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Functional Morphology of Human Arteries During Fetal and Postnatal Development

  • Chapter
Structure and Function of the Circulation

Abstract

The equilibrium between the distending force of the blood pressure and the arterial wall is determined essentially by a simple law of mechanics, the law of Laplace. According to this law, the total force or tension (T) in the vessel’s wall represents the product of the radius of the vessel (r) and the blood pressure (p), T = r.p. The law of Laplace may be used to estimate and compare the tension produced by blood pressure in vessels of different size and thereby determine the increase in functional load on arteries. Since tension increases not only with blood pressure but also with the radius of the vessel, the highest tension is presumably produced in the wall of the ascending aorta where tension amounts to about 200,000 dynes/cm, i.e., 200 g/cm. In the vena cava, which also has a wide lumen but is subject to a much lower blood pressure, the total wall tension is also high, about 20,000 dynes/cm, i.e., 20 g/cm, whereas in the capillary wall, tension is very low — 16 dynes/cm, i.e., 16 mg/cm. Since the radius is small, the thin wall of a capillary can withstand the distending force of capillary blood pressure (F 25 mm Hg.).

“...development of structure and development of function go hand in hand. And if the function cannot be subserved without the development of the structure, equally the stimulus of the function is necessary for the proper maturation of the structure.”

(Liley, 1972)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Pathology, University of Mainz, Mainz, West Germany

    Wladimir W. Meyer M.D. (Professor and Chairman)

  2. Karolinska Hospital and Wenner-Gren Research Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden

    S. Zoe Walsh M.D. (Senior Research Investigator)

  3. Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska Hospital and Wenner-Gren Research Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden

    John Lind (Professor Emeritus)

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  1. Wladimir W. Meyer M.D.
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA

    Colin J. Schwartz M.D., F.R.A.C.P. (Professor of Pathology, Member of Scientific Staff) (Professor of Pathology, Member of Scientific Staff)

  2. Southwest Foundation for Research & Education, San Antonio, Texas, USA

    Colin J. Schwartz M.D., F.R.A.C.P. (Professor of Pathology, Member of Scientific Staff) (Professor of Pathology, Member of Scientific Staff)

  3. Office of Naval Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Nicholas T. Werthessen Ph.D. (Bioscientist, Senior Research Associate) (Bioscientist, Senior Research Associate)

  4. Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA

    Nicholas T. Werthessen Ph.D. (Bioscientist, Senior Research Associate) (Bioscientist, Senior Research Associate)

  5. Medical Affairs, St. Luke’s Hospital, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA

    Stewart Wolf M.D. (Vice President, Professor of Medicine, Director) (Vice President, Professor of Medicine, Director)

  6. Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Stewart Wolf M.D. (Vice President, Professor of Medicine, Director) (Vice President, Professor of Medicine, Director)

  7. Totts Gap Institute, Bangor, Pennsylvania, USA

    Stewart Wolf M.D. (Vice President, Professor of Medicine, Director) (Vice President, Professor of Medicine, Director)

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Meyer, W.W., Walsh, S.Z., Lind, J. (1980). Functional Morphology of Human Arteries During Fetal and Postnatal Development. In: Schwartz, C.J., Werthessen, N.T., Wolf, S. (eds) Structure and Function of the Circulation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7924-3_3

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