Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nucleation Mechanism in Oxide Formation During Anodic Oxidation of Aluminum

  • Chapter
Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology

Part of the book series: Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology ((ACORRST,volume 7))

Abstract

Numerous research workers have studied the phenomena of oxide formation occurring on the surface of aluminum in various media under the influence of external reaction factors. The physicochemical, mechanical, and structural properties of both the thin oxide membranes and the heavier oxide layers have also been studied. The main variants of the process of oxide formation can be classified according to the character of the influencing factors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. W. Herrmann, Wiss. Veroff. Siemens-Werkst. Sonderh. 199, 88 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  2. N. Cabrera and N. F. Mott, Rep. Prog. Phys. 12, 163 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. G. Wyon, J. M. Marchin, and P. Lacombe, Rev. Met. 53, 945 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Paganelli, Alluminio 27, 159 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. M. S. Hunter and P. Fowle, J. Electrochem. Soc. 103, 482 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Tajima, Y. Tanabe, M. Shimura, and T. Mori, Electrochem. Acta 6, 127 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. R. W. Mott, Electrochem. Ind. 11, 444 (1904).

    Google Scholar 

  8. W. J. Muller and K. Konopiczky, Z. Phys. Chem. 141, 343 (1929).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. S. Setoh and A. Miyata, Phys. Chem. Res. (Tokyo) 19, 237 (1932).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Th. Rummel, Z. Phys. 99, 581 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  11. F. Keller, S. Hunter, and D. L. Robinson, J. Electrochem. Soc. 100, 411 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. R. C. Spooner, J. Electrochem. Soc. 102, 156 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. C. J. L. Booker, J. L. Wood, and A. Walsh, Br. J. Appl. Phys. 8, 347 (1957); and Nature, 176, 222 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. G. Elssner, Aluminum (Dusseldorf) 35, 374 (1959); and Metall 15, 1194 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  15. S. Wernick and R. Pinner, Surface Treatment and Finishing of Aluminum and Its Alloys, R. Draper Ltd., Teddington, England (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  16. S. Wernick, R. Pinner, E. Zurbrugg, and R. Weiner, Die Oberflachen behandlung von Aluminum, Eugen G. Leuze Verlag, Saulgau/Wurtt, Germany (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. D. Shreider, A. V. Bjalobsheski, Z. T. Zagricenko, and B. V. Sérebrennikov, Metalloved., Obrab. Met. 11, 14 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  18. A. S. Nikosov, G. V. Kurganov, and N. J. Jarzemskaja, Metaloved. Obrab. Met. 12,66 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  19. N. B. Tomashov and A. V. Bjalobsheski, Tr. Inst. Fiz. Khim. Akad. Nauk SSSR 3, 17 (1953); and 4, 5 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  20. A Prati, F. Sacchi, and G. Paolini, Alluminio 30, 467 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  21. W. J. Campbell, Conference of The Institute of Metal Finishing, London, J. Electrodepositors Tech. Soc. 34, 45 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  22. H. Ginsberg, Metall 16, 173 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. E. F. Barkman, Proc. Symp. Anodizing Aluminum, Univ. Aston, Birmingham, England, p. 27 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  24. S. Tajima, Anodic Oxidation of Aluminum, in Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology (M. G. Fontana and R. W. Staehle, eds.), Vol. 1, pp. 229–362, Plenum Press, New York (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  25. S. Tajima, N. Baba, and T. Mori, Electrochim. Acta 9, 1509 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. S. Tajima, T. Mori, and M. Shimura, Alluminio 31, 191 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. H. Neunzig and V. Rohrig, Metall 18, 590 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. W. Sautter, Aluminum (Dusseldorf) 41, 760 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  29. W. Franklin, Nature 180, 1470 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. W. Kaden, Aluminum (Dusseldorf) 39, 33 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  31. J. F. Murphy and C. E. Michelson, Proc. Conference Anodizing Aluminum, Univ. Nottingham, England, p. 83 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  32. J. F. Murphy, Proc. Symp. Anodizing Aluminum, Univ. Aston, Birmingham, England, p. 3 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  33. H. Ginsberg and K. Wefers, Aluminum (Dusseldorf) 37, 19 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  34. H. Ginsberg and W. Kaden, Aluminum (Dusseldorf) 39, 33 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  35. H. Ginsberg and H. Z. Neunzig, Z. Metallkd. 52, 626 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. A. F. Bogojavlenski, I. T. Vedernikov, et al., Zh. Prikl. Chim. 31, 310 (1958); 33, 340 (1960); 35, 1892 (1962); 38, 952 (1965); 40, 565 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  37. A. F. Bogojavlenski and co-workers, Anodnaja Zashita Metalov Mashinostronije, M. 22, Moscow (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  38. A. F. Bogojavlenski, Tr. Kaz. Aviats. Inst. 90, 3 (1966); Kaz. Ord. Tr. Krasne Znameni Aviats. Inst., 59–95, (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  39. H. Akahori, J. Electromicrosc. Jpn. 10, 175 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  40. J. W. Diggle, T. C. Downie, and C. W. Goulding, Chem. Rev. 69, 365 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. J. Bénard, Werkst. Korros. 16, 1044 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  42. T. N. Rhodin, Reviews of International Conference, Bolton, Landing, N.Y., p. 508 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  43. T. N. Rhodin, W. H. Orr, and D. Walton, Mem. Sci. Rev. Met. 62, 157 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  44. R. Darras and R. Dominget, Mem. Sci. Rev. Met. 62, 148 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  45. H. Mykura, Mem. Sci. Rev. Met. 62, 167 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  46. P. E. Doherty, Mem. Sci. Rev. Met. 62, 196 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  47. H. Fischmeister, Mem. Sci. Rev. Met. 62, 27 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  48. J. Paidassi and co-workers, Mem. Sci. Rev. Met. 62, 271 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  49. U. F. Franck, Werkst. Korros. 11, 401 (1960); and 14, 367 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. D. A. Vermilyea, Acta Met. 2, 482 (1954); and 5, 492 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  51. H. Fischer and F. Kurz, Aluminum (Dusseldorf) 32, 126 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  52. J. Osterwald, Z. Elektrochem. 66, 492 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. K. Hauffe, Werkst. Korros. 16, 791 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. C. Wagner, Symp. Diffusion and High Temperature Oxidation in Atom Movements, Cleveland, Ohio (1951); and J. Appl. Phys. 29, 1262 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  55. C. Wagner, Z. Elektrochem. 65, 4 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  56. P. Csokán, M. Riedl, and R. Karacsonyi, Metalloberflaeche 30, (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  57. P. Csokán, Nucleation Mechanism of Oxide Formation of Aluminum during the Electrochemical Oxidation (Anodisation), lecture and projection of micro- kinematographical documentary film: Corrosions-Week, International Symposium, European Federation of Corrosion, Budapest (1968); Interfinish ’68, 7th International Conference, European Federation of Corrosion, Hannover, Germany (1968); Scientific- Technical Conference, Dom Techniky, Moscow (1971); Electrochemical Meeting of the Hungarian Scientific Academy, Mátrafüred, Hungary (1971); Annual Technical Conference, Institute of Metal Finishing, London (1972); 23rd Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry, Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences and The Swedish Corrosion Institute, Stockholm (1972); Annual Technical Conference, Institute of Metal Finishing, Edinburgh, Scotland (1973); Aluminum-Conference, Metal Finishing Society of Japan, Tokyo (1975); Meeting of Electrochemical Science, WASEDA University, Tokyo (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  58. P. Csokán, DECHEMA-Monogr. 39, 229 (1960); Metalloberflaeche 15, (1961); Werkst. Korros. 12, 288 (1961); Schleif Poliertech. (Berlin) 1,26 (1961); Electroplat. Met. Finish. 15, 75 (1962); Trans. Inst. Met. Finish. 41, 60 (1964); Metalloberflaeche 19, 252 (1965); Gep 17, 175 (1965); Tangungsber. Interfinish 68 Konf., Honnover p. 176 (1968); Magy. Kem. Lavia 24, 501 (1969); Metalloberflaeche 23, 326 (1969); Gepgyartastechnologia, 9, 529 (1969); Korroz. Figy. 11, 109 (1971); Magy. Alum. 8, 203 and 8, 337 (1971); Galvanotechnik, 63, 132 (1972); Magyar Alum. 9, 321 (1972); Magyar Alum. 10, 8 (1973); Electrodeposition Surf. Treat. 1, 24 (1973); Trans. Inst. Met. Finish. 51, 6 (1973); Trans. Inst. Met. Finish. 52, 92 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  59. J. Glayman, Galvano 16, 121 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  60. W. Baumann, Z. Phys. 111, 708 (1939).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. W. Seith, Diffusion in Metallen, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  62. L. Vlasakova, Werkst. Korros. 9, 537 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  63. D. D. Eley and P. R. Wilkonson, Proc. R. Soc. Ser. A. 254, 327 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. S. Haruyama, J. Electrochem. Soc. Jpn. 33, 181 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. G. A. Dorsey, Plating 57, 1117 (1970); and J. Electrochem. Soc. 114, 466 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. A. Domony, E. Lichtenberger-Bajza, and P. Csokán, Werkst. Korros. 11, 701 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  67. A. Domony and E. Lichtenberger-Bajza, Metalloberflaeche 15, 134 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. E. Rayola and A. W. Davidson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 78, 556 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  69. T. Erdey-Gruz, Elmeleti Fizikai-Kémia (Theoretical Physical Chemistry), Tankönyvkiadó V. Budapest (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  70. A. Güntherschultze and H. Betz, Elektrolyt-Kondersatoren, Technisch Verlag A. Cranz, Berlin (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  71. G. Ulrich, Wiss. Z. Elektrotech. 2, 201 (1956); and 3, 651 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  72. E. J. W. Verwey, Physica 2, 1059 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  73. A. Kordes, Z. Krvstallogr. 91, 193 (1935).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. S. Tajima, Metall 18, 581 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. A. Tajima, N. Baba, T. Mori, and M. Shimura, Proc. Symp. Anodizing Aluminum, Univ. Aston, Birmingham, England (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  76. H. Ginsberg and K. Wefers, Metall 16, 173 (1962); and 17, 202 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. W. Kaden and H. Ginsberg, Proc. Conference Anodizing Aluminum, Univ. Nottingham, England (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  78. M. Eigen, Symposium on Hydrogen-Bonding, Lujubljana, Yugoslavia (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  79. A. Charlesby, Proc. Phys. Soc. 66, 317 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  80. T. P. Hoar and J. Yahalom, J. Electrochem. Soc. 110, 614 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. P. Winkel, G. Pistorius, and W. Ch. van Geel, Phillips Rep. 13, 277 (1958.).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. A. W. Brace, Metallurgia 4, 173 (1957); and 87, 261 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  83. P. Neufeld and H. O. Ali, Trans. Inst. Met. Finish. 48, 175 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. W. J. Müller, Die Bedeckungstheorie der Passivität und die experimentelle Begrundung, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  85. H. Fischer, N. Budiloff, and L. Koch, Korros. Metallwirtsch. 18, 62 (1942); and 20, 115 (1944).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. J. M. Kape, J. Met. Finish. 4, 391 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  87. J. M. Kape, Electroplat. Met. Finish. 12, 59 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  88. J. M. Kape, Plating 55, 326 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  89. N. F. Mott, Trans. Faraday Soc. 43, 429 (1947).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. J. N. Stranski and R. Kaishew, Z. Phys. Chem. B26, 317 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  91. K. Hauffe, Reaktionen in und an festen Stoffen, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  92. A. Neuhaus and M. Gebhardt, Werkst. Korros. 17, 567 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. T. Hayashi, S. Higuchi, H. Kinoshita, and T. Ishida, J. Electrochem. Soc. Jpn. 37, 64 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  94. K. Huber, Helv. Chim. Acta 28, 1416 (1945); and J. Colloid Sci. 3, 197 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. D. J. Stirland and R. W. Bichsei, J. Electrochem. Soc. 106, 481 (1959); R. W. Bichsei, Metall 14, 196 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. A. Marge and M. Renouard, Rev. Alum. 38, 1051 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  97. P. Csokán, Femip. Kut. Intez. Kozl. 3, 219 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  98. P. Csokán, Corros. Anticorr. 8, 158 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  99. P. Csokán and Gy. Emöd, Gep 12, 489 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  100. P. Csokán and G. Sinay, DECHEMA-Monogr. 45, 319 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  101. P. Csokán, Femip. Kut. Intez. Kozl. 6, 267 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  102. P. Csokán, Ved.-Tech. Spolocnost DOM TECH., Bratislava, Czech. 3, 8–1 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  103. P. Csokán, Werkst. Korros. 15, 307 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  104. P. Csokán and G. Sinay, Werkst. Korros. 11, 224 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  105. P. Csokán and G. Sinay, Gep 14, 126 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  106. P. Csokán, Elektrie 8, 245 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  107. P. Csokán and G. Sinay, Blech 9, 650 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  108. M. Schenk, Werkstoff Aluminum und seine anodische Oxydation, A. Francke Verlag, Bern (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  109. G. Elssner and A. Beyer, Arch. Metallkd. 2, 120 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. H. Röhrig and E. Käpernick, Z. Metallkd. 31, 101 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  111. J. A. Davies, et al, J. Electrochem. Soc. 109, 999 (1962); and 110, 849 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  112. D. A. Vermilyea, J. Electrochem. Soc. 109, 999 (1962); and 110, 849 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  113. D. H. Bradhurst and J. W. L. Leach, Trans. Br. Ceram. Soc. 62, 793 (1963); and J. Electrochem. Soc. 113, 1245 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. S. F. Bubar and D. A. Vermilyea, J. Electrochem. Soc. 113, 892 (1966); and 114, 882 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  115. L. Young, J. Electrochem. Soc. 110, 589 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. R. S. Alwitt. J. Electrochem. Soc. 114, 843 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. D. J. Arrowsmith, E. A. Culpan, and R. J. Smith, Proc. Symp. Anodizing Aluminum, Univ. Aston, Birmingham, England, p. 17 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  118. T. P. Hoar and D. J. Arrowsmith, Electroplat. Met. Finish. 10, 141 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  119. M. Stalzer, Metalloberßaeche 18, 263 (1964); and Galvanotech. + Oberflaechenschutz 7. 39 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. N. D. Tomashov and A. V. Bjalobsheski, Tr. Inst. Fiz. Khim. Akad. Nauk SSSR 5,114 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  121. R. M. Barrer, Diffusion in and through Solids, Cambridge University Press, New York (1952).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry and Corrosion Division, General Design Institute for the Engineering Industry, Budapest, Hungary

    Paul Csokan

Authors
  1. Paul Csokan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Mars G. Fontana Roger W. Staehle

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1980 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Csokan, P. (1980). Nucleation Mechanism in Oxide Formation During Anodic Oxidation of Aluminum. In: Fontana, M.G., Staehle, R.W. (eds) Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology. Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology, vol 7. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9065-1_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9065-1_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-9067-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-9065-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation