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Biosynthesis of Vasopressin and Neurophysins

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Vasopressin

Abstract

Vasopressin (VP) is a product of magnocellular neurons in the anterior hypothalamus, most of which have axons that terminate in the neural lobe. The VP gene is also probably expressed by neurons in other brain loci (Caffe and Van Leeuwen, 1983; Sofroniew, 1983; Caffe et al., 1985), and by cells outside the central nervous system (CNS) (Lim et al., 1984; Nussey et al., 1984), but it has yet to be established that VP itself is the final secreted product of this expression. In hypothalamic neurons, VP is translated as a preprohormone that loses an N-ter-minal signal peptide and undergoes final glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus to form a prohormone. This prohormone is packaged into neurosecretory vesicles (NSV); during transport within these vesicles to axonal terminals, it is acted on by intravesicular enzymes that generate the active nonapeptide amide, a 10,000-M r protein called neurophysin, and a 39-amino acid glycopeptide. All three products are released into the peripheral circulation and have been immunologically identified in plasma (North et al., 1983a; Groesbeck et al., 1983). The nomenclature preproVP and pro VP is used in this text to denote preprohormone and prohormone. Distinct neurons in the hypothalamus produce oxytocin (OX), a peptide that is chemically and structurally similar to VP. In fact, it is highly likely that the OX and the VP genes are derived from a common ancestral gene—that VP and OX neurons share a common ancestral neuron (Sawyer, 1977). Therefore, not surprisingly, OX was found to be first translated as a preprohormone (prepro-oxytocin); this converted to a prohormone (pro-oxytocin). Pro-oxytocin undergoes enzymatic modification in the NSV of OX neurons to form oxytocin and a neurophysin (NP). However, through what is currently believed to have arisen as a base deletion or a base insertion in the OX gene, pro-oxytocin does not contain a moiety that will become a glycopeptide (Ivell and Richter, 1984). Since the neu-rophysins produced with each hormone are distinct molecules, they have been named vasopressin-associated neurophysin (VP-NP) and oxytocin-associated neurophysin (OX-NP) (North et al., 1911a).

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  1. Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03756, USA

    William G. North

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  1. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA

    Don Marshall Gash

  2. Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Gerard J. Boer

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North, W.G. (1987). Biosynthesis of Vasopressin and Neurophysins. In: Gash, D.M., Boer, G.J. (eds) Vasopressin. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8129-1_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8129-1_4

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