Abstract
For a number of years, formula manipulation has been a prosperous member of the large family of computer applications. It has already facilitated the solution of problems too lengthy and time-consuming for the relatively unreliable human problem-solver. The reader who has not himself encountered such problems need only recall the horrendous exercises in formula manipulation performed by the astronomers of the eighteenth and nineteenth century, e.g., as described in Delaunay’s “Théorie du mouvement de la lune,” or in E. W. Brown’s “Theory of the Motion of the Moon.” Their achievements are hardly surpassable by hand, and continue to challenge the capabilities of current systems.
The writing of this paper has been supported in part by the United States Army (Durham) Research Grant DA-ARO(D)-31-124-G721 and National Science Foundation Grant GP-5253.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language algol 60, Comm. ACM, 6, 1–17 (Jan. 1963)
R. Alpiar, The algan-I Manual (User’s Handbook for the Algebraic Fortran Programme), EIR Bericht Nr. 76, Eidgenössisches Institut für Reaktorforschung, Würenlingen, Schweiz (1965)
E. Bond et al., An Experimental Formula Manipulation Compiler, in: “Proc. 1964 ACM National Conference,” pp. K2.I-1-K2.I-11
E. Bond, Formac: An Experimental Formula Manipulation Compiler (Operating Manual and User’s Preliminary Reference Manual), Share General Library 7090 R21BM0016 (1964)
W. S. Brown, The alpak System for Nonnumerical Algebra on a Digital Computer -I. Polynomials in Several Variables and Truncated Power Series with Polynomial Coefficients, Bell System Tech. J. XLII, 2081 (1963)
W. S. Brown, J. P. Hyde, and B. A. Tague, The alpak System for Non-Numerical Algebra on a Digital Computer-II, Bell System Tech. J.XLIII (2), 785–804 (1964)
B. F. Caviness, On Canonical Forms and Simplifications, doctoral dissertation, Carnegie Institute of Technology (1967)
C. Christensen, On the Implementation of ambit, A Language for Symbol Manipulation, Comm. ACM 9, 570–573 (Aug. 1966)
G. E. Collins, Pm, A System for Polynomial Manipulations, Comm. ACM 9, 578–589 (Aug. 1966)
G. E. Collins, Subresultants and Reduced Polynomial Remainder Sequences, J. ACM 14, 128–142 (Jan. 1967)
G. E. Collins and J. H. Griesemer, Comparison of Computing Times in alpak, formac, pm and Korsvold’s System, SICSAM Bulletin No. 4 (Sept. 1966)
G. E. Collins, The SAC-1 List Processing System, Report, Computer Sciences Department and Computer Center, University of Wisconsin (July 1967)
G. E. Collins, The SAC-1 Polynomial System, Technical Reference 2, Computer Sciences Department and Computer Center, University of Wisconsin (Jan. 1968)
G. E. Collins, Polynomial Remainder Sequences and Determinants, American Mathematical Monthly 73 (7) (Aug.-Sept. 1966)
E. W. Dijkstra, On the Design of Machine Independent Programming Languages, “Annual Review in Automatic Programming,” Vol. 3, (R. Goodman, ed.), Pergamon Press, New York (1963)
M. E. Engeli, Formal Manipulation of Algebraic Expressions with an Algorithmic Language, in “Proceedings of the IFIP Congress, New York, May 1965,” Vol. II, Spartan Books, New York (1966)
M. E. Engeli, Design and Implementation of an Algebraic Processor, Habilitationsschrift ETH, Zurich, Switzerland (April 1966)
M. E. Engeli, A Language and List Structure for an Algebraic Manipulation System, in: “Symbol Manipulation Languages” (Proc. IFIP Working Conference, Pisa, Italy, Sept. 1966)
M. E. Engeli, User’s Manual for the Formula Manipulation Language symbal, Computation Center, The University of Texas at Austin (March 1968)
M. E. Engeli, Achievements and Problems in Formula Manipulation, paper presented at IFIP Congress Edinburgh, Aug. 1968
C. Engelman, Mathlab: A Program for On-line Assistance in Symbolic Computations, in: “Proc. 1965 FJCC,” Spartan Books, Washington, D. C
R. R. Fenichel, An On-line System for Algebraic Manipulations, doctoral dissertation, Harvard University (July 1966). [also available as Report MAC-TR-35, Project MAC, MIT, Cambridge, Mass. (Dec. 1966).]
L. Fox, “An Introduction to Numerical Linear Algebra,” Clarendon Press (1964)
J. W. Hanson, J. S. Caviness, and C. Joseph, Analytic Differentiation by Computer, Comm. ACM 5, 349–355 (July 1962)
A. C. Hearns, Reduce, A User-Oriented Interactive System for Algebraic Simplification, paper presented at the ACM Symposium on Interactive Systems, Washington, D. C. (Aug. 26–28, 1967); Stanford Artificial Memo AI57
P. Henrici, Automatic Computations with Power Series, J. ACM 3, 10–15 (Jan. 1956)
K. Korsvold, An On-line Program for Non-Numerical Algebra, Report E-81, Norwegian Defense Research Establishment (March 1966)
R. Iturriaga, Contributions to Mechanical Mathematics, doctoral dissertation, Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pa. (April 1967)
H. G. Kahrimanian, Analytical Differentiation on a Digital Computer, M. A. Thesis, Temple University (May 1953)
A. Lapidus, and M. Goldstein, Some Experiments in Algebraic Manipulation by Computer, New York University NYO-1480-11 (Oct. 1964)
T. C. R. Licklider, “Man-Computer Symbiosis,” IRE Trans. Human Factors Electronics HFE-1, 4–11 (March 1960)
M. Manove, S. Bloom, and C. Engelman, Rational Functions in math-lab, in: “Symbol Manipulation Languages” (Proc. IFIP Working Conference, Pisa, Italy, Sept. 1966)
W. A. Martin, Symbolic Mathematical Laboratory, doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, Mass. (Jan. 1967). [Also Report TR-36, Project MAC, MIT.]
J. K. Milien, Charybdis: A lisp Program to Display Mathematical Expressions on Typewriter-like Devices, presented at ACM Symposium on Interactive Systems for Experimental Applied Mathematics, Wash., D. C. (Aug. 1967)
J. Moses, Symbolic Integration, doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, Mass., (Dec. 1967). [Also Report MAC-TR-47.]
A. J. Pedis, and R. Iturriaga, An Extension of algol for Manipulating Formulae, Comm. ACM 7, 127–130 (Feb. 1964)
A. J. Perlis, R. Iturriaga, and T. A. Standish, A Definition of Formula algol, Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pa. (March 1966)
D. Richardson, Some Unsolvable Problems Involving Functions of a Real Variable, doctoral dissertation, University of Bristol, Bristol, England (1966)
R. H. Risch, The Problem of Integration in Finite Terms, SDC document SP-2801/ 000/00 System Development Corporation, Santa Monica (23 March 1967)
H. Rutishauser, Description of algol 60, Volume I, Part a of the “Handbook for Automatic Computation,“ Springer Verlag (1967)
J. E. Sammet and E. R. Bond, Introduction to formac, IEEE Trans. on Electronic Computers EC-13 (4), 386–394 (Aug. 1964)
J. E. Sammet, Survey of Formula Manipulation, Comm. ACM, 9 (8), 555–569 (Aug. 1966)
J. E. Sammet, An Annotated Descriptor Based Bibliography on the Use of Computers for Non-Numerical Mathematics, Computing Review, 7 (4), B1–B31 (July 1966)
E. H. Sibley, The Engineering Assistant: Design of a Symbol Manipulation System, Technical Report CONCOMP, The University of Michigan (Aug. 1967)
J. R. Slagle, A Heuristic Program That Solves Symbolic Integration Problems in Freshman Calculus, Symbolic Automatic Integrator (SAINT), doctoral dissertation, MIT (1961). [A paper based on this thesis appears in “Computers and Thought,“ McGraw-Hill, Book Co., New York (1963).]
R. G. Tobey, R. J. Bobrow, and S. Zilles, Automatic Simplification in formac, in: “Proc. 1965 FJCC,“ Spartan Books, Washington, D. C
R. Tobey, T. Baker, R. Crews, P. Marks, and K. Victor, pl/I-formac INTERPRETER-User’s Reference Manual, IBM 360D 03.3.004 (Oct. 1967)
B. L. Van der Waerden, “Modern Algebra,“ Vol. 1, Frederick Ungar, New York (1953)
A. van Wijngarden, Generalized algol, in: “Annual Review in Automatic Programming,“ Vol. 3, (R. Goodman, ed.), Pergamon Press, New York (1963)
N. Wirth, A Generalization of algol, Comm. ACM 6, 547–554 (Sept. 1963)
N. Wirth and C. A. R. Hoare, A Contribution to the Development of algol, Comm. ACM 9 (6), 413–432 (June 1966)
N. Wirth and H. Weber, Euler, A Generalization of algol, and its Formal Definition, Part I, Comm. ACM 9 (1), 13–25 (Jan. 1966); Part II, Comm. ACM 9 (2), 89–99 (Feb. 1966)
E. R. Berlekamp, On the Factorization of Polynomials over Finite Fields, Bell System Tech. J. 1967
D. E. Knuth, “The Art of Computer Programming,“ Vol. II, Addison Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, Mass., to be published
R. M. Risch, On the Integration of Elementary Functions which are Built up Using Algebraic Operations, SDC Document SP-2801/002/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica (June 26, 1968)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1969 Plenum Press
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Engeli, M.E. (1969). Formula Manipulation—The User’s Point of View. In: Tou, J.T. (eds) Advances in Information Systems Science. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9050-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9050-7_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-9052-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-9050-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive