Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Principles of Primate Group Organization

  • Chapter
Perspectives in Primate Biology

Part of the book series: Advances in Behavioral Biology ((ABBI,volume 9))

Abstract

No single statement about social organization can be made which will apply to all of the taxa “within the order Primates. Whereas many general statements apply to most primates, we must always consider the exceptions. Not only will no single formula describe the organization of all primate societies, but we must remember that many of the prosimians and perhaps some of the New World primates live essentially solitary lives. Even were we to restrict ourselves to Old World monkeys and apes, the wealth of variety in organizations precludes simplistic notions of unitary tendencies. A quick examination of the variety of organizations should discourage us from seeking one or two single universal social mechanisms to account for primate social behavior; and yet the literature is replete with arguments concerning the identification of the principle basis of primate sociality. Sexual attraction, dominance, predator protection and other mechanisms have all had their advocates and some have enjoyed temporary vogue as the dogma of the day. Is it not possible that all of these mechanisms are operable and that their differential contribution may vary from one taxon to another?

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Altmann, S.A. and Altmann, J. 1970. Bibl. primat., 12, 1–220

    Google Scholar 

  2. Baldwin, J.D. 1971. Folia primat., 14, 23–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Baldwin, J.D. and Baldwin, J.I. 1971. Primates, 12, 45–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bernstein, I.S. 1964. J. comp. physiol. psychol., 57, 404–406

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bernstein, I.S. 1966. Tulane Studies in Zool., 13, No. 2, 49–54

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bernstein, I.S. 1966. Primates, 7, No. 4, 471–480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Bernstein, I.S. 1967. Folia primat., 7, 198–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bernstein, I.S. 1968. Behaviour, 32, 1-16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bernstein, I.S. 1970. Primate Status Hierarchies. In Primate Behavior. (Developments in Field and Laboratory Research). L.A. Rosenblum, Ed., Vol. 1, Academic Press, New York, Pp. 71–109

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bernstein, I.S. and Sharpe, L.G. 1966. Behaviour, XXVI, 91–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Carpenter, C.R. 1940. Comp. Psychol. Monogr., 16, No. 5, 1–212

    Google Scholar 

  12. Carpenter, C.R. 1935. J. mammal., 16, (3), 171-180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Carpenter, C.R. 1942. Biol. Symposia., 8, 117–204

    Google Scholar 

  14. Carpenter, C.R. 1942. J. comp. Psychol., 33, 113–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Chivers, D.J. 1971. Spatial relations within the siamang group. In Proceedings of III international congress of primatology, Zurich, 1970, Vol. 3, Basel, S. Karger, Pp. 14–21

    Google Scholar 

  16. Cohen, J.E. 1968. Grouping in a vervet monkey troop. Rand Corp. Rep. No. P-3896 Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California (Dept. Commerce Clearinghouse AD-672 744), 8 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Collias, N. and Southwick, C. 1952. Proc. Amer. Philosophical Soc, 96, 143–156

    Google Scholar 

  18. Crook, J.H. and Gartlan, J.S. 1966. Nature, 210, 1200–1203

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Crook, J.H. 1966. Symp. zool. Soc. London, No. 18, 237–258

    Google Scholar 

  20. Crook, J.H. 1970. Anim. Behav., 18, 197–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Deag, J.M. and Crook, J.H. 1971. Folia primat., 15, 183–200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Denham, W.W. 1971. Amer. Anthrop., 73, 77–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. DeVore, I. 1963. A comparison of the ecology and behavior of monkeys and apes. Classification and Human Evolution, S.L. Washburn, Ed., Aldin Publ. Co., Chicago, 301–319

    Google Scholar 

  24. DeVore, I. and Hall, K.R.L. 1965. Baboon ecology. In Primate Behavior. Field Studies of monkeys and apes. I. DeVore, Ed., Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Pp. 20–52

    Google Scholar 

  25. Durham, N.M. 1971. Effects of Altitude Differences on Group Organization of Wild Black Spider Monkeys (Ateies paniscus) Proc. 3rd int. Congr. Primat., Zurich 1970 (Karger-Basel 1971), vol. 3, Pp. 32–40

    Google Scholar 

  26. Eisenberg, J., Muekenhirn, N. and Rudran, R. 1972. Science, 176, 863–874

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ellefson, J.O. 1968. Territorial behavior in the common white-handed gibbon, Hylobates lar Linn., In Primates, P.C. Jay, Ed., Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Pp. 180–199

    Google Scholar 

  28. Gartlan, J.S. and Brian, C.K. 1968. Ecology and social variability in Cercopithecus aethiops and C. mitis. In Primates, P.C. Jay, Ed., Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Pp. 253–292

    Google Scholar 

  29. Gartlan, J.S. 1970. Preliminary notes on the ecology and behavior of the drill, Mandrillus leucophaeus, Ritgen, 1824. In Old World Monkeys: Evolution, Systematics, and Behavior. J.R. Napier and P.H. Napier, Eds., Academic Press, New York and London, Pp. 445–480

    Google Scholar 

  30. Goodall, J. 1965. Chimpanzees of the Gombe Stream Reserve. Ch. 12, In: Primate Behavior, Field Studies of monkeys and apes. I. DeVore, Ed., New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Pp. 425–473

    Google Scholar 

  31. Hall, K.R.L. 1960. Behaviour, XVI, Part 3–4, 261–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Hall, K.R.L. 1965. Symp. Zool. Soc. London, 14, 265–289

    Google Scholar 

  33. Itani, J. 1963. Paternal care in the wild Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata fuscata). In Southwick’s Primate Social Behavior, Ovan Nostrand Co., Princeton, Pp. 191

    Google Scholar 

  34. Itani, J. and Suzuki, A. 1967. Primates, 8, 335–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Ozawa, K. 1970. Primates, 11, 1–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Jay, P. 1965. The common langur of North India. Ch. 7, In Primate Behavior. Field Studies of monkeys and apes. I. DeVore, Ed., New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Pp. 197–249

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kaufman, I.C. and Rosenblum, L.A. 1969. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 159, 681–695

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Klein, L. and Klein, D. 1971. Int. Zoo. Yearb., 1971, 11, 175–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Kummer, H. 1967. Tripartite relations in hamadryas baboons. In Social Communication among Primates. Stuart A. Altmann, Ed., Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, Pp. 63–71

    Google Scholar 

  40. Kummer, H. 1968. Social organization of hamadryas baboons. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 189 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Kummer, H. 1971. Immediate causes of primate social structures. Pp. 1–11 in Proceedings of the third international Congress of Primatology, Zurich, 1970, Vol. 3, H. Kummer, Ed., Basel, S. Karger

    Google Scholar 

  42. Lindburg, D.G. 1969. Science, 166, 1176–1178

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Marler, P. 1969. Science, 163, 93–95

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Marsden, H.M. 1968. Folia primat., 8, 240–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Marsden, H.M. 1971. Intergroup relations in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). In Behavior and environment: The use of space by animals and men. A.H. Esser, Ed., Plenum Press, New York, Pp. 112–113

    Google Scholar 

  46. Marsden, W.A. 1966. Tulane Stud. Zool., 13, 23–28

    Google Scholar 

  47. Neville, M.K. 1968. Ecology, 49, 110–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Neville, M.K. 1969. Primates, 9, 13–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Poirier, F.E. 1968. Primates, 9, 351–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Reynolds, V. 1963. Folia primat., 1, 95–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Reynolds, V. and Reynolds, F. 1965. Chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest. Ch. 11, In Primate Behavior. Field Studies of monkeys and apes. I. DeVore, Ed., New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Pp. 368–424

    Google Scholar 

  52. Reynolds, V. 1970. Man, Vol. 5, No. 3

    Google Scholar 

  53. Rowell, T.E. 1966. J. Zool., 149, 344–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Rowell, T.E. 1969. Folia primat., 11, 241–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Rowell, T.E., Hinde, R.A. and Spencer-Booth, Y. 1964. Anim. Behav., XII, 219–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Saayman, U.S. 1971. Afr. wild Life, 25, 25–259

    Google Scholar 

  57. Schenkel, R. and Schenkel-Hulliger, L. 1967. On the sociology of free-ranging Colobus (Colobus guereza caudatus) Thomas 1885. In Progress in primatology, D. Starck, R. Schneider and H.-J. Kuhn, Eds., Stuttgart, Gustav Fischer Verlag., Pp. 185–194

    Google Scholar 

  58. Southwick, C.H., Beg, M.A. and Siddiqi, M.R. 1961. Ecology, 42, 538–547

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Southwick, C.H., Beg, M.A. and Siddiqi, M.R. 1961. Ecology, 42, 698–710

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Southwick, C.H., Beg, M.A. and Siddiqi, M.R. 1965. Rhesus monkeys in North India. Ch. 4, Primate Behavior. Field Studies of monkeys and apes. I. DeVore, Ed., Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, Pp. 111–159

    Google Scholar 

  61. Stoltz, L.P. and Saayman, G.S. 1970. Ann. Transv. Mus., 26, 99–143, pls. 10–17

    Google Scholar 

  62. Struhsaker, T.T. 1967. Ecology, 48, 891–904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Struhsaker, T.T. 1967. Behaviour, 29, 83–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Struhsaker, T.T. 1969. Folia primat., 11, 80–118

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Sugiyama, Y. 1964. Primates, 5, (3–4), 7–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Sugiyama, Y. 1968. Primates, 9, 225–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Sugiyama, Y., Yoshiba, K. and Pathasarathy, M.D. 1965. Primates, 6, 73–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Thorington, R.W., Jr. 1967. Feeding and activity of Cebus and Saimiri in a Colombian forest. In Progress in primatology, D. Starck, R. Schneider and H.J. Kuhn, Eds., Stuttgart, Gustav Fischer Verlag., Pp. 180–184

    Google Scholar 

  69. Thorington, R.W., Jr. 1968. Observations of squirrel monkeys in a Colombian forest. Ch. 3, In The squirrel monkey, L.A. Rosenblum and R.W. Cooper, Eds., New York, Academic Press

    Google Scholar 

  70. Vandenbergh, J.G. 1967. Behaviour, 29, 179–194

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Yoshiba, K. 1968. Local and intertroop variability in ecology and social behavior of common Indian langurs. In Primates, P.C. Jay, Ed., Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Pp. 217–242.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA

    I. S. Bernstein

Authors
  1. I. S. Bernstein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Anthropology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    A. B. Chiarelli

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1974 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bernstein, I.S. (1974). Principles of Primate Group Organization. In: Chiarelli, A.B. (eds) Perspectives in Primate Biology. Advances in Behavioral Biology, vol 9. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8990-7_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8990-7_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-8992-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8990-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation