Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Gulf of Aden and Northwest Arabian Sea

  • Chapter
The Ocean Basins and Margins

Abstract

The area discussed in this chapter extends from Ras el Hadd along the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula to Bab el Mandab at the entrance of the Red Sea, and the Horn of Africa from its connection with the Red Sea to the eastern tip of the Socotra archipelago (Fig. 1). It thus covers the maritime regions of South Oman, Dhofar, and North and South Yemen in Arabia and parts of the Afar region of Ethiopia, Djibouti, and the maritime part of the Somali Republic, as well as the Socotra archipelago which forms, territorially, part of South Yemen on the African side. These regions bound the Gulf of Aden but also include that part of the Arabian Sea west of the Owen Fracture Zone (Fig. 1). The approximate limits lie between longitudes 40° to 60°E and are between latitudes 9° to 14°N in the western part of the region, and 12° to 23°N in the eastern part.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abdallah, A., Courtillot, V., Kasser, M., Le Dain, A. Y., Lépine, J. C., Robineau, B., Ruegg, J. C., Tapponier, P., and Tarantola, A., 1979, Relevance of Afar seismicity and volcanism to the mechanics of accreting plate boundaries, Nature, 282, p. 17–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Gawad, M. 1970, Interpretation satellite photography of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond, A 267, p. 23–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • AGIP-CNR (Agip Mineraria—Consiglio Nazionale della Ricerche) 1957–1959, Carta Geologica della Somalia et dell’ Ogaden, Scale 1:500,000, 8 sheets and 1 explanatory legend.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allan, T. D. 1970, Magnetic and gravity fields over the Red Sea, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 267, p. 153–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allemann, F. and Peters, T., 1972, The ophiolite-radiolarite belt of the North Oman Mountains, Eclogae Geol. Helv 65 (3), p. 657–697.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arthaud, F. and Choukroune, P., 1976, Mise en evidence d’une phase de compression a 3.5 M.A. separant deux episodes d’ouverture du rift oceanique de Tadjourah (T.F.A.I.), C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris D 283, p. 13–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • ASGA (Associations des Services Geologiques Africaines) 1958, Esquise Structurale Provisoire de l’Afrique Scale I: 10,000,000, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • ASGA (Associations des Services Geologique Africaines), 1968, Tectonic Map of Africa, Scale 1:15,000,000, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • ASGA-UNESCO (Associations des Services Geologiques Africaines-United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), 1959–1963, Geological Map of Africa Scale 1:5,000,000, Sheets 3 and 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Azzaroli, A., 1957, Missione Geologica in Migiurtinia, La Ricerca Scientifica 27 (2), p. 301–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Azzaroli, A., 1968, On the evolution of the Gulf of Aden, 23rd Intern. Geol. Cong. Report, Prague, 1, p. 25–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Azzaroli, A. and Merla G., 1960, Carta Geologica della Penisola Somalia Scale 1:4,000,000, Agip Mineraria—Consiglio Nazionale della Ricerche.

    Google Scholar 

  • Azzaroli, A. and Fois, V., 1964 [published 1970], Geological outlines of the northern end of the Horn of Africa, 22nd Intern. Geol. Cong. Report, India, 4, p. 292–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bannert, D. Von, Brinckmann, J., Kading K. Ch., Knetsch, G., Kursten, M. and Mayrhofer H., 1970, Zur geologie der Danakil-Senke, Geol. Rdsch. 59, p. 409–443.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barberi, F., Borsi, S., Ferrara, G., Marinelli, G., Santacroce, R., Tazieff, H., and Varet, J., 1972a, Evolution of the Danakil depression (Afar, Ethiopia) in light of radiometric age determinations, Jl. Geol. 80, p. 720–729.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barberi, F., Tazieff, H. and Varet, J., 1972b, Volcanism in the Afar depression: its tectonic and magmatic significance, Tectonophysics, 15, 19–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barberi, F., Chedeville, E., Faure, H., Giglia, G., Marinelli, G., Santacroce, R., Tazieff, H., Varet, J., 1973, Geology of Northern Afar (Ethiopia), (with Geological Map Scale 1:500,000), Revue Geographie Phys. Geologie Dynam, 15(4), p. 433–490 (To supplement CNRS/CNR Geological Map 1:500,000 published 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barberi, F., Bonati, E., Marinelli, G., and Varet, J., 1974, Transverse tectonics during the split of a continent: data from the Afar Rift, Tectonophysics, 23, p. 17–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barberi, F., Ferrara, G., Santacroce, R., and Varet, J., 1975, Structural evolution of the Afar triple junction, in: Afar Depression of Ethiopia, A. Pilger and A. Rosier, eds. Inter-Union Commission on Geodynamics Sc. Rep. 14, Vol. 1, Schweitzerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, p. 38–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barberi, F., and Varet, J., 1977, Volcanism in Afar: small scale plate tectonic implications, Geol. Soc. America Bull 88, p. 1251–1266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, P. F., 1966, A reconnaissance survey of the Murray Ridge, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 259, p. 187–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, S. U., 1976, Geology and oil prospects of Somalia, East Africa, American Assoc. Petrol. Geologists Bull 60, p. 389–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrington Brown, C., 1931, The geology of North Eastern British Somaliland, Quart. J., Geol. Soc. Lond 86, p. 264–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Basse, E., 1930, Contribution a l’étude du Jurassique superieur (facies corallien) en Éthiopie et en Arabie méridionale, Mem. Soc. Geol. Fr. (n. ser), 6, p. 105–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Basse, E., Karrenberg, H., Lehmann, J-P., Alloiteau, J., and Lefranc J-P, 1955, Fossiles du Jurassique superieur et des Grés du Nubie de la region de Sana (Yemen). Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. Ser. 6, 4 (7–9), p. 655–688.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beydoun, Z. R., 1964, The Stratigraphy and Structure of the Eastern Aden Protectorate, Overseas Geol. Miner Resour. Bull. Supp. 5, H.M.S.O., London, 107 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beydoun, Z. R., 1966, Eastern Aden Protectorate and part of Dhufar, in Geology of the Arabian Peninsula, Geol. Surv. Profess. Paper 560H, U.S. Geol. Surv., 49 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beydoun, Z. R., 1969, Note on the age of the Hadhramut Arch., Overseas Geol. Miner. Resour 10, p. 236–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beydoun, Z. R., 1970, Southern Arabia & Northern Somalia: Comparative geology, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 267, p. 267–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beydoun, Z. R. and Greenwood, J. E. G. W., 1968, Aden Protectorate and Dhufar, in: Lexique Stratigraphique International, Vol. 3 (Asie) L. Dubertret, ed. fasc. 10b2, Paris, C.N.R.S. 128 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beydoun, Z. R. And Bichan, H. R., 1970, The geology of Socotra Island, Gulf of Aden, Quart. J. Geol. Soc. Lond 125, p. 413–446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beydoun, Z. R. and Dunnington, H. V., 1975, The Petroleum Geology and Resources of the Middle East, Beaconsfield, Scientific Press, 99 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharji, S. and Koide, H. 1975, Mechanistic model for triple junction fracture geometry, Nature, 255, p. 21–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, R., 1973, Structure of the Afar floor (Ethiopia), in: Implications of Continental Drift on the Earth Sciences (D. H. Tarling and S. K. Runcorn, eds.), Vol. 2, Academic Press, p. 277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, R., Morton, W. H., and Hailu, T., 1974, Early structures around the Afar triple junction, Nature 248, p. 496–497.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blandford, W. T., 1869, On the geology of a portion of Abyssinia, Quart. J. Geol. Soc. Lond 25, 401–406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boucarut, M. and Clin, M., 1976, Conceptions nouvelles sur la relations Mér Rouge-Golfe d’Aden a partir du Territoire Français des Afars et Issas, C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris, D 282, p. 1145–1148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G. F., 1972, Tectonic Map of the Arabian Peninsula scale 1:4,000,000, Ministry Petrol. and Miner. Resour. Saudi Arabia, Map AP-2, Jiddah.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G. F., and Coleman, R. G., 1972, the tectonic framework of the Arabian Peninsula, 24th Intern. Geol. Cong. Report, Montreal, 3, p. 300–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burek, P. J., 1969, Structural effects of sea floor spreading in the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea on the Arabian Shield, in: Hot Brines and Recent Heavy Metal Deposits in the Red Sea ( E. T. Degens and D. A. Ross, eds.), Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 59–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burek, P. J., 1970, Tectonic effects of sea floor spreading on the Arabian Shield, Geol. Rdsch 59, p. 382–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chardin, P. Teilhard de, Lamare, P., Dreyfus, M., Lacroix, A., and Basse E., 1930, Études geologiaue en Éthiopie, Somalie et Arabie méridionale, Mem. Soc. Geol. Fr. (n. ser.) 6, p. 1–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen, T. B., Schaefer, H. U., and Schonfeld, M. 1975, Geology of Southern and Central Afar Ethiopia, in: Afar Depression of Ethiopia, (A. Pilger and A. Rosier, eds.) Inter-Union Commission on Geodynamics Sc. Rep. 14, Vol. 1, Stuttgart, Schweitzerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, p. 259–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Civetta, L., De Fino, M., Gasparini, P., Ghiara, M. R., La Volpe, L., and Lirer, L., 1975, Geology of Central-Eastern Afar (Ethiopia) in: Afar Depression of Ethiopia (A. Pilger and A. Rosier, eds.), Inter-Union Commiss. on Geodynamics, Sc. Rep. 14, Vol. 1, Stuttgart, Schweitzerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, p. 201–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • CNRS-CNR (Centre National de la Rechèrche Scientifique (France)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italia), 1971, Geological Map of the Danakil Depression, (Northern Afar-Ethiopia) Scale 1:500,000.

    Google Scholar 

  • CNRS-CNR (Centre National de la Rechèrche Scientifique (France)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italia), 1975, Geological Map of Central and Southern Afar (Ethiopia and T.F.A.I.) Scale 1:500,000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochran, J. R., 1978, Structure and evolution of the Gulf of Aden, (abstract), EOS Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 59, p. 1200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Courtillot, V. and Le Mouël, J. L., 1978, Le levé aeromagnétique de la Republique de Djibouti, IPGP Observ. Magnet., p. 39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Courtillot, V., Galdeano, A., and Le Mouél, J. C., 1980, Propagation of an accreting plate boundary: a discussion of new aeromagnetic data in the Gulf of Tadjurah and southern Afar, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett, 47, p. 144–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronan, D. S., Damiani, V. V., Kinsman, D. J. J. and Thiede, J. 1974, Sediments from the Gulf of Aden and western Indian Ocean, in: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 24, Washington, D.C., U.S. Govt. Printing Office, p. 1047–1072.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dainelli, G., 1943, Geologia dell’ Africa Orientale, 4 vols. Reale Accad. d’Italia, Rome. Dainelli, G., 1956, Éthiopie-Érythree, in: Léxique Stratigraphique International, Vol. 4 (Afrique) R. Furon, ed., fasc. 5b, Paris, C.N.R.S. p. 31–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dainelli, G. and Tavani, G., 1956, Somalia Italiana, in: Léxique Stratigraphique International, Vol. 4 (Afrique) R. Furon, ed., fasc. 5c, Paris, C.N.R.S. p. 39–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dakin, F. M., Gouin, P. and Searle, R. C., 1970, The 1969 earthquakes in Serdo (Ethiopia), Bull. Geophys. Obs. Addis Ababa 13, p. 19–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniels, J. L., Skiba, W. J. and Sutton, J., 1965, The deformation of some banded gabbros in the Northern Somalia fold-belt, Quart. J. Geol. Soc. Lond 121, p. 111–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dow, D. B., Beyth, M., and Hailu, T., 1971, Paleozoic glacial rocks recently discovered in Northern Ethiopia, Geol. Mag, 108, p. 53–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dreyfus, M., 1956, Somalie Française, in: Léxique Stratigraphique International, Vol. 4 (Afrique) R. Furon, ed., fasc. 5b, Paris, C.N.R.S. p. 31–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubertret, L. and André, C., 1969, Péninsule Arabique, Carte orographie-hydrographie-mers et cartes structurales, scale 1:5,000,000, with explanatory text by L. Dubertret, Notes Mem. Moy. Orient 10, Mus. Nat. Hist. Natur. Paris, p. 285–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eysinga F. W. B., Van, (compiler) 1975, Geological Time Table 3rd Edition, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairhead, J. D., 1973, Crustal structure of the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, Tectonophysics, 20, p. 261–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairhead, J. D. and Girdler, R. W., 1970, The seismicity of the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Afar triangle, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, A 267, p. 49–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farquharson, W. I., 1936, Topography, Sci. Rep. John Murray Expedition 1933–34, 1, British Museum (Natural History) London, p. 43–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faure, F., 1975, Recent crustal movements along the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden coasts in Afar (Ethiopia and T.F.A.I.), Tectonophysics, 29, p. 479–486.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, C. S., 1947, The Geology and Mineral Resources of Dhufar Province, Muscat and Oman Muscat, 78 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gass, I. G., 1970a, the evolution of volcanism in the junction area of the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Ethiopian Rift, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 267, p. 369–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gass, I. G., 1970b, Tectonic and magmatic evolution of the Afro-Arabian dome, in: African Magmatism and Tectonism, T. N. Clifford and I. G. Gass, eds. London, Oliver & Boyd, p. 285–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gass, I. G., 1975, Magmatic and tectonic processes in the development of the Afro-Arabian dome, in: Afar Depression of Ethiopia (A. Pilger and A. Rosler, eds.) Inter-Union Commission on Geodynamics Sc. Rep. 14, Vol. 1, Stuttgart, Schweitzerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, p. 10–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gass, I. G. and Gibson, I. L., 1969, Structural evolution of the rift zones in the Middle East, Nature, 221, p. 926–930.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gass, I. G., Mallick, D. I. J. and Cox, K. G., 1965, Royal Society volcanological expedition to the South Arabian Federation and The Red Sea, Nature, 205, p. 952–955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gass, I. G., and Mallick, D. I. J. 1968, Jebel Khariz: an Upper Miocene strato-volcano with commenditic affinity on the South Arabian coast. Bull. Volcanologique 32 (1), p. 33–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gealey, W. K., 1977, Ophiolite obduction and geologic evolution of the Oman mountains and adjacent areas. Geol. Soc. America Bull, 88, p. 1183–1191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gellatly, D. C., 1960, Report on the geology of the Las Dureh area, Somali Rep. Geol. Surv, Report 6, 40 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geukens, F., 1960, Contribution a la geologie du Yemen, Inst. Geol. Louvain, Mem. 21, p. 122–179 and geological map.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geukens, F., 1966, Yemen, in Geology of the Arabian Peninsula, Geol. Surv. Professional Paper 560B, U.S. Geol. Surv., 23 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, I. L., 1969, The structure and volcanic geology of an axial portion of the main Ethiopian Rift, Tectonophysics, 8, p. 561–565.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girdler, R. W., 1970, An aeromagnetic survey of the junction of the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Ethiopian Rift (A preliminary report), Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 267, p. 359–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girdler, R. W., and Hall, S. A., 1972, An aeromagnetic survey of the Afar triangle of Ethiopia, Tectonophysics, 15, p. 53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girdler, R. W., and Styles, P., 1974, Two stage Red Sea floor spreading, Nature, 247, p. 7–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girdler, R. W., and Styles, P., 1976, The relevance of magnetic anomalies over the southern Red Sea and Gulf of Aden to Afar, in: Afar Between Continental and Oceanic Rifting (A. Pilger and A. Rosler, eds.) Inter-Union Commiss. on Geodynamics, Sc. Rep. 16, Vol II, Stuttgart, Schweitzerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, p. 156–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girdler, R. W., and Styles, P., 1978, Seafloor spreading in the western Gulf of Aden, Nature, 271, p. 615–617.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glennie, K. W., Boeff, M. G. A., Hughes Clarke, M. W., Moody-Stuart, M., Pilaar, W. F. H. and Reinhardt, B. M., 1973, Late Cretaceous nappes in Omar Mountains and their geologic evolution, Americ. Assos. Petroleum Geol. Bull, 57, p. 5–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glennie, K. W., Boeff, M. G. A., Hughes Clarke, M. W., Moody-Stuart, M., Pilaar, W. F. H. and Reinhardt, B. M., 1974, Geology of the Oman Mountains, Koninkl. Nederlands Geol. Mijnbowkundig Genoots. Verh. 31: 423 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gouin, P., 1970, Seismic and gravity data from Afar in relation to surrounding areas, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 267, p. 339–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gouin, P. and Mohr, P. A., 1964, Gravity traverses in Ethiopia, Bull. Geophys. Obs. Addis Ababa 7, p. 185–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, J. E. G. W., 1960, Report on the geology of the Las Khoreh-Elayu area, Somali Rep. Geol. Surv 3, 36 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, J. E. G. W., 1961, The Inda Ad Series of former Somaliland Protectorate, Overseas Geol. & Miner. Resourc 8, p. 288–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, J. E. G. W., 1967, Photogeological Map of the Western Aden Protectorate, Scale 1:250,000 (2 sheets), D.O.S. London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, J. E. G. W. and Bleackley, D., 1967, Aden Protectorate, in: The Geology of the Arabian Peninsula, Geol. Surv. Profess. paper 560C, U.S. Geol. Surv., 96 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helal, A. H., 1964, On the occurrence and stratigraphic position of Permo-Carboniferous tillites in Saudi Arabia, Geol. Rdsch 54, p. 193–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, M. H. and Rooke, J. M., 1971, Geochemistry of some acid igneous rocks of Socotra Island, Gulf of Aden, in: 5th Annual Report, Research Inst. African Geology, Leeds University p. 57–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, J. A., 1956, British Somaliland, in: Laique Stratigraphique International, Vol. 4 (Afrique), R. Furon, ed., fasc. 5a, Paris, C.N.R.S., p. 3–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, J. A., 1958, Report on the geology of the Abdaleh area, Somali Rep. Geol. Surv 2, 16 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, J. A., 1960, Report on the geology of the Berbera area, Somali Rep. Geol. Surv 4, 27 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, R. W., and Engels, G. G., 1970, Tectonic significance and regional geology and evaporitic lithofacies in Northeastern Ethiopia, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 267, p. 313–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irving, E. and Tarling, D. H., 1961, The paleomagnetism of the Aden volcanics, J. Geophys. Res 6, p. 549–556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kossmat, F., 1907, Geologie der Inseln Sokotra, Semha und Abd el Kuri, Denkschr. Math. natured Cl. Wein, K. Akad. Wiss. 71, p. 1–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamare, P., 1936, Structure Geologique de l’Arabie, Libr. Polytechn. Ch. Beranger, Paris, Paris-Liege, 65 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laughton, A. S., 1966, The Gulf of Aden, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond, A 259, p. 150–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laughton, A. S., 1967, The Gulf of Aden in relation to the Red Sea and the Afar depression of Ethiopia, Geol. Surv. Paper Can 66–14, p. 78–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laughton, A. S., and Tramontini, C., 1969, Recent studies of crustal structure in the Gulf of Aden, Tectonophysics, 8, p. 359–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laughton, A. S., Whitmarsh, R. B., and Jones, M. T., 1970, The evolution of the Gulf of Aden, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 267, p. 227–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laughton, A. S., Sclater, J. G., and McKenzie, D. P., 1972, The structure and evolution of the Indian Ocean, 24th Inter. Geol. Cong. Rep. Montreal. Montreal, 8, p. 65–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lees, G. M., 1928, The geology and tectonics of Oman and parts of South Eastern Arabia, Quart. J. Geol. Soc. Lond, 84, p. 585–670.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Pichon, X, and Francheteau, J., 1978, A plate-tectonic analysis of the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden area, Tectonophysics, 46, p. 369–406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lepine, J. C., Ruegg, J. C. and Steinmetz, L., 1972, Seismic profiles in the Djibouti area, Tectonophysics 15, p. 59–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lepine, J. C., Richard, O., Ruegg, J. C., Treuil, M. and Varet, J., 1976, Mise en evidence d’une zone de faille transformante reliant la vallee axiale de la dorsale de Tadjoura a celle de Ghoubbet-Assal (T.F.A.I.) C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, D283, p. 9–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Little, O. H., 1925, The Geography and Geology of Makalla (South Arabia), Publ. Geol. Surv. Egypt, Cairo 250 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, R. E., 1910, The geology of the Aden hinterland, Geol. Surv. India 38 (4), p. 313–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macfadyen, W. A., 1933, The Geology of British Somaliland, London, Crown Agents, 87 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macfadyen, W. A., Dighton Thomas, H., Currie, E. D., Hawkins, H. L., Bather, F. A., Muir-Wood, H. M., Cox, L. R., and Spath, L. F., 1935, The Mesozoic Palaeontology of British Somaliland, London, Crown Agents, 228 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Makris, J., Menzel, H., and Zimmermann, J., 1972, A preliminary interpretation of the gravity field of Afar, Northeast Ethiopia, Tectonophysics, 15, p. 31–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, J. E. and Warden, A. J., 1956, Report on the Geology of the Heis-Meit-Wagderia Area, Somali Rep. Geol. Surv 1, 23 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • McElhinney, M. W., 1970, Formation of the Indian Ocean, Nature, 228, p. 977–979.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, D. P., Davies, D., and Molnar, P., 1970, Plate tectonics of the Red Sea and East Africa, Nature, 226, p. 243–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, D. and Sclater, J. G., 1971, The evolution of the Indian Ocean since the Late Cretaceous, Geophy. J.R. Astr. Soc 25, p. 437–528.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, D. H., 1963, A major fault scarp under the Arabian Sea displacing the Carlsberg Ridge near Socotra, Nature, 198, p. 950–952.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, D. H., 1966, The Owen Fracture Zone and the Northern end of the Carlsberg Ridge, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond, A 259, p. 172–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, D. H. 1967, The northern end of the Carlsberg Ridge, Can. Geol. Surv. Paper 66–14, p. 124–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, D. H., Williams, C. and Laughton, A. S., 1997, Mid-ocean ridge in the mouth of the Gulf of Aden, Nature, 215, p. 1052–1053.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merla, G., Abbate, E., Canuti, P., Sagri, M. and Tacconi, P. 1973, Geological Map of Ethiopia and Somalia, Scale 1:2,000,000, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merla, G., Abbate, E., Azzaroli, A., Bruni, P., Canuti, P., Fazzuoli, M., Sagri, M., and Tacconi, P., 1979. A Geological Map of Ethiopia and Somalia (1973) 1:2,000,000, and Comment with map of Major Landforms, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy, 95 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, P. A. 1962, (reprinted 1971 ), The Geology of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie Univ. Pres. Addis Ababa, 268 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, P. A., 1963, Geological Map of the Horn of Africa, Scale 1:2,000,000, London, Philip and Tacey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, P. A., 1967a, The Ethiopian rift system, Bull. Geoph. Obs. Addis Ababa 11, 65 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, P. A., 1967b, Major volcano-tectonic lineaments in the Ethiopian rift system, Nature, 213, p. 664–665.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, P. A., 1968, Transcurrent faulting in the Ethiopian Rift system, Nature, 218, p. 938–940.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, P. A., 1970, The Afar triple junction and sea floor spreading, J. Geophy. Res 75 (35), p. 7340–7352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, P. A., 1972, Surface structure and plate tectonics of Afar, Tectonophysics, 15, p. 3–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, P. A., 1975, Structural setting and evolution of Afar, in: Afar Depression of Ethiopia (A. Pilger and A. Rosler, eds.) Inter-Union Commission on Geodynamics Sc. Rep. 14, Vol 1, Stuttgart, Schweitzerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, p. 27–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moody, J. D., 1974, Late Cretaceous nappes in Oman mountains and their geologic evolution: discussion, Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geologists Bull 58, p. 889–895.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton, D. M., 1959, The geology of Oman, 5th World Petroleum Cong. Proc, New York, 1, p. 277–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton, W. H. and Black, R., 1975, Crustal attenuation in Afar, in: Afar Depression of Ethiopia (A. Pilger and A. Rosler, eds), Inter-Union Commission on Geodynamics Sc. Rep. 14 Vol 1, Stuttgart, Schweitzerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, p. 55–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moseley, F., 1969a, The Upper Cretaceous ophiolite complex of Masira Island, Oman, Geol. Jl, 6 (2), p. 293–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moseley, F., 1969b, The Aden Traps of Dhala, Musaymir and Radfan, South Yemen, Bull. Volcanologique 33(3), p. 889–909.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moseley, F., and Abbotts, I. L., 1979, The ophiolite melange of Masira, Oman, J. Geol. Soc. Lond, 136, p. 713–724.

    Google Scholar 

  • Needham, H. D., Choukroune, P., Cheminee, J. L., Le Pichon, X., Francheteau, J. and Tapponnier, P., 1976, The accreting plate boundary: Ardoukoba Rift (northeast Africa) and the oceanic rift valley, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett, 28, p. 439–453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelikan, A., 1907, Petrographische Untersuchungen von Gesteinen der Inseln Sokotra, Abdel-Kuri und Semha, Denkschr. Math. natured., 71, Wien Cl. K. Akad. Wiss., p. 63–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pilger, A., and Rosler, A., 1976, Temporal relationships in the tectonic evolution of the Afar depression (Ethiopia) and the adjacent Afro-Arabian Rift system, in: Afar Between Continental and Oceanic Rifting (A. Pilger and A. Rosler, eds.), Inter-Union Commiss. on Geodynamics, Sc. Rep. 16, Vol. II, Stuttgart, Schweitzerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, p. 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powers, R. W., Ramirez, L. F., Redmond, C. D. and Elberg, E. L., 1966, Sedimentary geology of Saudi Arabia, in: Geology of the Arabian Peninsula, Geol. Surv. Profess. paper 560D, U.S. Geol. Surv., 141 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramsey, A. T. S. and Funnel, B. M., 1969, Upper Tertiary microfossils from the Alula-Fartak Trench, Gulf of Aden, Deep Sea Research, 16, p. 25–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinhardt, B. M. 1969, On the genesis and emplacement of ophiolites in the Oman mountain geosyncline, Schweiz. Mineralog. Petrograph. Mittelieungen 49 (1), p. 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, D. G., 1969, Structural evolution of the rift zones in the Middle East, Nature, 233, p. 55–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roeser, H. A., 1975, A detailed magnetic survey of the southern Red Sea, Geol. Jahrb D13, p. 131–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruegg, J. C., 1975, Main results about the crustal and upper mantle structure of the Djibouti region (T.F.A.I.), in: Afar Depression of Ethiopia, (A. Pilger and A. Rosler eds.) Inter-Union Commission on Geodynamics Sc. Rep. 14, Vol. 1, Stuttgart, Schweitzerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, p. 120–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruegg, J. C. and Lepine, J. C., 1973, Aperçu sur quelque etudes geophysique éffectuees en Afar, Rev. Geographie Physique Geologie Dynamique, 15 (4), p. 415–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schott, W., Klaus, W. von, and Straesche, K. 1960, Zur stratigraphie und palaeographie des Oberen Jura in Sudwestarabien, Geol. Jb 77, p. 599–614.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schilling, J. G., 1973, Afar mantle plume: rare earth evidence. Nature (Phys. Sci) 242, p. 2–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sclater, J. G., 1966, Heat flow in the North West Indian Ocean and the Red Sea, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 259, p. 271–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Searle, R. C. and Gouin, P., 1971, An analysis of some local earthquake phases originating near the Afar triple junction, Bull. Seism. Soc. America, 61, p. 1061–1071.

    Google Scholar 

  • S.O.E.C. (Somaliland Oil Exploration Company) (Mackay, C., Williams, D., Gilbert, D. L. F., and Widmer, H.), 1954, A Geological Reconnaissance of the Sedimentary Deposits of the Protectorate of British Somaliland. London, Crown Agents, 41 p., map, sections.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stefanini, G., 1933, (2nd Ed. 1936), Carta Geologica dell’Eritrea, della Somalia et dell’ Ethiopia, scale 1:2,000,000, with illustrative notes. Firenze, Instit. Geog. Milit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sykes, L. R., and Landisman, M. 1964, The seismicity of East Africa, the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian and Red Seas, Bull. Seismol. Soc. America, 54 (6), p. 1927–1940.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tapponnier, P. and Varet, J. 1974, La zone de Mak’Arrason en Afar: Un equivalent emerge des failles transformantes oceanique. Acad. Sc. C.R 278, p. 209–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarling, D. H., 1970, Palaeomagnetism and the origin of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 267, p. 219–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarling, D. H., Sanver, M., and Hutchings, A. M. J., 1967, Further paleomagnetic results from the Federation of South Arabia, Earth Planet. Sc. Letters 2, p. 148–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tazieff, H., 1973, La signification téctonique de l’Afar, Rev. Geograph. Physique Geologie Dynamique 15 (4), p. 341–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tazieff, H., Varet, J., Barberi, F., and Giglia, G., 1972, Tectonic significance of the Afar (or Danakil) depression, Nature, 235, p. 144–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tschopp, R. H., 1967a, The general Geology of Oman, 7th World Petroleum Congr. Proc, Mexico City, 2, p. 231–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tschopp, R. H., 1967b, The development of Fahud field, 7th World Petroleum Congr. Proc, Mexico City, 2, p. 243–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • USGS-ARAMCO (United States Geological Survey-Arabian American Oil Company) 1963, Geologic map of the Arabian Peninsula, Scale 1:2,000,000, U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Invest. Map I 270A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varet, J., 1978, Geology of Central and Southern Afar (Ethiopia and Djibonti Republic), (With geological map scale 1: 500, 000 ), Paris, C.N.R.S. 124 p. (To supplement CNRS/CNR Geological Map 1:500,000 published in 1975 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Varet, J. and Barberi, F., 1976, Trace des frontieres de la plaque en Afar: discussion a partir des donnees volcanologiques, Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. (7) 18 (4), p 831–846.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welland, M. J. P. 1975, Late Cretaceous nappes in Oman Mountains and their geologic evolution: discussion, Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geol. Bull 59, p. 1686–1688.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welland, M. J. P., and Mitchell, A. H. G., 1977, Emplacement of the Oman ophiolite: a mechanism related to subduction and collision, Geol. Soc. America Bull 88, p. 1081–1088.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wesser, O. E., 1974, Sedimentological aspects of strata encountered on Leg 23 in the Northern Arabian Sea, in: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 23, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 503–519.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitmarsh, R. B., 1974a, Some aspects of plate tectonics in the Arabian Sea, in: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 23, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 527–535.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitmarsh, R. B., 1974b, Summary of several features of Arabian Sea and Red Sea Cenozoic history based on Leg 23 cores, in: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 23, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 1115–1123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitmarsh, R. B., 1979, The Owen Basin off the south east margin of Arabia and the evolution of the Owen Fracture Zone, Geophys. J.R. Astr. Soc, 58, p. 441–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitmarsh, R. B., Hamilton, N. and Kidd, R. B., 1974, Paleomagnetic results for the Indian and Arabian plates from Arabian Sea cores, in: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 23, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 521–525.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, H. H., 1969, Late Cretaceous eugeosynclinal sedimentation, gravity tectonics and ophiolite emplacement in Oman Mountains, Southeast Arabia, Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geol. Bull, 53, p. 626–671.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, H. H., 1973, Late Creataceous nappes in Oman Mountains and their geologic evolution: discussion, Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geol. Bull 57, p. 2282–2287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wissmann, H. Von. 1932, Ubersicht uber Aufbau und Oberflachengestaltung Arabiens, Zeit. Ges. Erkunde Berlin, 9 /10, p. 335–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wissmann, H. Von, Rathjens, C., and Kossmat, F., 1942, Beitrage zur Tektonik Arabiens, Geol. Rdsch 33, p. 221–353.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

    Z. R. Beydoun

Authors
  1. Z. R. Beydoun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Earth Science and Resources Institute, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA

    Alan E. M. Nairn

  2. College of Geosciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA

    Francis G. Stehli

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Beydoun, Z.R. (1982). The Gulf of Aden and Northwest Arabian Sea. In: Nairn, A.E.M., Stehli, F.G. (eds) The Ocean Basins and Margins. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8038-6_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8038-6_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-8040-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8038-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation