Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Factors affecting the extraction of organochlorine insecticides from soil

  • Conference paper
Residue Reviews/Rückstandsberichte

Part of the book series: Residue Reviews/Rückstandsberichte ((RECT,volume 30))

  • 34 Accesses

Abstract

Since “extraction” is virtually the first step in a complete analysis of pesticide residues from a variety of materials, including soil, the efficiency of extraction will play a decisive role in obtaining quantitative, reproducible results. Residues not extracted will not be estimated. Even if all procedures employed after extraction are satisfactory and the final determination is carried out by an advanced and sophisticated instrumentation, results obtained from inconsistent and inefficient extractions will be of little value.

Contribution No. 161, Research Station, Research Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture, Vineland Station, Ontario.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bailey, G. W., and J. L. White: Review of adsorption and desorption of organic pesticides by soil colloids, with implications concerning pesticide bioactivity. J. Agr. Food Chem. 12, 324 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartell, F. E., T. L. Thomas, and Y. Fu: Thermodynamics of adsorption from solution. IV: Temperature dependence of adsorption. J. Phys. Chem. 55, 1456 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barthell, W. F., R. T. Murphy, W. G. Mitchell, and C. Corley: The fate of heptachlor in the soil following granular application to the surface. J. Agr. Food Chem. 8, 445 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, E. W., L. H. Dawsey, D. W. Woodham, D. B. Leuck, and L. W. Morgan: Insecticide residues on peanuts grown in soil treated with granular aldrin and heptachlor. J. Econ. Entomol. 55, 953 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bertagna, P.: Residual insecticides and the problem of sorption. Bull. World Health Org. 20, 861 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benyon, K. I., and K. E. Elgar: The analysis for residues of chlorinated insecticides and acaricides. Analyst 91, 143 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bollen, W. B., J. E. Roberts, and H. E. Morrison: Soil properties and factors influencing aldrin-dieldrin recovery and transformation. J. Econ. Entomol. 51, 214 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, M. C., M. S. Schechter, and R. L. Carter: Behavior of chlorinated insecticides in a broad spectrum of soil types. J. Agr. Food Chem. 13, 360 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, W. N., and G. C. Decker: Insecticide residues in soybeans grown in soil containing various concentrations of aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, and hepta- chlor epoxide. J. Agr. Food Chem. 14, 395 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burchfield, H. P., D. E. Johnson, and E. E. Storrs: Guide to the analysis of pesticide residues. Vol. 1, Section II. A.2 (13). Public Health Service, Office of the Pesticides, Washington (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chacko, C. I., and J. L. Lockwood: Accumulation of DDT and dieldrin by microorganisms. Can. J. Microbiol. 13, 1123 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiba, M., and H. V. Morley: Studies on factors influencing the extraction of aldrin and dieldrin residues from different soil types. J. Agr. Food Chem. 16, 916 (1968 a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiba, M., and H. V. Morley: Studies on losses of pesticides during sample preparation procedures. J. Assoc. Official Anal. Chemists 51, 55 (1968 b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiba, M., W. N. Yule, and H. V. Morley: The analysis of residues of chlorinated insecticides in different soils: An evaluation of some solvent systems for extraction. Unpublished research (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Collier, C. W., D. A. Cook, and R. Tardif: A comparison of different extraction methods for removing chlorinated pesticides from soil. Presented 153rd meeting Amer. Chem. Soc., April 10–14, Miami Beach, Florida (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Decker, G. C., W. N. Bruce, and J. H. Bigger: The accumulation and dissipation of residues resulting from the use of aldrin in soils. J. Econ. Entomol. 58, 266 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duffy, J. R., and N. Wong: Residues of organochlorine insecticides and their metabolites in soils in the Atlantic Provinces of Canada. J. Agr. Food Chem. 15, 457 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, C. A.: Factors affecting the persistence of insecticides in soil. Soil and Fertilizers 27, 451 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, C. A.: Insecticide residues in soils. Residue Reviews 13, 83 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, C. A., S. D. Beck, and E. P. Lichtenstein: Bioassay of aldrin and lindane in soil. J. Econ. Entomol. 50, 622 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, C. A.:, and K. A. Jeffs: The persistence of some insecticides in soil and their effects on soil animals. Proc. XII Internat. Congress Entomol. London, p. 559 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Elgar, K. E.: Analysis of crops and soils for residues of the soil insecticides aldrin and “Telodrin.” J. Sci. Food Agr. 17, 541 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald, P. D., and D. S. Rickard: Sampling errors associated with gravimetric soil moisture determinations. N. Z. J. Agr. Research 6, 307 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, W. E., L. B. Parker, W. W. Maines, E. L. Plasket, and P. J. McCabe: Bioassay of soil containing residues of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, with special reference to control of Japanese beetle grubs. U. S. Department of Agriculture Tech. Bull. 1266 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallaher, P. J., and L. Evans: Preliminary investigations on the penetration and persistence of DDT under pasture. N. Z. J. Agr. Research 4, 466 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ginsburg, J. M., and J. P. Reed: A survey on DDT-accumulation in soils in relation to different crops. J. Econ. Entomol. 47, 467 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunther, F. A.: Instrumentation in pesticide residue determinations. Adv. Pest Control Research 5, 191 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunther, F. A., and R. C. Blinn: Analysis of insecticides and acaricides. New York: Interscience (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, C. R.: Influence of soil type and soil moisture on the toxicity of insecticides in soils to insects. Nature 202, 724 (1964 a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, C. R.: Influence of soil moisture on the toxicity of insecticides in a mineral soil to insects. J. Econ. Entomol. 57, 946 (1964 b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, C. R.: The accumulation of pesticide residues in soils, development of resistance to the cyclodiene insecticides by soil insects, and factors influencing the effectiveness of insecticides in soils. Proc. N. Central Branch Entomol. Soc. Amer. 20, 159 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, C. R.: Influence of soil type on the activity of insecticides in soil. J. Econ. Entomol. 59, 1221 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, C. R.: Further studies on the influence of soil moisture on the toxicity of insecticides in soil. J. Econ. Entomol. 60, 41 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, C. R., and E. P. Lichtenstein: Factors affecting the volatilization of insecticidal residues from soils. J. Econ. Entomol. 54, 1038 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, C. R., and J. H. Mazurek: Comparison of the toxicity to insects of certain insecticides applied by contact and in the soil. J. Econ. Entomol. 57, 698 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, C. R., and J. H. Mazurek: Laboratory evaluation of candidate materials as potential soil insecticides. J. Econ. Entomol, 59, 1215 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, C. R., and W. W. Sans: Absorption of organochlorine insecticide residues from agricultural soils by root crops. J. Agr. Food Chem. 15, 861 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, C. R., and J. R. W. Miles: Exploratory studies on occurrence of organochlorine insecticide residues in agricultural soils in Southern Ontario. J. Agr. Food Chem. 14, 398 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hermanson, H. P., and C. Forbes: Soil properties affecting dieldrin toxicity to Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 30, 748 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herne, D. C., and D. Chisholm: Accumulation of DDT in the soil of an Ontario peach orchard. Can. J. Soil Sci. 37, 23 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnsen, R. E., and R. I. Starr: Ultrasonic extraction of insecticides in soil. I. Comparison of extraction methods and solvent systems over three time intervals. J. Econ. Entomol. 60, 1679 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiigemagi, U., H. E. Morrison, J. E. Roberts, and W. B. Bollen: Biological and chemical studies on the decline of soil insecticides. J. Econ. Entomol. 51, 198 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King, R. L., N. A. Clark, and R. W. Hemken: Distribution, movement, and persistence of heptachlor and its epoxide in alfalfa plants and soil. J. Agr. Food Chem. 14, 62 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, A. K.: Report on extraction procedures for chloro-organic pesticides. J. Assoc. Official Agr. Chemists 41, 551 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koblitsky, L., and R. D. Chisholm: Determination of DDT in soils. J. Assoc. Official Agr. Chemists 32, 781 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, S. M.: Functional relationship between sorption in soil and chemical structure. J. Agr. Food Chem. 15, 572 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P.: Absorption of some chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides from soils into various crops. J. Agr. Food Chem. 7, 430 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P.: Insecticidal residues in various crops grown in soils treated with abnormal rates of aldrin and heptachlor. J. Agr. Food Chem. 8, 448 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P., L. J. De Pew, E. L. Eshbaugh, and J. P. Sleesman: Persistence of DDT, aldrin, and lindane in some Midwestern soils. J. Econ. Entomol. 53, 136 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P., T. W. Fuhremann, K. R. Schulz, and R. F. Skrentny: Effect of detergents and inorganic salts in water on the persistence and movement of insecticides in soils. J. Econ. Entomol. 60, 1714 (1967 a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P., N. E. A. Scopes, and R. F. Skrentny: Translocation of insecticides from soils into pea plants. Effects of the detergent LAS on translocation and plant growth. J. Agr. Food Chem. 15, 864 (1967 b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P., C. H. Mueller, G. R. Myrdal, and K. R. Schulz: Vertical distribution and persistence of insecticidal residues in soils as influenced by mode of application and a cover crop. J. Econ. Entomol. 55, 215 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P., G. R. Myrdal, and K. R. Schulz: Effect of formulation and mode of application of aldrin on the loss of aldrin and its epoxide from soils and their translocation into carrots. J. Econ. Entomol. 57, 133 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P.: Absorption of insecticidal residues from contaminated soils into five carrot varieties. J. Agr. Food Chem. 13, 126 (1965 a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P., and J. B. Polivka: Persistence of some chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in turf soils. J. Econ. Entomol. 52, 289 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P., and K. R. Schulz: Colorimetric determination of heptachlor in soils and some crops. J. Agr. Food Chem. 6, 848 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P.: Breakdown of lindane and aldrin in soils. J. Econ. Entomol. 52, 118 (1959 a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P.: Persistence of some chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides as influenced by soil types, rate of application and temperature. J. Econ. Entomol. 52, 124 (1959b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P.: Epoxidation of aldrin and heptachlor in soils as influenced by auto-claving, moisture, and soil types. J. Econ. Entomol. 53, 192 (1960 a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P.: Translocation of some chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides into the aerial parts of pea plants. J. Agr. Food Chem. 8, 452 (1960 b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P.: Effect of soil cultivation, soil surface and water on the persistence of insecticidal residues in soils. J. Econ. Entomol. 54, 517 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P.: Residues of aldrin and heptachlor in soils and their translocation into various crops. J. Agr. Food Chem. 13, 57 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P., and G. T. Cowley: Inhibition of the conversion of aldrin to diel-drin in soils with methylenedioxyphenyl synergists. J. Econ. Entomol. 56, 485 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, E. P., R. F. Skrentny, and P. A. Stitt: Insecticidal residues in cucumbers and alfalfa grown on aldrin- or heptachlor-treated soils. J. Econ. Entomol. 58, 742 (1965b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lovelock, J. E.: Electron absorption detectors and technique for use in quantitative and qualitative analysis by gas chromatography. Anal. Chem. 35, 474 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lykken, L.: Important considerations in collecting and preparing crop samples for residue analysis. Residue Reviews 3, 19 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macrae, I. C., K. Raghu, and T. F. Castro: Persistence and biodégradation of four common isomers of benzene hexachloride in submerged soils. J. Agr. Food Chem. 15, 911 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morley, H. V.: Adsorbents and their application to column cleanup of pesticide residues. Residue Reviews 16, 1 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mumma, R. O., W. B. Wheeler, D. E. H. Frear, and R. H. Hamilton Extraction of dieldrin accumulated by root uptake. Science 152, 530 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, R. T., and W. F. Barthel: Determination of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide in soil. J. Agr. Food Chem. 8, 442 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nash, R. G., and E. A. Woolson: Persistence of Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in soils. Science 157, 924 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, J. R., F. D. Aidrich, and A. W. Stone: Identification of the aldrin artifact. J. Agr. Food Chem. 15, 938 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pennington, S., and C. E. Meloan: The separation of four isomers of benzene hexachloride and their determination in soil by gasliquid chromatography. J. Chromatog. 27, 250 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pionke, H. B., G. Chesters, and D. E. Armstrong: Extraction of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides from soils. Agronomy J. 60, 289 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, R. J.: Availability of dieldrin to adult Blissus leucopterus and larval Cyclocephala immaculata in treated sand, loam, and muck soils. J. Econ. Entomol. 56, 781 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saha, J. G.: Comparison of several methods for extracting dieldrin-C14 from soil. Bull. Environ. Contamination & Toxicol. 3, 26 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saha, J. G., and H. McDonald: Insecticide residues in wheat grown in soil treated with aldrin and endrin. J. Agr. Food Chem. 15, 205 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saha, J. G., and W. W. A. Stewart: Heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and gamma-chlordane residues in soil and rutabaga after soil and surface treatments with heptachlor. Can. J. Plant Sci. 47, 79 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saini, G. R., and A. I. Stewart: Comparison of rapid methods of soil moisture determination based on Archimedes principle. Can. J. Soil Sci. 47, 145 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schnorbus, R. R., and W. F. Phillips: New extraction system for residue analyses. J. Agr. Food Chem. 15, 661 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seal, W. L., L. H. Dawsey, and G. E. Gavin: Monitoring for chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in soil and root crops in the Eastern States in 1965. Pesticides Monitoring J. 1, 22 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shell Development Company : Analytical method MMS-1/59; Extraction of halog- enated hydrocarbon pesticide residues from crops, soils and animal products. April 1. (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shell Development Company : Analytical method MMS-1/63; Extraction of halogenated hydrocarbon pesticide residues from crops, soils and animal products. Nov. 14 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shell Development Company : Analytical Method MMS-43/64: Determination of chlorinated pesticide residues in water, soils, crops and animal products. Oct. 12 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, D. K. R., D. Chisholm, and C. J. S. Fox: Insecticide residues in potatoes and soil after consecutive soil treatments of aldrin and heptachlor. Can. J. Plant Sci. 45, 72 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taschenberg, E. F., G. L. Mack, and F. L. Gambrell: DDT and copper residues in a vineyard soil. J. Agr. Food Chem. 9, 207 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teasley, J. I., and W. S. Cox: Methods for extracting insecticides from soil. J. Agr. Food. Chem. 14, 519 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terriere, L. C., and D. W. Ingalsbe: Translocation and residual action of soil insecticides. J. Econ. Entomol. 46, 751 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornburg, W. W.: Extraction and cleanup procedures. In Zweig, G. (ed.): Analytical methods for pesticides, plant growth regulators, and food additives, Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornburg, W. W.: Preparation and extraction of samples prior to pesticide residue analysis. J. Assoc. Official Agr. Chemists 48, 1023 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Middelem, C. H.: Principles of residue analysis. In Zweig, G. (ed.): Analytical methods for pesticides, plant growth regulators, and food additives, Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wen-Hsiung Ko: Accumulation of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides by microorganisms in soil. Phytopathol. 57, 817 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheatley, G. A.: The persistence, accumulation and behaviour of organo- chlorine insecticides in soil. Proc. XII Internat. Congress Entomol., London, p. 556 (1965 a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheatley, G. A.: The assessment and persistence of residue of organochlorine insecticides in soils and their uptake by crops. Ann. Applied Biol. 55, 325 (1965 b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wheatley, G. A., and J. A. Hardman: The bioassay of residues of insecticides in soil. Ann. Applied Biol. 48, 423 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wheatley, G. A., Residues of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in some farm soils in England. Plant Pathol. 11, 817 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, W. B., and D. E. H. Frear: Extraction of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides from plant materials. Residue Reviews 16, 86 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, A. T. S., D. C. Finlayson, and H. V. Morley: Toxic residues in soil 9 years after treatment with aldrin and heptachlor. Science 143, 681 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, I. H.: Note on the effect of water on Soxhlet extraction of some organochlorine insecticides from soil and comparison of this method with three others. J. Assoc. Official Anal. Chemists 51, 715 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wingo, C. W.: Persistence and degradation of dieldrin and heptachlor in soil and effect on plants. Univ. of Mo. Col. of Agr. Research Bull. 914, October (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodwell, G. M.: The persistence of DDT in a forest soil. Forest Science 7, 194 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yaron, B., A. R. Swoboda, and G. W. Thomas: Aldrin adsorption by soils and clays. J. Agr. Food Chem. 15: 671 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young, W. R., and W. A. Rawlins: The persistence of heptachlor in soils. J. Econ. Entomol. 51, 11 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yule, W. N., M. Chiba, and H. V. Morley: Fate of insecticide residues. The decomposition of lindane in soil. J. Agr. Food Chem. 15, 1000 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Mikio Chiba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Francis A. Gunther

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1969 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Chiba, M. (1969). Factors affecting the extraction of organochlorine insecticides from soil. In: Gunther, F.A. (eds) Residue Reviews/Rückstandsberichte. Residue Reviews/Rückstandsberichte, vol 30. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8458-2_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8458-2_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-8460-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8458-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation