Nelson, J. D., Woodman, E. B, and Allen, A. A. (1970) Fatal shigella infection induced by folic acid deficiency in young guinea pigs, J. Infect. Dis., 121: 275.
Haurani, F. I. (1973) Vitamin B12 and the megaloblastic development, Sci., 182: 78.
Herbert, V. and Colman, N. (1978) Selective nutrient deficiency in one cell line and not another: Subnormal white cell and normal red blood cell folate levels correlate with state of DNA synthesis in these cells, Clin. Res., 26: 487A.
Herbert, V. and Das, K. C. (1976) The role of vitamin B12 and folic acid in hemato- and other cell -poiesis, in: “Vitamins and Hormones, Vol., 34”, P. L. Munson, et al., eds., Academic Press, New York, pp. 1–30.
Herbert, V. and Sullivan, L. W. (1963) Formiminoglutarnicaciduria humans with megaloblastic anemia: Diminution by methionine or glycine, Proc. Soc, Exp. Biol. Med., 112: 304.
Herbert, V. and Zalusky, R. (1961) Pteroylglutamic acid (PGA) clearance after intravenous injection: Studies using two microbiologic assay organisms, Clin. Res., 9: 161.
Herbert, V, and Zalusky, R. (1962) Interrelations of vitamin B-12 and folic acid metabolism: Folic acid clearance studies, J. Clin. Invest., 41: 1263.
Hill, C. H. (1979) Dietary influences on resistance to Salmonella infection in chicks, Fed. Proc., 38: 2129.
Hillcoat, B. L., Marshall, L. and Patterson, J. (1973) Dihydrofolate reductase induced by folic acid in cultured human cells, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 293: 281.
Hoffbrand, A. V. and Newcombe, B. F. A. (1967) Leukocyte folate in vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency and in leukemia, B. J. Haematol., 13: 954.
Hoffbrand, A. V., Tripp, E. and Lavoie, A. (1977) Folate polyglutamate synthesis and breakdown in human cells, in: “Folic Acid-Biochemistry and Physiology in Relation to the Human Nutrition Requirement”, NAS, Washington, D.C.
Jeejeebhoy, K. N., Pathane, S. M. and Noronha, J. M. (1965) Observations on conjugated and unconjugated blood folate levels in megaloblastic anemia and the effects of vitamin B12, Blood, 26: 354.
Jenkins, W. M. M., MacFarlane, T. W., Ferguson, M. M. and Mason, D. K. (1977) Nutritional deficiency in oral candidiasis, Int. J. Oral Surg., 6: 204.
Jose, D. G. and Good, R. A. (1973) Quantitative effects of nutritional essential amino acid deficiency upon immune response to tumors in mice, J. Exp. Med., 137: 1.
Kaplan, S. S. and Basford, R. E. (1976) Effect of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies on neutrophil function, Blood, 47: 801.
Kenney, M. A., Magee, J. L. and Piedad-Pascual, F. (1970) Dietary amino acids and immune response in rats, J. Nutr., 100: 1063.
Killman, S. A. (1964) Effect of Deoxyuridine on incorporation of tritiated thymidine: Difference between normoblasts and megaloblasts, Acta. Med. Scand., 175: 483.
Krebs, H. A., Hems, R. and Tyler, B. (1976) The regulation of folate and methionine metabolism, Biochem. J., 158: 341.
Kumar, M. and Axelrod, A. E, (1978) Cellular antibody synthesis in thiamin, riboflavin, biotin and folic acid-deficient rats, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 157: 421.
Kutzbach, C., Galloway, E. and Stokstad, E. L. R. (1967) Influence of vitamin B12 and methionine on levels of folic acid compounds and folate enzymes in rat liver, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 124: 801.
Kutzbach, C., Stokstad, E. L. R. (1967) Feedback inhibition of methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase in rat liver by S-adenosylmethionine, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 139: 217.
Kutzbach, C. A. and Stokstad, E. L. R. (1971) 10-Formyl Tetrahydrofolate:NADP oxidoreductose, Methods Enzymo1., 18B: 793.
Lavoie, A., Tripp, E. and Hoffbrand, A. V. (1974) The effect of vitamin B deficiency on methylfolate metabolism and pteroylpolyglutamate synthesis in human cells, Clin. Sci. Mol, Med., 47: 617.
Little, P. A., Oleson, J. J. and Roesch, P. K. (1950) The effect of pteroylglutamic acid on some immune responses of chicks, J. Immunol., 65: 491.
Ludovici, P. P. and Axelrod, A. E. (1951) Circulating antibodies in vitamin deficiency states, pteroylglutamic acid, niacintryptophan, vitamins B12, A and D deficiencies, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 77: 526.
MacCuish, A. C., Urbaniak, S. J., Goldstone, A. H. and Irvine W. J. (1974) PHA responsiveness and subpopulations of circulating lymphocytes in pernicious anemia, Blood, 44: 849
McGeer, P. L., Sen, N. P. and Grant, D. A. (1965) Excretion of 4(5) — amino -5(4)-Imidazole-carboxamide and formimino-L-glutamic acid in folic acid and vitamin B12 deficient rats, Can. J. Biochem., 43: 1367.
Menzies, R. C., Crossen, P. E., Fitzgerald, P. H, and Gunz, F. W. (1966) Cytogenic and cytochemical studies on marrow cells in B12 and folate deficiency, Blood, 28: 581.
Metz, J., Kelly, A., Swett, V. C., Waxman, S. and Herbert, V. (1968) Deranged DNA synthesis by bone marrow from vitamin B12-deficient humans, Br. J. Haematol., 14: 575.
Nakao, K. and Fujioka, S. (1968) Thymidine kinase activity in the human bone marrow from various blood diseases, Life Sci., 7: 395.
Nelson, J. D. and Haltalin, K. C. (1972) Effect of neonatal folic acid deprivation on later growth and susceptibility to Shigella infection in the guinea pig, Am, J. Clin, Nutr., 25: 992.
Newberne, P. M., Hunt, C. E. and Young, V. R. (1968) The role of diet and the reticuloendothelial system in the response of rats to Salmonella tyjjhimurium infection, B. J, Exp. Path., 49: 448.
Newberne, P. M. and Gebhardt, B. M. (1973) Pre- and postnatal malnutrition and responses to infection, NRI, 7: 407.
Newberne, P. M. and Wilson, R. B. (1972) Prenatal malnutrition and postnatal responses to infection, NRI, 5: 151.
Newberne, P. M., Wilson, R. B. and Williams, G. (1970) Effects of severe and marginal lipotrope deficiency on responses of postnatal rats to infection, B. J. Exp. Path., 51: 231.
Noronha, J. M. and Silverman, M. (1962) On folic acid, vitamin B12, methionine and formiminoglutamic acid metabolism, in: “Vitamin B12 and Intrinsic Factor”, H. C. Heinrich, ed., Enke, Stuttgart, pp. 728.
Pruzansky, J. and Axelrod, A. E. (1955) Antibody production to diptheria toxoid in vitamin deficiency status, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 89: 323.
Rabinowitz, J. C. and Tabor, H. (1958) The urinary excretion of formic acid and formininoglutamic acid in folic acid deficiency, J. Biol. Chem., 233: 252.
Reid, M. E., Martin, M. G. and Briggs, G. M. (1956) Nutritional studies with the young guinea pig, IV Folic acid, J. Nutr., 59: 103.
Robertson, J. S., Hsia, Y. E, and Scully, K. J. (1976) Defective leukocyte metabolism in human cobalamin deficiency: impaired propionate oxidation and serine biosynthesis reversible by cyanocobalamin therapy, J. Lab, Clin. Med., 87: 89.
Rodriquez, M. S. (1978) A conspectus of research on folacin requirements of man, J. Nutr., 108: 1983.
Rosenberg, R. N., Vandeventer, L, Francesco, L. D. and Friedkin, M. E. (1971) Regulation of the synthesis of choline-o-acetyltransferase and thymidylate synthetase in mouse neuroblastoma in cell culture, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 68: 1436.
Rosenblatt, D. S. and Erbe, R. W. (1973) Reciprocal changes 1 n the levels of functionally related folate enzymes during the culture cycle in known fibroblasts, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 54: 1627.
Rothenberg, S. P., deCosta, M. and Sly, F. (1973) Impaired antibody response in folate deficient mice persisting after folate repletion, Life Sci., 12: 177.
Rundles, W. R. and Brewer, S. S., Jr. (1958) Hematologic responses in pernicious anemia to orotic acid, Blook, 13: 99.
Sakamato, S. and Takaku, F. (1973) Thymidylate synthetase activity in bone marrow cells of folic acid deficient rats, Acta. Hematol. Jap., 36: 556.
Sauer, H. and Wilmans, W. (1977) Cobalamin dependent methionine synthesis and methyl-folate-trap in human vitamin B12 deficiency, B. J. Haematol., 36: 189.
Silverman, M. and Pitney, A. L. (1958) Dietary methionine and the excretion of formiminoglutamic acid by the rat, J. Biol. Chem., 233: 1179.
Smith, L. H. and Baker, F. A. (1960) Thymidine metabolism in man III. Studies on leukocytes and erythrocytes in pernicious anemia, J. Clin. Invest., 39: 15.
Stokstad, E. L. R. (1977) Regulation of Folate Metabolism by Vitamin B12 in “Folic Acid — Biochemistry and Physiology in Relation to the Human Nutrition Requirement”, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D, C., pp. 3–24.
Stokstad, E. L. R., Webb, R. E. and Shah, E, (1966) Effect of vitamin B12 and folic acid on the metabolism of formimino-glutamate, formate and propionate in the rat, J. Nutr., 88: 225.
Tai, C. and McGuigan, J. E. (1969) Immunologic studies in pernicious anemia, Blood, 34: 63.
Thenen, S. W. (1978) Blood and liver folacin activity, formiminoglutamic acid excretion, growth and hematology in guinea pigs fed a folacin deficient diet with and without sulfonamide, J. Nutr., 108: 836.
Thenen, S. W. and Stokstad, E. L. R. (1973) Effect of methionine on and supplemented rats, J. Nutr., 103: 363.
Tikerpae, J. and Chanarin, I. (1978) Folate-dependent serine synthesis in lymphocytes from controls and patients with megaloblastic anaemia: The effect of therapy, Br. J. Haematol., 38: 353.
Tisman, G. and Herbert, V (1973) B12 dependence of cell uptake of serum folate: An exploration for high serum folate and cell folate depletion in B-12 deficiency, Blood, 41: 465.
Toskes, P. P., Smith, G. W., Bensinger, T. A., Giannella, R. A. and Conrad, M. E. (1974) Folic acid abnormalities in iron deficiency: the mechanism of decreased serum folate levels in rats, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 27: 355.
Velez, H., Restrepo, A., Vitale, J. J. and Hellerstein, E. E. (1966) Folic acid deficiency secondary to iron deficiency in man, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 19: 27.
Vidal, A. J. and Stokstad, E. L. R. (1974) Urinary excretion of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and liver s-adenosyl-methionine levels of rats fed a vitamin B12-deficient diet, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 362: 245.
Vitale, J. J. and Hegsted, D. M. (1969) Effect of dietary methionine on vitamin B deficiency, B. J, Haematol., 17: 467.
Vitale, J. J., Restrepo, A., Velez, H., Rieker, J. B. and Hellerstein, E. E. (1966) Secondary folate deficiency induced in the rat by dietary iron deficiency, J. Nutr., 88: 315.
Waxman, S., Metz, J. and Herbert, V. (1961) Failure of forminoglutamic acid (FIGlu) excretion to distinguish vitamin B12 deficiency from nutritional folic acid deficiency, Am. Soc. Clin. Invest., 40: 1091.
Wertman, K., Crisley, F. D. and Sarandria, J. L. (1952) Complement-fixing murine typhus antibodies in vitamin deficiency states III. Riboflavin and folic acid deficiencies, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 80: 404.
Wertman, K. and Sarandria, J. L. (1952) Complement-fixing murine typhus antibodies in vitamin deficiency states IV. B12 deficiency, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 81: 395.
Wickramasinghe, S. N., Cooper, E. H. and Chalmers, D. G. (1968) A study of erythropoiesis by combined morphologic quantitative cytochemical and autoradiographic methods, Blood, 31: 304.
Williams, E. A. J., Gebhardt, B. M., Morton, B. and Newberne, P. M. (1979) Effects of early marginal methionine-choline deprivation on the development of the immune system in the rat, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 32: 1214.
Williams, E. A. J., Gross, R. L. and Newberne, P. M. (1975) Effects of folate deficiency on the cell-mediated immune response in rats, NRI, 12: 137.
Woodruff, C. W., Clark, S. L., Jr., and Bridgeforth, E. B. (1953) Folic acid deficiency in the guinea pig, J. Nutr., 51: 23.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nauss, K.M., Newberne, P.M. (1981). Effects of Dietary Folate, Vitamin B12 and Methionine/Choline Deficiency on Immune Function. In: Phillips, M., Baetz, A. (eds) Diet and Resistance to Disease. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9200-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9200-6_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-9202-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-9200-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive