Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genetics and Etiology of Human Cancer

  • Chapter
Advances in Human Genetics 8

Part of the book series: Advances in Human Genetics ((AHUG,volume 8))

Abstract

One of the highest national priorities that has been established for biomedical science in the United States is the control of cancer. Whether that control be achieved through prevention or through treatment, it will probably necessitate a better understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of cancer than is current. In the process of investigation we should also be aware of man’s mortality and the possibility that cancer is an intricate part of that larger, uncontrollable problem. To the extent that cancer is caused by spontaneous, time-dependent changes, such as may accumulate from somatic mutation, prevention is a cruel dream; to the extent that cancer is accelerated by controllable environmental agents, prevention is a realistic hope. Clearly, we need to have a firm understanding of the etiology of cancer and of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors involved therein.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aaronson, S. A., and Lytle, C. D., 1970, Decreased host cell reactivation of irradiated SV40 virus in xeroderma pigmentosum, Nature (London) 228:359.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ames, B. B., Sims, P., and Grover, P. L., 1972. Epoxides of carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons are frameshift mutagens, Science 176:47.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Anderson, D. E., 1970, Genetic varieties of neoplasia, in: Genetic Concepts and Neoplasia (The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston, 23rd Annual Symposium on Fundamental Cancer Research, 1959), pp. 85–109, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Anderson, D. E., 1971, Clinical characteristics of the genetic variety of cutaneous melanoma in man, Cancer 28:721.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Anderson, D. E., 1972, Inheritance of a genetic type of melanoma in man, in: Pigmentation: Its Genesis and Biologic Control (V. Riley, ed.), pp. 401–413, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Anderson, D. E., 1974, Genetic study of breast cancer: Identification of a high risk group, Cancer 34:1090.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Anderson, D. E., Taylor, W. B., Falls, H. F., and Davidson, R. T., 1967, The nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 19:12.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Arcadi, J. A., 1973, Testicular neoplasms in father and son, J. Urol. 110:306.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Arenson, E. B., Hutter, J. J., Restuccia, R. D., and Holton, C. P., 1976, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 235:727.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Armitage, P., and Doll, R., 1954, The age distribution of cancer and a multi-stage theory of carcinogenesis, Br. J. Cancer 8:1.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Armitage, P., and Doll, R., 1957, A two-stage theory of carcinogenesis in relation to the age distribution of human cancer, Br. J. Cancer 11:161.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Ashcraft, K. W., and Holder, T. M., 1974, Hereditary presacral teratoma, J. Pediat. Surg. 9:691.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Ashley, D. J. B., 1969, Colonic cancer arising in polyposis coli, J. Med. Genet. 6:376.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ashley, D. J. B., 1969, The two “hit” and multiple “hit” theories of carcinogenesis, Br. J. Cancer 23:313.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ashley, D. J. B., 1973, Origin of teratomas, Cancer 32:390.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Atkin, N. B., 1973, Y bodies and similar fluorescent chromosomes in human tumours including teratomata, Br. J. Cancer 27:183.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Atkin, N. B., 1974, Chromosomes in human malignant tumors: A review and assessment, in: Chromosomes and Cancer (J. German, ed.), pp. 375–422, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Atkins, F. L., Beaven, M. A., and Keiser, H. R., 1972, High DOPA decarboxylase activity in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Clin. Res. 20:884.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Auerbach, C., 1956, A possible case of delayed mutation in man. Ann. Hum. Genet. 20;266.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Awa, A. A., 1974, Cytogenetic and oncogenic effects of the ionizing radiations of the atomic bombs, in: Chromosomes and Cancer (J. German, ed.), pp. 637–674, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Axel, R., Gulati, S. C., and Spiegelman, S., 1972, Particles containing RNA-instructed DNA polymerase and virus-related RNA in human breast cancers, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 69:3133.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Baanders-van Halewijn, E. A., de Waard, F., Mastboom, J. L., Tonkes, W., and Meinsma, L., 1964, Konstitutionelle und erbliche Aspekte des Endometriumkarzinoms, Z. Geburtsh. Gynaekol. 161:77.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Baxt, W., Yates, J. W., Wallace, H. J., Holland, J. F., and Spiegelman, S., 1973, Leukemia-specific DNA sequences in leukocytes of the leukemic member of identical twins, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70:2629.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Berglund, S., 1972, Erythrocytosis associated with haemoglobin Malmö, accompanied by pulmonary changes, occurring in the same family, Scand. J. Haematol. 9:355.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Blattner, W. A., Strober, W., Muchmore, A. V., Blaese, R. M., Broder, S., and Fraumeni, J. F., 1976, Familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Immunologic and cellular characterization, Ann. Intern. Med. 84:554.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Bolande, R. P., and Towler, W. F., 1970, A possible relationship of neuroblastoma to von Recklinghausen’s disease, Cancer 26:162.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Bond, J. V., 1975, Bilateral Wilms’ tumour: Age at diagnosis, associated congenital anomalies, and possible pattern of inheritance, Lancet 2:482.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Bond, J. V., 1975, Bilateral Wilms’ tumour and urinary-tract anomalies, Lancet 2:721.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Bottomley, R. H., Trainer, A. L., and Condit, P. T., 1971, Chromosome studies in a “cancer family,” Cancer 28:519.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Bove, K. E., and McAdams, A. J., 1976, The nephroblastomatosis complex and its relationship to Wilms’ tumor: A clinico-pathologic treatise, in: Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Vol. 3 (H. S. Rosenberg and R. P. Bolande, eds.), Year Book Medical Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Boveri, T., 1914, Zur Frage der Entstehung Maligner Tumoren, p. 64, Gustav Fischer, Jena.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Brown, R. S., Colle, E., and Tashjian, A. H., 1975, The syndrome of multiple mucosal neuromas and medullary thyroid carcinoma in childhood, J. Pediat. 86: 77.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Buehler, S. K., Firme, F., Fodor, G., Fraser, G. R., Marshall, W. H., and Vaze, P., 1975, Common variable immunodeficiency, Hodgkin’s disease, and other malignancies in Newfoundland, Lancet 1:195.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Buell, P., 1973, Changing incidence of breast cancer in Japanese-American women, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51:1479.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Burch, P. R. J., 1962, A biologic principle and its converse: Some implications for carcinogenesis, Nature (London) 195:241.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Burnet, F. M., 1957, Cancer: A biological approach, Br. Med. J. 1:779, 841.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Butler, J. E., and Oskvig, R., 1974, Cancer, autoimmunity and IgA-deficiency related by a common antigen-antibody system, Nature (London) 249:830.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Cairns, J., 1975, Mutation selection and the natural history of cancer, Nature (London) 255:197.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital, 1974, N. Engl. J. Med. 291:1179.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Caspersson, T., Gahrton, G., Lindsten, J., and Zech, L., 1970, Identification of the Philadelphia chromosome as a number 22 by quinacrine mustard fluorescence analysis, Exp. Cell Res. 63:238.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Chabalko, J. J., Creagen, E. T., and Fraumeni, J. F., 1974, Epidemiology of selected sarcomas in children, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 53:675.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Chaganti, R. S. K., Schonberg, S., and German, J., 1974, A manyfold increase in sister chromatid exchanges in Bloom’s syndrome lymphocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:4508.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Chu, E. H. Y., Schmickei, R. D., Wade, M. H., Chang, C. C., and Trosco, J. E., 1975, Ultraviolet light sensitivity and defect in DNA repair in fibroblasts derived from two patients with Cockayne syndrome, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 27:26A.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Cleaver, J. E., 1968, Defective repair replication of DNA in xeroderma pigmentosum, Nature (London) 218:652.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Cleaver, J. E., 1969, Xeroderma pigmentosum: A human disease in which an initial stage of DNA repair is defective, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 63:428.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Cleaver, J. E., 1973, DNA repair with purines and pyrimidines in radiation- and carcinogen-damaged normal and xeroderma pigmentosum human cells, Cancer Res. 33:362.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Clemençon, J.-C., 1973, Rencontre simultanée, dans une famille, de lymphomes malins, d’agammaglobulinémie et d’hémophilie A, J. Genet. Hum. 21:85.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Cohen, M. M., and Shaw, M. W., 1964, Two XY siblings with gonadal dysgenesis and a female phenotype, N. Engl. J. Med. 272:1083.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Cohen, M. M., Kohn, G., and Dagan, J., 1973, Chromosomes in ataxia-telangiectasia, Lancet 2:1500.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Cook, K., Friedberg, E. C., and Cleaver, J. E., 1975, Excision of thymine dimers from specifically incised DNA by extracts of xeroderma pigmentosum cells, Nature (London) 256:235.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Cooper, H. E., Spellacy, W. N., Prem, K. A., and Cohen, W. D., 1968, Hereditary factors in the Stein-Leventhal syndrome, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 100:371.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Cooper, M. D., Faulk, W. P., Fudenberg, H. H., Good, R. A., Hitzig, W., Kunkel, H., Rosen, F. S., Seiigmann, M., Soothill, J., and Wedgwood, R. J., 1973, Classification of primary immunodeficiencies, N. Engl. J. Med. 288:966.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Creagen, E. T., and Fraumeni, J. F., 1973, Familial gastric cancer and immunologic abnormalities, Cancer 32:1325.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Croce, C. M., and Koprowski, H., 1975, Assignment of gene(s) for cell transformation to human chromosome 7 carrying the simian virus 40 genome, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:1658.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Cruze, K., Clarke, J. S., and Farra, S. E., 1961, Familial aspects of gastric adenocarcinoma: Report of 13 patients, Am. J. Dig. Dis. New Series 6:7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Danes, B. S., 1975, The Gardner syndrome: A study in cell culture, Cancer 36:2327.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Danes, B. S., 1976, The Gardner syndrome: Increased tetraploidy in cultured skin fibroblast, J. Med. Genet. 13:52.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Day, R. S., 1975, Xeroderma pigmentosum variants have decreased repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA, Nature (London) 253:748.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Deschner, E. E., and Lipkin, M., 1970, Study of human rectal epithelial cells in vitro. III. RNA, protein and DNA synthesis in polyps and adjacent mucosa, J. Natl. Cancer. Inst. 44:175.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Deschner, E. E., and Lipkin, M., 1975, Proliferative patterns in colonic mucosa in familial polyposis, Cancer 35:413.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Djernes, B. W., Soukop, S. W., Bove, K. E., and Wong, K. Y., 1976, Congenital leukemia associated with mosaic trisomy 9, J. Pediat. 88:596.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Doll, R., 1971, Cancer and aging: The epidemiologic evidence, in: Tenth International Cancer Congress: Opening and Closing Ceremonies, Rapporteur Reports, and the Harold Dorn Memorial Lecture, pp. 133–160, Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Driessen, A. P. P. M., and Scherpenisse, L. A., 1970, Familiar voorkomende diffuse interstitiële longfibrose gecompliceerd door alveolaire-cellcarcinoom, Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 114:2041.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Dunn, H. G., Meuwissen, H., Livingstone, C. S., and Pump, K. K., 1964, Ataxia-telangiectasia, Can. Med. Assoc. J. 92:1106.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Epstein, J., Williams, J. R., and Little, J. B., 1973, Deficient DNA repair in human progeroid cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70:977.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Epstein, L. I., Bixler, D., and Bennett, J. E., 1970, An incident of familial cancer: Including 3 cases of osteogenic sarcoma, Cancer 25:889.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Eriksson, S., 1965, Studies in α1-antitrypsin deficiency, Acta Med. Scand. Suppl. 432:1.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Eriksson, S., and Hägerstrand, I., 1974, Cirrhosis and malignant hepatoma in α 1 -antitrypsin deficiency, Acta Med. Scand. 195:451.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Escobar, V., and Bixler, D., 1976, Familial reticulum cell sarcoma, in: Cancer and Genetics, Birth Defects Original Article Series, Vol. 12, No. 1 (D. Bergsma, ed.), pp. 151–158, The National Foundation-March of Dimes, Alan R. Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Evans, H. J., 1974, Effects of ionizing radiation on mammalian chromosomes, in: Chromosomes and Cancer (J. German, ed.), pp. 191–237, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Everson, R. B., Li, F. P., Fraumeni, J. F., Fishman, J., Wilson, R. E., Stout, D., and Norris, H. J., 1976, Familial male breast cancer, Lancet 1:9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Falletta, J. M., Starling, K. A., and Fernbach, D. J., 1973, Leukemia in twins, Pediatrics 52:846.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Ferguson, S. W., and Lynn, T. N., 1970, Familial leukemia: A report of 4 cases of acute leukemia in 4 consecutive generations, South.-Med. J. 63:1337.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Fetterly, J. C. M., 1975, Malignant tumours in father and son, Can. Med. Assoc. J. 113:92.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Fialkow, P. J., 1972, Use of genetic markers to study cellular origin and development of tumors in human females, Adv. Cancer Res. 15:191.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Fialkow, P. J., Klein, G., and Clifford, P., 1972, Second malignant clone underlying a Burkitt-tumour exacerbation, Lancet 2:629.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Fialkow, P. J., Klein, G., Gartler, S. M., and Clifford, P., 1970, Clonal origin for individual Burkitt tumours, Lancet 1:384.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Fialkow, P. J., Sagebiel, R. W., Gartler, S. M., and Rimoin, D. L., 1971, Multiple cell origin of hereditary neurofibromas, N. Engl. J. Med. 284:298.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Fialkow, P. J., Thomas, E. D., Bryant, J. E., and Nieman, P. E., 1971, Leukaemic transformation of engrafted human marrow cells in vivo, Lancet 1:251.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Fisher, J. C., 1958, Multiple-mutation theory of carcinogenesis, Nature (London) 181:651.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Fisher, J. C., and Holloman, J. H., 1951, A hypothesis for the origin of cancer foci, Cancer 4:916.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Fitzgerald, P. H., Pickering, A. F., and Elby, J. R., 1971, Clonal origin of the Philadelphia chromosome and chronic myeloid leukemia: Evidence from a sex chromosome mosaic, Br. J. Haematol. 21:473.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Ford, J. H., Pittman, S. M., Singh, S., Wass, E. J., Vincent, P. D., and Gunz, F. W., 1975, Cytogenetic basis of acute myeloid leukemia, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 55:761.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Frasier, S. D., Bashore, R. A., and Mosier, H. D., 1964, Gonadoblastoma associated with pure gonadal dysgenesis in monozygous twins, J. Pediat. 64:740.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Fraumeni, J. F., 1974, Family studies in Hodgkin’s disease, Cancer Res. 34:1164.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Fraumeni, J. F., 1975, Bone cancer: Epidemiologic and etiologic considerations, Front. Radiat. Ther. Oncol. 10:17.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Fraumeni, J. F., and Thomas, L. B., 1969, Malignant bladder tumors in a man and his three sons, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 201:507.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Fraumeni, J. F., Li, F. P., and Dalager, N., 1973, Teratomas in children: Epidemiologic features, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51:1425.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Fraumeni, J. F., Vogel, C. L., and De Vita, V. T., 1969, Familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Ann. Intern. Med. 71:279.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Fraumeni, J. F., Grundy, G. W., Creagen, E. T., and Everson, R. B., 1975, Six families prone to ovarian cancer, Cancer 36:364.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Fraumeni, J. F., Wertelecki, W., Blattner, W. A., Jensen, R. D., and Leventhal, B. G., 1975, Varied manifestations of a familial lymphoproliferative disorder, Am. J. Med. 59:145.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Friedman, J. M., and Fialkow, P. J., 1976, Carcinoma of the pancreas in four brothers, in: Cancer and Genetics, Birth Defects Original Article Series, Vol. 12, No. 1 (D. Bergsma, ed.), pp. 145–150, The National Foundation-March of Dimes, Alan R. Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Fujiwara, Y., and Tatsumi, M., 1975, Repair of mitomycin C damage to DNA in mammalian cells and its impairment in Fanconi’s anemia cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 66:592.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Fukuhara, S., Shirakawa, S., and Uchino, H., 1976, Specific marker chromosome 14 in malignant lymphomas, Nature (London) 259:210.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Gainer, J. V., Chou, S. M., and Chadduck, W. M., 1975, Familial cerebral sarcomas, Arch. Neurol. 32:665.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Gambill, E. E., 1971, Pancreatitis associated with pancreatic carcinoma: A study of 26 cases, Mayo Clin. Proc. 46:174.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Gardner, E. J., and Richards, R. C., 1953, Multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions occurring simultaneously with hereditary polyposis and osteomatosis, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 5:139.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Gartler, S. M., 1974, Utilization of mosaic systems in the study of the origin and progression of tumors, in: Chromosomes and Cancer (J. German, ed.), pp. 313–334, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Gatti, R. A., and Good, R. A., 1971, Occurrence of malignancy in immunodeficiency diseases; a literature review, Cancer 28:89.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Gentry, W. C., Eskritt, N. R., and Gorlin, R. J., 1974, Multiple hamartoma syndrome (Cowden disease), Arch. Dermatol. 109:521.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. German, J., 1964, Cytological evidence for crossing over in vitro in human lymphoid cells, Science 144:298.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. German, J., 1972, Genes which increase chromosomal instability in somatic cells and predispose to cancer, Prog. Med. Genet. 8:61.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. German, J., 1974, Bloom’s syndrome. II. The prototype of human genetic disorders predisposing to chromosome instability and cancer, in: Chromosomes and Cancer (J. German, ed.), pp. 601–617, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  104. German, J. (ed.), 1974, Chromosomes and Cancer 756 pp., Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  105. German, J., Archibald, R., and Bloom, D., 1965, Chromosomal breakage in a rare and probably genetically determined syndrome of man, Science 148:506.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. German, J., Gilleran, T., La Rock, and Regan, J. D., 1970, Mutant clones amid normal cells in cultures of xeroderma pigmentosum cells, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2:10A.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Goldsmith, C. I., and Hart, W. R., 1975, Ataxia-telangiectasia with ovarian gonado-blastoma and contralateral dysgerminoma, Cancer 36:1838.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Gorlin, R. J., Sedano, H. O., Vickers, R. A., and Červenka, J., 1968, Multiple mucosal neuromas, pheochromocytoma and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid—a syndrome, Cancer 22:293.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Griepentrog, F., and Pauly, H., 1957, Intra- und extrakranielle, frĂĽhmanifeste Medulloblastome bei erbgleichen Zwillingen, Zentralbl. Neurochir. 17:129.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Griffin, J. P., Hughes, G. V., and Peeling, W. B., 1967, A survey of the familial incidence of adenocarcinoma of the kidney, Br. J. Urol. 39:63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. De Grouchy, J., de Nava, C. Bilski-Pasquier, G., Zittoun, R., and Bernadou, A., 1967, Endoreduplication sélective d’un chromosome surnuméraire dans un cas de myélome multiple (maladie de Kahler), Ann. Genet. 10:43.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Gulley, R. M., Kowalski, R., and Neuhoff, C. F., 1974, Familial occurrence of testicular neoplasma: A case report, J. Urol. 122:620.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Gunz, F. W., Gunz, J. P., Veale, A. M. O., Chapman, C. J., and Houston, I. B., 1975, Familial leukaemia: A study of 909 families, Scand. J. Haematol. 15:117.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Hand, R., and German, J., 1975, A retarded rate of DNA chain growth in Bloom’s syndrome, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:758.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Hardmeier, T., and Rellstab, H., 1975, Family studies in cases with malignant lymphomas, Acta Neuropathol. Suppl. 6:205.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Harnden, D. G., 1974, Ataxia telangiectasia syndrome: Cytogenetic and cancer aspects, in: Chromosomes and Cancer (J. German, ed.), pp. 619–636, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Harper, P. S., 1975, Genetic problems in tumours of the gastrointestinal tract, Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. 105:564.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Harper, P. S., Harper, R. M. J., and Howel-Evans, A. W., 1970, Carcinoma of the oesophagus with tylosis, Quart. J. Med. 39:317.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Harris, C. C., Primack, A., and Cohen, M. H., 1974, Elevated alpha-antritrypsin serum levels in lung cancer patients, Cancer 34:280.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Hart, M. N., and Earle, K. M., 1973, Primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the brain in children, Cancer 32:890.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Hauser, I. J., and Weiler, C. V., 1936, Further report on cancer family of Warthin, Am. J. Cancer 27:434.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Hecht, F., McCaw, B. K., and Koler, R. D., 1973, Ataxia-telangiectasia—Clonal growth of translocation lymphocytes, N. Engl. J. Med. 289:286.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Hecht, F., Koler, R. D., Rigas, D. A., Dahnke, G. S., Case, M. P., Tisdale, V., and Miller, R. W., 1966, Leukaemia and lymphocytes in ataxia-telangiectasia, Lancet 2:1193.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Herrmann, J., 1976, Delayed mutations as a cause of retinoblastoma: application to genetic counseling, in: Cancer and Genetics, Birth Defects Original Article Series, Vol. 12, No. 1, (D. Bergsma, ed.), pp. 79–90, The National Foundation-March of Dimes, Alan R. Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Higurashi, M., and Conen, P. E., 1973, In vitro chromosomal radiosensitivity in “chromosomal breakage syndromes,” Cancer 32:380.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Hirschhorn, K., 1968, Cytogenetic alteration in leukemia, in: Perspectives in Leukemia (W. Dameshek and L. Dutcher, ed.), Grune and Stratton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Hoover, R., and Fraumeni, J. F., 1973, Risk of cancer in renal-transplant recipients, Lancet 2:55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Hoppe, H.-J., 1952, Diskordantes Auftreten von Hirntumoren bei erbgleichen Zwillingen, Zentralbl. Neurochir. 12:34.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Horton, W. A., 1976, Genetics of central nervous system tumors, in: Cancer and Genetics, Birth Defects Original Article Series, Vol. 12, No. 1 (D. Bergsma, ed.), pp. 91–97, The National Foundation-March of Dimes, Alan R. Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Huberman, E., Aspiras, L., Heidelberger, C., Grover, P. L., and Sims, P., 1971, Mutagenicity to mammalian cells of epoxides and other derivatives of polycyclic hydrocarbons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68:3195.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Illmensee, K., and Mintz, B., 1976, Totipotency and normal differentiation of single teratocarcinoma cells closed by injection into blastocysts, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:549.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Jackson, C. E., and Boonstra, C. E., 1967, The relationship of hereditary hyperparathyroidism to endocrine adenomatosis, Am. J. Med. 43:727.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Jackson, R. L., and Dockerty, M. B., 1957, The Stein-Leventhal syndrome: Analysis of 43 cases with special reference to association with endometrial carcinoma, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 73:161.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Jackson, S. M., 1967, Ovarian dysgerminoma in three generations? J. Med. Genet. 4:112.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Jaenisch, R., 1976, Germ line integration and Mendelian transmission of the exogenous Moloney leukemia virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:1260.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Jaffe, N., Cassady, J. R., Filler, R. M., Petersen, R., Traggis, D., 1975, Heterochromia and Horner syndrome associated with cervical and mediastinal neuroblastoma, J. Pediat. 87:75.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Jensen, R. D., and Miller, R. W., 1971, Retinoblastoma—Epidemiologic characteristics, N. Engl. J. Med. 285:307.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Jensen, R. D., Norris, H. J., and Fraumeni, J. F., 1974, Familial arrhenoblastoma and thyroid adenoma, Cancer 33:218.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Juberg, R. C., St. Martin, E. C., and Hundley, J. R., Familial occurrence of Wilms’s tumor: Nephroblastoma in one of monozygous twins and in another sibling, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 27:155.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Kaplan, E. L., Peskin, G. W., and Arnaud, C. D., 1969, Nonsteroid, calcitonin-like factor from the adrenal gland, Surgery 66:167.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Kellermann, G., Shaw, C. R., and Luyten-Kellermann, M., 1973, Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility and bronchogenic carcinoma, N. Engl. J. Med. 289:934.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Kersey, J. H., Spector, B.D., and Good, R. A., 1973, Primary immunodeficiency diseases and cancer: The Immunodeficiency Cancer Registry, Int. J. Cancer 12:333.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Khairi, R. A., Dexter, R. N., Burzynski, N. J., and Johnston, C. C., 1975, Mucosal neuroma, pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 3, Medicine 54:89.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Kitchin, F. D., and Ellsworth, R. M., 1974, Pleiotropc effects of the gene for retinoblastoma, J. Med. Genet. 11:244.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Klein, H., and Plöchl, E., 1974, Familiäres Neuroblastom der Nebennieren beim Neugeborenen, Munch. Med. Wochenschr. 116:1163.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Knudson, A. G., 1971, Mutation and cancer: Statistical study of retinoblastoma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68:820.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Knudson, A. G., 1973, Mutation and human cancer, Adv. Cancer Res. 17:317.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Knudson, A. G., 1974, Heredity and human cancer, Am. J. Pathol. 77:77.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Knudson, A. G., 1976, Genetics and the etiology of childhood cancer, Pediat. Res. 10:513.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Knudson, A. G., 1976, Genetic susceptibility to cancer, in: Proceedings of the Eleventh Canadian Cancer Research Conference, Toronto, Ontario, 6–8 May 1976, pp. 93–103.

    Google Scholar 

  151. Knudson, A. G., 1977, Genetic and environmental interactions in the origin of human cancer, in: The Genetics of Human Cancer (J. Mulvihill, ed.), in press.

    Google Scholar 

  152. Knudson, A. G., 1977, Mutagenesis and embryonal carcinogenesis, Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  153. Knudson, A. G., and Amromin, G. D., 1966, Neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma in a child with multiple neurofibromatosis, Cancer 19:1032.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. Knudson, A. G., and Meadows, A. T., 1976, Developmental genetics of neuroblastoma, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 57:675.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. Knudson, A. G., and Strong, L. C., 1972, Mutation and cancer: Neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 24:514.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Knudson, A. G., and Strong, L. C., 1972, Mutation and cancer: A model for Wilms’ tumor of the kidney, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 48:313.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Knudson, A. G., and Strong, L. C., 1975, Familial Wilms’ tumor, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 27:809.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Knudson, A. G., Hethcote, H. W., and Brown, B. W., 1975, Mutation and childhood cancer: A probabilistic model for the incidence of retinoblastoma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:5116.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  159. Knudson, A. G., Strong, L. C., and Anderson, D. E., 1973, Heredity and cancer in man, Prog. Med. Genet. 9:113.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Knudson, A. G., Meadows, A. T., Nichols, W. W., and Hill, R., 1976, Chromosomal deletion and retinoblastoma, N. Engl. J. Med. 295:1120.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Koch, B., 1965, Familial fibrocystic pulmonary dysplasia: Observations in one family, Can. Med. Assoc. J. 92:801.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Kraemer, K. H., Coon, H. G., Petinga, R. A., Barrett, S. F., Rahe, A. E., and Robbins, J. H., 1975, Genetic heterogeneity in xeroderma pigmentosum: Complementation groups and their relationship to DNA repair rates, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:59.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Ladda, R., Atkins, L., Littlefield, J., and Pruett, R., 1973, Retinoblastoma: Chromosome banding in patients with heritable tumour, Lancet 2:506.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Ladda, R., Atkins, L., Littlefield, J., Neurath, P., and Marimuthu, K. M., 1974, Computer-assisted analysis of chromosomal abnormalities: Detection of a deletion in aniridia/Wilms’ tumor syndrome, Science 185:784.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  165. Latt, S. A., Stetten, G., Juergens, L. A., Buchanan, G. R., and Gerald, P. S., 1975, Induction by alkylating agents of sister chromatid exchanges and chromatid breaks in Fanconi’s anemia, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:4066.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Lefevre, R. E., Levin, H. S., Banowsky, L. H., Straffon, R. A., Stewart, B. H., and Hewitt, C. B., 1975, Bilateral testicular tumors of germ cell origin, J. Urol. 114:556.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  167. Lehmann, A. R., Kirk-Bell, S., Arlett, C. F., Paterson, M. C., Lohman, P. H. M., de Weerd-Kastelein, E. A., and Bootsma, D., 1975, Xeroderma pigmentosum cells with normal levels of excision repair have a defect in DNA synthesis after UV-irradiation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 72:219.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  168. Lejeune, J., Berger, R., and Rethore, M.-P., 1966, Sur l’endoré-duplication sélective de certains segments du gênome, C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 263:1880.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Lejeune, J., Berger, R., Haines, M., Lafourcade, J., Vialatte, J., Satge, P., and Turpin, R., 1963, Constitution d’un clone à 54 chromosomes au cours d’une leucoblastose chez une enfant mongolienne, C.R. Acad. Sei. (Paris) 256:1195.

    Google Scholar 

  170. Levey, S., and Grabstald, H., 1975, Synchronous testicular tumors in identical twins, Urology 6:754.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. Lewis, A. C. W., and Davison, B. C. C., 1969, Familial ovarian cancer, Lancet 2:235.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  172. Li, F. P., and Fraumeni, J. F., 1969, Rhabdomyosarcoma in children: Epidemiologic study and identification of a family cancer syndrome, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 43:1365.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. Li, F. P., and Fraumeni, J. F., 1969, Soft-tissue sarcomas, breast cancer, and other neoplasms: A familial syndrome? Ann. Intern. Med. 71:747.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  174. Li, F. P., and Fraumeni, J. F., 1975, Familial breast cancer, soft-tissue sarcomas, and other neoplasms, Ann. Intern. Med. 83:833.

    Google Scholar 

  175. Liber, A. F., 1950, Ovarian cancer in mother and five daughters, Arch. Pathol. 49:280.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Linder, D., and Gartler, S. M., 1965, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mosaicism: Utilization as a cell marker in the study of leiomyomas, Science 150:67.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  177. Linder, D., McCaw, B. K., and Hecht, F., 1975, Parthenogenic origin of benign ovarian teratomas, N. Engl. J. Med. 292:63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  178. Linder, D., Hecht, F., McCaw, B. K., and Campbell, J. R., 1975, Origin of extragonadal teratomas and endodermal sinus tumors, Nature (London) 254:597.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Lynch, H. T., 1974, Familial cancer prevalence spanning eight years, Family N., Arch. Intern. Med. 134:931.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  180. Lynch, H. T., and Kaplan, A. R., 1974, Cancer concordance and the hypothesis of autosomal dominant transmission of cancer diathesis in a remarkable kindred, Oncology 30:210.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  181. Lynch, H. T., and Krush, A. J., 1967, Heredity and adenocarcinoma of the colon, Gastroenterology 53:517.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  182. Lynch, H. T., and Krush, A. J., 1971, Cancer family “G” revisited, 1895–1970, Cancer 27:1505.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  183. Lynch, H. T., Krush, A. J., Harlan, W. L., and Sharp, E. A., 1973, Association of soft tissue sarcoma, leukemia, and brain tumors in families affected with breast cancer, Am. Surg. 39:199.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  184. Lynch, H. T., Krush, A. J., Larsen, A. L., and Magnuson, C. W., 1966, Endometrial carcinoma: Multiple primary malignancies, constitutional factors, and heredity, Am. J. Med. Sci. 252:381.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  185. Lynch, H. T., Krush, A. J., Mulcahy, G. M., and Reed, W. B., 1974, Familial occurrences of a variety of premalignant diseases and uncommon malignant neoplasms, Cancer 33:1474.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  186. Lynch, H. T., Larsen, A. L., Magnuson, C. W., and Krush, A. J., 1966, Prostate carcinoma and multiple primary malignancies: Study of a family and 109 consecutive prostate cancer patients, Cancer 19:1891.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  187. Lynch, H. T., Krush, A. J., Lemon, H. M., Kaplan, A. R., Condit, P. T., and Bottomley, R. H., 1972, Tumor variation in families with breast cancer, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 222:1631.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Lynch, H. T., Guirgis, H. A., Albert, S., Brennan, M., Lynch, J., Kraft, C., Pocekay, D., Vaughns, C., and Kaplan, A., 1974, Familial association of carcinoma of the breast and ovary, Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 138:717.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  189. MacDermott, R. P., and Kramer, P., 1973, Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas in four siblings, Gastroenterology 65:137.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  190. Macklin, M. T., 1960, A study of retinoblastoma in Ohio, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 12:1.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  191. MacMahon, B., and Levy, M. A., 1964, Prenatal origin of childhood leukemia: Evidence from twins, N. Engl. J. Med. 270:1082.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  192. MacMahon, B., Cole, P., and Brown, J., 1973, Etiology of human breast cancer: A review, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 50:21.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  193. Maher, V. M., Miller, E. C., Miller, J. A., and Szybalski, W., 1968, Mutations and decreases in density of transforming DNA produced by derivatives of the carcinogens 2-acetylaminofluorene and iV-methyl-4-aminobenzene, Mol. Pharmacol. 4:411.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  194. Maher, V. M., Ouellette, L. M., Curren, R. D., and McCormick, J. J., 1976, Frequency of ultraviolet light-induced mutations is higher in xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells than in normal human cells, Nature (London) 261:593.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Maldonado, J. E., and Kyle, R. A., 1974, Familial myeloma: Report of eight families and a study of serum proteins in their relatives, Am. J. Med. 57:875.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  196. Manolov, G., and Manolova, Y., 1972, Marker band in one chromosome 14 from Burkitt lymphomas, Nature (London) 237:33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Marger, D., Urdaneta, N., and Fischer, J. J., 1975, Breast cancer in brothers: Case reports and a review of 30 cases of male breast cancer, Cancer 36:458.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  198. Mark, J., 1974, The human meningioma: A benign tumor with specific chromosome characteristics, in: Chromosomes and Cancer (J. German, ed.), pp. 497–517, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  199. Marks, A. D., and Channick, B. J., 1974, Extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma with pheochromocytoma, Arch. Intern. Med. 134:1106.

    Google Scholar 

  200. Martin, G. M., Sprague, C. A., and Epstein, C. J., 1970, Replicative life-span of cultivated human cells, J. Lab. Invest. 23:86.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Martineau, M., 1969, Chromosomes in testicular tumors, J. Pathol. 99:271.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  202. McCaw, B. K., Hecht, F., Harnden, D. G., and Teplitz, R. L., 1975, Somatic rearrangement of chromosome 14 in human lymphocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:2071.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  203. McCrann, D. J., Marchant, D. J., and Bardawil, W. A., 1974, Ovarian carcinoma in three teen-age siblings, Obstet. Gynecol. 43:132.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  204. McKusick, V. A., 1962, Genetic factors in intestinal polyposis, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 182:271.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. McKusick, V. A., 1974, Genetics and large bowel cancer, Digest. Dis. 19:954.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. McKusick, V. A., and Fisher, A. M., 1958, Congenital cystic disease of the lung with progressive pulmonary fibrosis and carcinomatosis, Ann. Intern. Med. 48:774.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  207. Meadows, A. T., and Knudson, A. G., 1976, Heterochromia and neuroblastoma, J. Pediat. 88:168.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  208. Meadows, A. T., Lichtenfeld, L. J., and Koop, C. E., 1974, Wilms’s tumor in three children of a woman with congenital hemihypertrophy, N. Engl. J. Med. 291:23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  209. Meijers, K. A. E., deLeeuw, B., and Voormolen-Kálova, M., 1973, The multiple occurrence of myeloma and asymptomatic paraproteineimia within one family, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 12:185.

    Google Scholar 

  210. Metzel, E., 1964, Betrachungen zur Genetik der familiären Gliome, Acta Genet. Med. Gemellol. (Roma) 13:124.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Miller, R. W., 1971, Deaths from childhood leukemia and solid tumors among twins and other sibs in the United States, 1960–1967, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 46:203.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  212. Miller, R. W., Fraumeni, J. F., and Manning, M. D., 1964, Association of Wilms’s tumor with aniridia, hemihypertrophy and other congenital malformations, N. Engl. J. Med. 270:922.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  213. Mintz, B., and Illmensee, K., 1975, Normal genetically mosaic mice produced from malignant teratocarcinoma ceils, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:3585.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  214. Misugi, K., and Liss, L., 1970, Medulloblastoma with cross-striated muscle: A fine structural study, Cancer 25:1279.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  215. Mitelman, F., Levan, G., and Brandt, L., 1975, Highly malignant cells with normal karyotype in G-banding, Hereditas 80:291.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  216. Moore, M. A. S., Ekert, H., Fitzgerald, M. G., and Carmichael, A., 1974, Evidence for the clonal origin of chronic myeloid leukemia from a sex chromosome mosaic: Clinical, cytogenetic, and marrow culture studies, Blood 43:15.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  217. Muldal, S., and Lajtha, L. G., 1974, Chromosomes and leukemia, in: Chromosomes and Cancer (J. German, ed.), pp. 451–480, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  218. Mulvihill, J. J., 1976, Genetic factor in pulmonary neoplasms, in: Birth Defects, Cancer and Genetics (R. Schimke, ed.), pp. 99–111, National Foundation-March of Dimes, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  219. Mulvihill, J. J., Wade, W. M., and Miller, R. W., 1975, Gonadoblastoma in dysgenetic gonads with a Y chromosome, Lancet 1:863.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  220. Musa, M. B., 1975, Germ-cell malignant tumours in father and son, Can. Med. Assoc. J. 112:1201.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  221. Myers, G. H., and MacPherson, B. R., 1972, Histologically similar testicular neoplasms occurring in brothers, J. Urol. 108:757.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  222. Nagy, I., 1968, Zur Beobachtung von Bronchiakarzinomen bei drei BrĂĽdern, Prax. Pneumol. 22:718.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  223. Nebert, D. W., Felton, J. S., and Robinson, J. R., 1975, Genetic differences in susceptibility to cancer and toxicity caused by environmental chemicals, Proc. Eur. Soc. Toxicol. 16:82.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Neel, J. V., 1962, Mutations in the human population, in: Methodology in Human Genetics (W. J. Burdette, ed.), p. 208, Holden-Day, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  225. Neel, J. V., 1971, Familial factors in adenocarcinoma of the colon, Cancer 28:46.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  226. Niebuhr, E., and Ottosen, J., 1973, Ring chromosome D(13) associated with multiple congenital malfunctions, Ann. Genet. 16:157.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. Nordling, C. E., 1953, A new theory on the cancer-inducing mechanism, Br. J. Cancer 7:68.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  228. Nowell, P. C., 1974, Chromosome changes and the clonal evolution of cancer, in: Chromosomes and Cancer (J. German, ed.), pp. 267–285, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  229. Nowell, P. C., and Hungerford, D. A., 1960, Chromosome studies on normal and leukemic human leukocytes, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 25:85.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  230. Ohbayashi, A., Mayumi, M., and Okochi, K., 1971, Australia antigen in familial cirrhosis, Lancet 1:244.

    Google Scholar 

  231. Ohbayashi, A., Okochi, K., and Mayumi, M., 1972, Familial clustering of asymptomatic carriers of Australia antigen and patients with chronic liver disease or primary liver cancer, Gastroenterology 62:618.

    Google Scholar 

  232. Ohsato, K., Watanabe, H., Itoh, H., Yao, T., and Nishimura, M., 1974, Simultaneous occurrence of multiple gastric carcinomas and familial polyposis of the colon, Jap. J. Surg. 4:165.

    Google Scholar 

  233. Oxford, J. M., Harnden, D. G., Partington, J. M., and Delhanty, J. D. A., 1975, Specific chromosome aberrations in ataxia telangiectasia, J. Med. Genet. 12:251.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  234. Parrington, J. M., Delhanty, J. D. A., and Baden, H. P., 1971, Unscheduled DNA synthesis, u.v.-induced chromosome aberrations and SV40 transformation in cultured cells from xeroderma pigmentosum, Ann. Hum. Genet. 35:149.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  235. Paterson, M. C., Smith, B. P., Lohman, P. H. M., Anderson, A. K., and Fishman, L., 1976, Defective excision repair of X-ray damaged DNA in human (ataxia telangiectasia) fibroblasts, Nature (London) 260:444.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Pegelow, C. H., Ebbin, A. J, Powars, D., and Towners, J. W., 1975, Familial neuroblastoma, J. Pediat. 87:763.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  237. Pendergrass, T. W., 1976, Congenital anomalies in children with Wilms’ tumor: A new survey, Cancer 37:403.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  238. Pendergrass, T. W., Stoller, R. G., Mann, D. L., Halterman, R. H., and Fraumeni, J. F., 1975, Acute myelocytic leukaemia and leukaemia-associated antigens in sisters, Lancet 2:429.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  239. Penn, I., 1974, Chemical immunosuppression and human cancer, Cancer 34:1474.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  240. Philip, P., 1975, Marker chromosome 14q+ in multiple myeloma, Hereditas 80:155.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  241. Plattner, G., and Oxorn, H., 1973, Familial incidence of ovarian dermoid cysts, Can. Med. Assoc. J. 108:892.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  242. Plewes, J. L., and Jacobson, I., Familial frontonasal dermoid cysts: Report of four cases, J. Neurosurg. 34:683.

    Google Scholar 

  243. Poon, P. K., O’Brien, R. L., and Parker, J. W., 1974, Defective DNA repair in Fanconi’s anaemia, Nature (London) 250:223.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Potolsky, A. I., Heath, C. W., Buckley, C. E., and Rowlands, D. T., 1971, Lymphoreticular malignancies and immunologic abnormalities in a sibship, Am. J. Med. 50:42.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  245. Purtilo, D. T., Cassei, C. K., Yang, J. P. S., Harper, R., Stephenson, S. R., Landing, B. H., and Vawter, G. F., 1975, X-linked recessive progressive combined variable immunodeficiency (Duncan’s disease), Lancet 1:935.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  246. Rary, J. M., Bender, M. A., and Kelly, T. E., 1974, Cytogenetic studies of ataxia telangiectasia, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 26:70A.

    Google Scholar 

  247. Reddy, J. K., Schimke, R. N., Chang, C. H. J., Svoboda, D. J., Slaven, J., and Therou, L., 1972, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome—Wilms’ tumor, cardiac hamartoma, persistent visceromegaly, and glomeruloneogenesis in a 2-year-old boy, Arch. Pathol. 94:523.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  248. Reed, W. B., 1975, Congenital and genetic disorders associated with malignant and nonmalignant tumors, Arch. Dermatol. 111:525.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  249. Regan, J. D., and Setlow, R. B., 1974, Two forms of repair in the DNA of human cells damaged by chemical carcinogens and mutagens, Cancer Res. 34:3318.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  250. Riccardi, V. M., Humbert, J., and Peakman, D., 1975, Familial cancer, reciprocal translocation [t(7p;20p)] and trisomy 8, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 27:76A.

    Google Scholar 

  251. Rotkin, I. D., 1966, Further studies in cervical cancer inheritance, Cancer 19:1251.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  252. Rowley, J. D., 1973, A new consistent chromosomal abnormality in chronic myelogenous leukemia identified by quinacrine fluorescence and Giemsa staining, Nature (London) 243:290.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. Rowley, J. D., 1975, Nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities in hematologic disorders of man, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:152.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  254. Rubinstein, L. J., Herman, M. M., and Hanberg, J. W., 1974, The relationship between differentiating medulloblastoma and dedifferentiating diffuse cerebellar astrocytoma: Light, electron microscopic, tissue, and organ culture observations, Cancer 33:675.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  255. Sagerman, R. H., Cassady, J. R., Tretter, P., and Ellsworth, R. M., 1969, Radiation induced neoplasia following external beam therapy for children with retinoblastoma, Am. J. Roentgenol. 105:529.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. Sasaki, M. S., 1975, Is Fanconi’s anemia defective in a process essential to the repair of DNA crosslinks? Nature (London) 257:501.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. Sasaki, M. S., and Tonomura, A., 1973, A high susceptibility of Fanconi’s anemia to chromosome breakage by DNA cross-linking agents, Cancer Res. 33:1829.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  258. Schoenberg, B. S., Glista, G. G., and Reagan, T. J., 1975, The familial occurrence of glioma, Surg. Neurol. 3:139.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  259. Schroeder, T. M., and German, J., 1974, Bloom’s syndrome and Fanconi’s anemia: Demonstration of two distinctive patterns of chromosome disruption and rearrangement, Humangenetik 25:299.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  260. Schroeder, T. M., Anschütz, F., and Knopp, A., 1964, Spontane Chromosomaberrationen bei familiärer Panmyelopathie, Humangenetik 1:194.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  261. Schuler, D., Kiss, A., and Fábián, F., 1969, Chromosomal peculiarities and “m vitro” examinations in Fanconi’s anaemia, Humangenetik 7:314.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  262. Scotto, J., Fraumeni, J. F., and Lee, J. A. H., 1976, Melanomas of the eye and other noncutaneous sites: Epidemiologic aspects, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 56:489.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  263. Scully, R. E., 1953, Gonadoblastoma: A gonadal tumor related to the dysgerminoma (seminoma) and capable of sex-hormone production, Cancer 6:445.

    Google Scholar 

  264. Scully, R. E., 1970, Gonadoblastoma: A review of 74 cases, Cancer 25:1340.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  265. Sedzimir, C. B., Frazer, A. K., and Roberts, J. R., 1973, Cranial and spinal meningiomas in a pair of identical twin boys, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 36:368.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  266. Setlow, R. B., and Regan, J. D., 1972, Defective repair of iV-acetoxy-2-acetylamino-fluorene-induced lesions in the DNA of xeroderma pigmentosum cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 46:1019.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  267. Setlow, R. B., Regan, J. D., German, J., and Carrier, W. L., 1969, Evidence that xeroderma pigmentosum cells do not perform the first step in the repair of ultraviolet damage to their DNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 64:1035.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  268. Silber, S. J., Cittan, S., and Friedlander, G., 1972, Testicular neoplasms in father and son, J. Urol. 108:889.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  269. Sipple, J. H., 1961, The association of pheochromocytoma with carcinoma of the thyroid gland, Am. J. Med. 31:163.

    Google Scholar 

  270. Siurala, M., Varis, K., and Wiljasalo, M., 1966, Studies of patients with atrophic gastritis—A 10–15 year follow-up, Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1:40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  271. Snyder, A. L., Li, F. P., Henderson, E. S., and Todaro, G. J., 1970, Possible inherited leukaemogenic factors in familial acute myelogenous leukemia, Lancet 1:586.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  272. Spriggs, A. I., 1974, Cytogenetics of cancer and precancerous states of the cervix uteri, in: Chromosomes and Cancer (J. German, ed.), pp. 423–450, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  273. Steiner, A. L., Goodman, A. D., and Powers, S. R., 1968, Study of a kindred with pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, hyperparathyroidism, and Cush-ing’s disease: Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2, Medicine 47: 371.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  274. A. Stemper, T. J., Kent, T. H., and Summers, R. S., 1975, Juvenile polyposis and gastrointestinal carcinoma: A study of kindred, Ann. Intern. Med. 83:639.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  275. Sterioff, S., Rios, C. N., Zachary, J. B., and Williams, G. M., 1975, Neoplasia in kidney transplant recipients, Am. J. Surg. 130:622.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  276. Stevens, L. C., 1970, Experimental production of testicular teratomas in mice of strains 129, A/He, and their F1 hybrids, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 44:923.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  277. Stich, H. F., San, R. H. C., and Kawzoe, Y., 1973, Increased sensitivity of xeroderma pigmentosum cells to some chemical carcinogens and mutagens, Mutat. Res. 17:127.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  278. Stich, H. F., Stich, W., and Lam, P., 1974, Susceptibility of xeroderma pigmentosum cells to chromosome breakage by adenovirus type 12, Nature (London) 250:599.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  279. Strong, L. C., 1977, Theories of pathogenesis: Mutation and cancer, in: The Genetics of Human Cancer (J. Mulvihill, ed.), in press.

    Google Scholar 

  280. Strong, L. C., and Knudson, A. G., 1973, Second cancers in retinoblastoma, Lancet 2:1086.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  281. Sutherland, B. M., Rice, M., and Wagner, E. K., 1975, Xeroderma pigmentosum cells contain low levels of photoreactivating enzyme, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:103.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  282. Sutnick, I., London, W. T., and Blumberg, B. S., 1971, Australia antigen: A genetic basis for chronic liver disease and hepatoma? Ann. Intern. Med. 74:442.

    Google Scholar 

  283. Swaye, P., van Ordstrand, H. S., McCormack, L. J., and Wolpaw, S. E., 1969, Familial Hamman-Rich syndrome: Report of eight cases, Dis. Chest 55:7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  284. Swift, M., 1971, Fanconi’s anaemia in the genetics of neoplasia, Nature (London) 230:370.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. Swift, M., 1976, Malignant disease in heterozygous carriers, in: Cancer and Genetics, Birth Defects Original Article Series, Vol. 12, No. 1 (D. Bergsma, ed.), pp. 133–144, The National Foundation-March of Dimes, Alan R. Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  286. Swift, M., Sholman, L., Perry, M., and Chase, C., 1976, Malignant neoplasms in the families of patients with ataxia-telangiectasia, Cancer Res. 36:209.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  287. Talerman, A., 1971, Gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma in two siblings with dysgenetic gonads, Obstet. Gyecol. 38:416.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. Tanaka, K., Sekiguchi, M., and Okada, Y., 1975, Restoration of ultraviolet-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis of xeroderma pigmentosum cells by the concomitant treatment with bacteriophage T4 endonuclease V and HVJ (Sendai virus), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:4071.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  289. Taylor, A. M. R., Metcalfe, J. A., Oxford, J. M., and Harnden, D. G., 1976, Is chromatid-type damage in ataxia telangiectasia after irradiation at G0 a consequence of defective repair? Nature (London) 260:441.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  290. Taylor, A. M. R., Harnden, D. G., Arlett, C. F., Harcourt, S. A., Lehmann, A. R., Stevens, S., and Bridges, B. A., 1975, Ataxia telangiectasia: A human mutation with abnormal radiation sensitivity, Nature (London) 258:427.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  291. Teasdale, C., Forbes, J. F., and Baum, M., 1976, Familial male breast cancer, Lancet 1:360.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  292. Temin, H. M., 1976, The DNA provirus hypothesis: The establishment and implications of RNA-directed DNA synthesis, Science 192:1075.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  293. Thomas, E. D., Bryant, J. I., Buckner, C. D., Cliff, R. A., Fefer, A., Johnson, F. L., Neiman, P., Ramberg, R. E., and Storb, R., 1972, Leukaemic transformation of engrafted human marrow cells in vivo, Lancet 1:1310.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  294. Tischler, A. S., Dichter, M. A., Biales, B., DeLellis, R. A., and Wolfe, H., 1976, Neural properties of cultured human endocrine tumor cells of proposed neural crest origin, Science 192:902.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  295. Tokuhata, G. K., 1964, Familial factors in human lung cancer and smoking, Am. J. Public Health 54:24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  296. Tokuhata, G. K., and Lilienfeld, A. M., 1963, Familial aggregation of lung cancer among hospital patients, Public Health Rep. 78:277.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  297. Tokuhata, G. K., and Lilienfeld, A. M., 1963, Familial aggregation of lung cancer in humans, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 30:289.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  298. Tough, I. M., Court Brown, W. M., Baikie, A. G., Buckton, K. E., Harnden, D. G., Jacobs, P. A., and Williams, J. A., 1962, Chronic myeloid leukemia: Cytogenetic studies before and after splenic irradiation, Lancet 2:115.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  299. Trentini, G. P., and Palmieri, B., 1974, An unusual case of gonadic germinal tumor in a brother and sister, Cancer 33:250.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  300. Tyzzer, E. E., 1916, Tumor immunity, J. Cancer Res. 1:125.

    Google Scholar 

  301. Utsunomiya, J., and Nakamura, T., 1975, The occult osteomatous changes in the mandible in patients with familial polyposis coli, Br. J. Surg. 62:45.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  302. Utsunomiya, J., Maki, T., Iwama, T., Matsunaga, Y., Ichikawa, T., Shimomura, T., Hamaguchi, E., and Aoki, N., 1974, Gastric lesion of familial polyposis coli, Cancer 34:745.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  303. Vance, J. E., Stoll, R. W., Kitabchi, A. E., Buchanan, K. D., Hollander, D., and Williams, R. H., 1972, Familial nesidioblastosis as the predominant manifestation of multiple endocrine adenomatosis, Am. J. Med. 52:211.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  304. Varis, K., 1971, A family study of chronic gastritis: Histological, immunological and functional aspects, Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 6 :Suppl. 13:1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  305. Warthin, A. S., 1913, Heredity with reference to carcinoma: As shown by the study of the cases examined in the pathological laboratory of the University of Michigan, 1895–1913, Arch. Intern. Med. 12:546.

    Google Scholar 

  306. Warthin, A. S., 1925, Further study of a cancer family, J. Cancer Res. 9:279.

    Google Scholar 

  307. Weichert, R. F., 1970, The neuroectodermal origin of the peptide-secreting endocrine glands: A unifying concept for the etiology of multiple endocrine adenomatosis and the inappropriate secretion of peptide hormones by nonendocrine tumors, Am. J. Med. 49:232.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  308. Wermer, P., 1954, Genetic aspects of adenomatosis of endocrine glands, Am. J. Med. 16:363.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  309. Wertelecki, W., Fraumeni, J. F., and Mulvihill, J. J., 1970, Non-gonadal neoplasia in Turner’s syndrome, Cancer 26:485.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  310. Williams, E. D., and Pollock, D. J., 1966, Multiple mucosal neuromata with endocrine tumours: A syndrome allied to von Recklinghausen’s disease, J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 91:71.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  311. Willis, R. A., 1953, Pathology of Tumors, 2nd ed., pp. 557–558, Butterworth, London.

    Google Scholar 

  312. Witzleben, C. L., and Landy, R. A., 1974, Disseminated neuroblastoma in a child with von Recklinghausen’s disease, Cancer 34:786.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  313. Wolf, U., 1974, Theodor Boveri and his book On the Problem of The Origin of Malignant Tumors, in: Chromosomes and Cancer (J. German, ed.), pp. 3–20, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  314. Woolf, C. M., 1960, An investigation of the familial aspects of carcinoma of the prostate, Cancer 13:739.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  315. Woolf, C. M., and Isaacson, E. A., 1961, An analysis of 5 “stomach cancer families” in the State of Utah, Cancer 14:1005.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  316. Wurster-Hill, D. H., McIntyre, O. R., Cornweil, G. G., and Maurer, L. H., 1973, Marker-chromosome 14 in multiple myeloma and plasma-cell leukaemia, Lancet 2:1031.

    Google Scholar 

  317. Wynder, E. L., Mabuchi, K., and Whitmore, W. F., 1971, Epidemiology of cancer of the prostate, Cancer 28:344.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  318. Yamashita, J., Handa, H., and Toyama, M., 1975, Medulloblastoma in two brothers, Surg. Neurol. 4:225.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  319. Young, J. A., and Bohne, A. W., 1972, Seminoma in non-twin brothers: A case report, J. Urol. 107:1000.

    Google Scholar 

  320. Zang, K. D., and Zankl, H., 1975, “True” monosomy 22 in human meningiomas, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 27:96A.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA

    Alfred G. Knudson Jr.

Authors
  1. Alfred G. Knudson Jr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA

    Harry Harris (Harnwell Professor of Human Genetics) (Harnwell Professor of Human Genetics)

  2. Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The City University of New York, USA

    Kurt Hirschhorn (Arthur J. and Nellie Z. Cohen Professor of Genetics and Pediatrics) (Arthur J. and Nellie Z. Cohen Professor of Genetics and Pediatrics)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1977 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Knudson, A.G. (1977). Genetics and Etiology of Human Cancer. In: Harris, H., Hirschhorn, K. (eds) Advances in Human Genetics 8. Advances in Human Genetics, vol 8. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8267-0_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8267-0_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-8269-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8267-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation