Abstract
In 5–28% of septic shock patients in different series, infections with gram-positive organisms were responsible for the sepsis. Most were caused by Staphylococcus aureus (5, 15). Extensive studies have been made of the many toxins produced by staphylococcal cells. Experimental studies have also been made of infections in animals, but the subtle biochemical interactions between host metabolism and a challenging infection with S. aureus have received scant attention (6). We have felt that nothing less than whole bacteria, with their many chemical products, and the whole living animal should be the objects of study initially. Our experiments have demonstrated the importance of hepatic metabolism, particularly in relation to glycolysis and mitochondrial function (36).
This research was supported by grants from the USPHS (AI 04046) and the Iowa Thoracic Society.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barnwell, P., S. Sopher, R.R. Flickinger, C.H. Rhoden, and I.M. Smith. Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections in mice with oxygen at various pressures and concentrations. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 94: 755–760, 1966.
Bartell, P.F., T.E. Orr, A. Gelfan, and P. Iono. Experimental infections of mice with Staphylococcus aureus: Evidence against alpha toxin and the terminal size of the bacterial population as determinants of lethality. J. Infect. Dis. 118: 481–490, 1968.
Berry, L.J., and D.S. Smythe. Some metabolic aspects of host-parasite interactions in the mouse typhoid model. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 88: 1278–1286, 1960.
Counts, G.W., I.M. Smith, J.I. Routh, E. Ch. Hazard, and J.F. McTavish. Biochemical changes in lethal staphylococcal infections in mice. Nature 191: 783–786, 1961.
Ebert, R.V., and R.S. Abernathy. Septic shock. Fed. Proc. Suppl. No. 9: 179–184, 1961.
Elek, S.D. Staphylococcus pyogenes and Its Relation to Disease. London: Livingston, 1959.
Gorrill, R.H., and E.M. McNeill. Staphylococcal infection in the mouse. I. The effect of route of inoculation. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 44: 404–415, 1963.
Guenter, C.A., and L.B. Hinshaw. Comparison of septic shock due to gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 134: 780 - 783, 1970.
Henry, R.J. Clinical Chemistry: Principles and Techniques. New York: Harper & Row, 1964.
Hicks, J.D., P. Giltman, and J. Fye. A new method of measuring blood pressure in mice. Lancet 2: 930–932, 1965.
Kong, Y.L., and I.M. Smith. Further purification of Staphylococcus aureus protoplasmic lethal factor. To be published.
Lindell, S.S., I.M. Smith, J.I. Routh, and M. Delle. Biochemical analyses of the carcass in lethal staphylococcal infections of mice. Nature 197: 155–157, 1963.
Lindell, S.S., I.M. Smith, J.W. Nelson, M. Delle, and J.I. Routh. Locus of biochemical changes in mice dying of staphy-lococcal infection. Nature 201: 185–187, 1964.
Lindell, S.S., S. Sopher, and I.M. Smith. Carbohydrate treatment of severe Staphylococcus aureus infections in mice. Rev. Lationoam. Microbiol. 8: 14–23, 1967.
MacLean, L.D., W.G. Mulligan, A.P.H. Maclean, and J.H. Duff. Patterns of septic shock in man: A detailed study of 56 patients. Ann. Surg. 166: 543–558, 1967.
Mukherjee, K.L., S.S. Lindell, I.M. Smith, and J.I. Routh. The phosphate fractions of Staphylococcus aureus infected mice. J. Infect. Dis. 115: 278–284, 1965.
Mukherjee, K.L., I.M. Smith, and R. Barker. Oxidative phosphorylation with Staphylococcus aureus infection. Experientia, in press.
Mukherjee, K.L., A.K. Bhattacharyya, R.M. Smith, T. Mueller, and I.M. Smith. Changes in the lipid metabolism of mice challenged with a lethal infection of Staphylococcus aureus. To be published.
Mukherjee, K.L., and I.M. Smith. Long-chain fatty acids and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by Staphylococcus aureus infection. To be published.
Niselovskaya, L.I., and E.M. Paderma. Oxidative phosphory-lation in the liver of guinea pigs poisoned with staphylo-coccal toxin. Fed. Proc. 23: 536, 1964.
Rahal, J.J., M.E. Plant, and L. Weinstein. Effect of purified staphylococcal alpha toxin on active sodium transport and aerobic respiration in the isolated toad bladder. J. Clin. Invest. 47: 1603, 1968.
Rahal, J.J., G.T. Keusch, and L. Weinstein. Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by purified staphylococcal alpha toxin. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 75: 442–448, 1970.
Rhoden, C.H., L. Lowry, S. Rabinovich, and I.M. Smith. Mitochondrial oxygen metabolism in lethal staphylococcal infection. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 100: 699–705, 1969.
Rhoden, C.H., D.B. Leeper, I.M. Smith, T.C. Evans, and B.R. Duling. Blood pressure changes in mice after lethal staphy-lococcal infection and endotoxin challenge. To be published.
Saslaw, S., and H.N. Carlisle. Staphylococcal infection in normal and splenectomized monkeys. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 123: 565–571, 1966.
Schneider, W.C., and G.H. Hogeboom. Intracellular distribution of enzymes. V. Further studies on the distribution of cytochrome in rat liver homogenates. J. Biol. Chem. 183: 123, 1950.
Sellers, T.F., and C.A. LeMaistre. Experimental staphylococcal infection in mice: Observations on the effects of inoculum size, strain variation, penicillin, and cortisone. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 55: 199–215, 1960.
Siegel, J.H., M. Greenspan, and L.R.M. Del Guercio. Abnormal vascular tone, defective oxygen transport and myocardial failure in human septic shock. Ann. Surg. 165: 504–517, 1967.
Shoemaker, W.C., K.J. Printen, R.S. Brown, J.J. Amato, J.S. Corey, S. Youssef, J.M. Reinhard, and A.E. Kark. Use of segmental physiologic measurements for evaluation and therapy of uncomplicated septic shock. Gurg. Gynecol. Obstet. 131: 245–254, 1970.
Smith, H. Biochemical challenge of microbial pathogenicity. Bact. Rev. 32: 164, 1968.
Smith, I.M., and R.J. Dubos. The behavior of virulent and avirulent staphylococci in the tissues of normal mice. J. Exp. Med, 103: 87–108, 1956.
Smith, I.M., and R.J. Dubos. The effect of nutritional disturbances on the susceptibility of mice to staphylococcal infections. J. Exp. Med. 103: 109–118, 1956.
Smith, I.M., and R.J. Dubos. The effect of dinitrophenol and thyroxin on the susceptibility of mice to staphylococcal infection. J. Exp. Med. 103: 119–126, 1956.
Smith, I.M., A.P. Wilson, E. Ch. Hazard, W.K. Hummer, and M.E. Dewey. Death from staphylococci in mice. J. Infect. Dis. 107: 369–378, 1960.
Smith, I.M., S.S. Lindell, and J.I. Routh. Death in mice induced by Staphylococcus aureus protoplasm. Nature 205: 1318–1319, 1965.
Smith, I.M. Metabolic response of the host to staphylococcal infection. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 128: 335–350, 1965.
Smith, I.M., S.S. Lindell, E. Ch. Hazard, and S. Rabinovich. Chemical treatments of staphylococcal infections in mice. Nature 211: 720–722, 1966.
Smith, I.M., S.S. Lindell, and E. Ch. Hazard. Inhibitory action of the testosterone and liver extract on staphylococcal infections in mice. Nature 211: 722–723, 1966.
Smith, I.M., A. Lopez-S., J. Gell, and P. Tarr. Amino acid metabolism in murine lethal staphylococcal infection. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Chemotherapy, Tokyo, 1970.
Vetto, R.M., F.O. Belzer, R.C. Rogers, K.A. Robertson. A dye dilution study of the hepatic circulation during staphylococcus toxin shock. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 121: 1263–1268, 1965.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1972 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Smith, I.M., Mukherjee, K.L. (1972). Liver Metabolism and Energy Production in Staphylococcus aureus Septic Shock in Mice. In: Hinshaw, L.B., Cox, B.G. (eds) The Fundamental Mechanisms of Shock. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 23. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9014-9_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9014-9_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-9016-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-9014-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive