Abstract
Like most protozoan infections malaria is usually chronic. Even in the absence of persistent exoerythrocytic infection parasites may remain in the blood for months after antiplasmodial antibody is detectable in the serum.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Briggs, N.T. & Wellde, B.T. 1969. Some characteristics of Plasmodium berghei “relapsing” in immunized mice. Mil. Med. 134: 1243–1248.
Brown, I.N., Brown, K.N. & Hills, L.A. 1968. Immunity to malaria: the antibody response to antigenic variation by Plasmodium knowlesi. Immunology 14: 127–138.
Brown, K.N. 1971. Protective immunity to malaria parasites: a model for the survival of cells in an immunological hostile environment. Nature (Lond.) 230: 163–167.
Brown, K.N. 1973. Antibody induced variation in malaria parasites. Nature (Lond.) 242: 49–50.
Brown, K.N. 1974. Antigenic variation and immunity to malaria. In Parasites in the Immunized Host: Mechanisms of Survival. Ciba Foundation Symposium 25 (new series. Porter, R. & Knight, J., Eds.: 35–51. Associated Scientific Publishers. Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Brown, K.N. & Brown, I.N. 1965. Immunity to malaria: antigenic variation in chronic infections of Plasmodium knowlesi. Nature (Lond.) 208: 1286–1288.
Brown, K.N., Brown, I.N. & Hills, L.A. 1970a. Immunity to malaria. I. Protection against Plasmodium knowlesi shown by monkeys sensitized with drug-suppressed infections or by dead parasites in Freund’s adjuvant. Exp. Parasitol. 28: 304–317.
Brown, K.N., Brown, I.N., Trigg, P.I., Phillips, R.S. & Hills, L.A. 1970b. Immunity to malaria. II. Serological response of monkeys sensitized by drug-suppressed infections or by dead parasitized cells in Freund’s complete adjuvant. Exp. Parasitol. 28: 318–338.
Brown, K.N. & Hills, L.A. 1974. Antigenic variation andimmunity to Plasmodium knowlesi: antibodies which induce antigenic variation and antibodies which destroy parasites. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 68: 139–142.
Brown, K.N., Jarra, W. & Hills, L.A. 1976. T cells and protective immunity to Plasmodium berghei in rats. Infec. Immun. 14: 858–871.
Brown, K.N. & Tanaka, A. 1975. Vaccination against Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 69: 350–353.
Butcher, G.A. & Cohen, S. 1972. Antigenic variation and protective immunity in Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. Immunology 23: 503–521.
Butcher, G.A., Mitchell, G.H. & Cohen, S. 1973. Letter: Mechanism of host specificity in malaria infection. Nature (Lond.) 244: 40–41.
Corradetti, A. 1974. Prospect of vaccination in human malaria. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Malaria Research. Rabat, Morocco, 287. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Cox, H.W. 1959. A study of relapse Plasmodium berghei infections isolated from white mice. J. Immunol. 82: 209–214.
Cross, G.A.M. 1975. Identification, purification and properties of clone-specific glycoprotein antigens constituting the surface coat of Trypanosoma brucei. Parasitology 71: 393–417.
Dennis, E.D., Mitchell, G.H., Butcher, G.A. & Cohen, S. 1975. In vitro isolation of Plasmodium knowlesi merozoites using polycarbonate sieves. Parasitology 71:475–481.
Eaton, M.D. 1938. The agglutination of Plasmodium knowlesi by immune serum. J. Exp. Med. 67: 857–870.
Freund, J., Thomson, K.J., Sommer, H.E., Walter, A.W. & Pisani, T.M. 1945. Immunization of monkeys against malaria by means of killed parasites with adjuvants. Am. J. Trop. Med. 28: 1–22.
Hawking, F., Worms, M.J., Gammage, K. & Goddard, P.A. 1966. The biological purpose of the blood-cycle of the malaria parasite Plasmodium cynomolgi. Lancet 2: 422–424.
McDonald, V. & Phillips, R.S. 1975. Immunity to Plasmodium vinckei chabaudi in mice: attempts to understand the role of different lymphoid cell types. J. Protozool. 22: 54A.
McGhee, R.B. 1953. The infection by Plasmodium lophurae of duck erythrocytes in the chicken embryo. J. Exp. Med. 97: 773–782.
Miller, L.H., Dvorak, J.A., Shiroishi, T. & Durocher, J.R. 1973. Influence of erythrocyte membrane components on malaria merozoite invasion. J. Exp. Med. 138: 1597–1601.
Miller, L.H., Aikawa, M. & Dvorak, J.A. 1975. Malaria (Plasmodium knowlesi) merozoites: immunity and the surface coat. J. Immunol. 114: 1237–1242.
Mitchell, G.H., Butcher, G.A. & Cohen, S. 1973. Isolation of blood-stage merozoites from Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. Int. J. Parasitol. 3: 443–445.
Mitchell, G.H., Butcher, G.A. & Cohen, S. 1974. A merozoite vaccine effective against Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. Nature (Lond.) 252: 311–313.
Phillips, R.S. 1910. Plasmodium berghei: passive transfer of immunity by antisera and cells. Exp. Parasitol. 27: 479–495.
Stechschulte, D.J. 1969. Plasmodium berghei infection in thymectomized rats. Proa Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 131: 748–752.
Taliaferro, W.H. & Cannon, P.R. 1936. The cellular reactions during primary infections and superinfections of Plasmodium brasilianuum in Panamanian monkeys. J. Infect. Dis. 59: 72–125.
Taliaferro, W.H. & Mulligan, A.W. 1937. The histopathology of malaria with special reference to the function and origin of the macrophages in defence. Indian Med. Res. Mem. 29: 138.
Targett, G.A., & Fulton, J.D. 1965. Immunization of rhesus monkeys against Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. Exp. Parasitol. 17: 180–193.
Trager, W. & Jensen, J.B. 1976. Human malaria parasites in continuous culture. Science 193: 673–675.
Trigg, P.I. & Shapespeare, P.G. 1975. Factors affecting the invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium knowlesi in vitro. J. Protozool. 22: 57A.
Voller, A. & Rossan, R.N. 1969a. Immunological studies on simian malaria. III. Immunity to challenge and antigenic variation in P. knowlesi. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 63: 507–523.
Voller, A. & Rossan, R.N. 1969b. Immunological studies with simian malarias. I. Antigenic variants of Plasmodium cynomolgi bastianelli. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 63: 46–56.
Weiss, M.L. 1968. Active immunization of mice against Plasmodium berghei. Cross-resistance to a recently isolated strain. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 17: 516–521.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1977 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brown, K.N. (1977). Antigenic Variation in Malaria. In: Miller, L.H., Pino, J.A., McKelvey, J.J. (eds) Immunity to Blood Parasites of Animals and Man. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 93. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8855-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8855-9_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-8857-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8855-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive