Skip to main content

Precipitation Measurements over the Ocean

  • Chapter
Air-Sea Interaction

Abstract

Two general types of rainfall measurements are considered in this chapter: (1) essentially local measurements where observations are restricted to the vicinity of an instrument, which may be mounted on a ship, aircraft, buoy, island, or coast; and (2) widespread measurements made with satellite-borne instruments. The techniques which will be discussed have all been tested, but applications to oceanic regions have been mostly in research or experimental context. Measurements of rain over the oceans are not generally made operationally and knowledge of oceanic precipitation regimes is still meager.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • ALLISON, J.A., E.B. RODGERS, T.T. WILHEIT, and R.W. FETT. 1974. Tropical cyclone rainfall as measured by the Nimbus 5 electrically scanning microwave radiometer. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 55: 1074–1089.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BARRETT, E.C. 1970. The estimation of monthly rainfall from satellite data. Monthly Weather Review, 98: 322–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BATTAN, L.J. 1973. Radar Observations of the Atmosphere. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 324 pp (see pp. 90–92).

    Google Scholar 

  • ELLIOTT, W.P. and R.K. REED. 1973. Oceanic rainfall off the Pacific Northwest coast. Journal of Geophysical Research, 78: 941–948.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GRIFFITH, C.A., W.L. WOODLEY, P.G. GRUBE, D.W. MARTIN, J. STOUT and D.N. SIKDAR. 1978. Rain estimation from geosynchronous satellite imagery — visible and infrared studies. Monthly Weather Review, 106: 1153–1171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KUETTNER, J.P., D.E. PARKER, D.R. RODENHUIS, H. HOEBER, H. KRAUS and G. PHILANDER. 1974. GATE final international scientific plans. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 55: 711–744.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LARSON, L.W. 1971. Precipitation and its measurement, a state of the art. Water Resources Series No. 24, Department of Hydrology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, 74 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • MARTIN, D.W. and W.D. SCHERER. 1973. Review of satellite rainfall estimation methods. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 54: 661–674.

    Google Scholar 

  • MIE, G. 1908. Beiträge zur Optik trüber Medien, speziell kolloidaler Metallösungen. Annalen der Physik, 25: 377–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NCAR. 1977. Report of the U.S. GATE Central Program Workshop. NCAR, Boulder, CO. 723 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • OSTAPOFF, F., Y. TARBEYEV and S. WORTHEM. 1973. Heat flux and precipitation estimates from oceanographic observations. Science, 180: 960–962.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • RAO, M.S.V., W.V. ABBOTT, III, and J.S. THEON. 1976. Satellite-derived Global Oceanic Rainfall Atlas (1973 and 1974). NASA SP-410, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 186 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • REED, R.K. and W.P. ELLIOTT. 1973. Precipitation at ocean stations in the North Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research, 78: 7087–7091.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SEGUIN, W.R. and R.B. CRAYTON. 1977. U.S. GATE B-scale Ship Precipitation Data. NOAA Technical Report EDS 23, 402 pp. CEDDA, Environmental Data Service, NOAA, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • STOUT, G.E. and E.A. MUELLER. 1968. Survey of relationships between rainfall rate and radar reflectivity in the measurement of precipitation. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 7: 465–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • TUCKER, G.B. 1961. Precipitation over the North Atlantic Ocean. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 87: 147–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WILHEIT, T.T., A.T.C. CHANG, M.S.V. RAO, E.B. RODGERS and J.S. THEON. 1977. A satellite technique for quantitatively mapping rainfall rates over the oceans. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 16: 551–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WILSON, J.W. 1976. Radar-rain gauge precipitation measurements. Preprints of Conference on Hydro-Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, Boston: 72–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION. 1962. Precipitation measurements at sea. Technical Note No. 47, WMO — No. 124.TP.55, Secretariat of the WMO, Geneva, 18 pp.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1980 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Austin, P.M., Geotis, S.G. (1980). Precipitation Measurements over the Ocean. In: Dobson, F., Hasse, L., Davis, R. (eds) Air-Sea Interaction. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9182-5_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9182-5_29

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-9184-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-9182-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics