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Interactions between herbicides and plant pathogens

  • Chapter
Residue Reviews

Part of the book series: Residue Reviews ((RECT,volume 45))

Abstract

The increasing use of herbicides for the control of undesired vegetation has in recent years had a tremendous impact on crop production as well as on nonagricultural land. It seems that the use of herbicides will continue to expand in the future. Selective herbicides for agricultural use are screened on the basis of their selective phytotoxicity, namely, their high toxicity to weeds and lack of damage to agricultural crops. The biological activity of any pesticide1 is usually not restricted to the target organism but extends to nontarget organisms as well. Hence, inhibitory and stimulatory effects on beneficial or harmful nontarget organisms in the environment are possible. It seems, however, that far less emphasis has been placed on the indirect effects of herbicides than on the direct ones, probably due to the complexity of the problem. Herbicides may affect crop plants in addition to target weeds either directly by causing phytotoxicity or indirectly by their effects on other organisms which may lead to harmful or beneficial effects. Crop plants form various kinds of relationships with other organisms, e.g., pathogens2 (agencies which incite disease) (Walker 1969). Plant disease is the final result of a compatible interaction which occurs under suitable conditions between a particular pathogen and host. A third living component connected with disease is the surrounding microflora and fauna which may affect either the pathogen, the host, or both by their antagonistic or synergistic action. Herbicides in their original form or as degradation products may interact in different ways with any one of the organisms involved in the disease, at one or more points in the chain of events leading to disease development (pathogenesis). The final result may be an increase, a decrease, or no change in disease severity or its incidence. One extreme case would be a severe outbreak of a “new” disease which was of negligible importance before the application of the herbicide, whereas the other extreme would be the complete elimination of an existing severe disease. The effect on disease might be immediate during the same growing season, or it might be a long-term effect due to build-up, especially where persistent herbicides are involved. Changes in disease incidence were also observed following the use of insecticides and fungicides (Munnecke 1967).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, and Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel

    J. Katan & Y. Eshel

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  1. J. Katan
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  2. Y. Eshel
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  1. Department of Entomology, University of California, 92502, Riverside, California, USA

    Francis A. Gunther  & Jane Davies Gunther  & 

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Katan, J., Eshel, Y. (1973). Interactions between herbicides and plant pathogens. In: Gunther, F.A., Gunther, J.D. (eds) Residue Reviews. Residue Reviews, vol 45. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8493-3_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8493-3_5

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