Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Distribution and Morphology of Somatostatin Cells

  • Chapter
Somatostatin

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 188))

Abstract

After its isolation from the hypothalamus as a neuroendocrine regulator of anterior pituitary growth hormone secretion, somatostatin was rapidly shown to possess many extrapituitary actions and to be widely distributed in the body. Somatostatin was, hence, found to be a potent inhibitor of the secretion of insulin, glucagon, gastrin and several other hormones as well as to inhibit exocrine secretion from the stomach and pancreas (see 1 for review). These actions correlated with the finding of somatostatin immunoreactants in endocrine-like D cells of the entire gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas (2–4). Additionally, somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was detected in a widespread system of central and peripheral nerves (2), in calcitonin-producing C cells of the thyroid (2, 5, 6), in the submandibular gland (7), placenta (8, 9) and urinary tract (l0).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Patel YC, Zingg HH, Fitzpatrick D, Srikant CB 1981 Somatostatin: Some aspects of its physiology and patho-physiology. In: Bloom SR, Polak JM (eds) Gut Hormones. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, p 339.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hökfelt T, Efendic S, Hellerström C, Johansson 0, Luft R, Arimura A 1975 Cellular localization of somatostatin in endocrine-like cells and neurons of the rat with special references to the Al cells of the pancreatic islets and the hypothalamus. Acta Endocrinol 80: 1.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Polak JM, Pearse AGE, Grimelius L, Bloom SR, Arimura A 1975 Growth hormone-release inhibiting hormone in gastrointestinal and pancreatic D-cells. Lancet 1: 1220.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Orci L, Baetens D, Dubois MP, Rufener C 1975 Evidence for the D-cell of the pancreas secreting somatostatin. Hormone Metab Res 7: 400.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Van Noorden S, Polak JM, Pearse AGE 1977 Single cellular origin of somatostatin and calcitonin in the rat thyroid gland. Histochemistry 53: 243.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Buffa R, Chayvialle JA, Fontana P, Usellini L, Capella C, Solcia E 1979 Parafollicular cells of rabbit thyroid store both calcitonin and somatostatin and resemble gut D cells ultrastructurally. Histochemistry 62: 281.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Girod C, Dubois MP, Durand N 1980 Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in scattered cells of the duct system of the submandibular glands in the monkey, Macaca irus. Histochemistry 69: 137.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Nishihira M, Yagihashi S 1979 Simultaneous detection of immunoreactive HCG- and somatostatin-containing cells and their gestational changes in the human placental villi and decidua. Acta Histochem Cytochem 12: 434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Watkins WB, Yen SSC 1980 Somatostatin in cytotrophoblast of the immature human placenta: localization by immunoperoxidase cytochemistry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 50: 969.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bolaffi JL, Reichlin S, Goodman DBP, Forrest JN 1980 Somatostatin: occurrence in urinary bladder epithelium and renal tubules of the toad Bufo Marinus. Science 210: 644.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Goldsmith PC, Rose JC, Arimura A, Ganong WF 1975 Ultra-structural localization of somatostatin in pancreatic islets of the rat. Endocrinology 97: 1061.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Canese MG, Bussolati G 1977 Immunoelectron cytochemical localization of the somatostatin cells in the human antral mucosa. J Histochem Cytochem 15: 1111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hellman B, Lernmark â 1969 A possible role of the pancreatic ai and (12-cells as local regulators of insulin secretion. In: Falkmer S, Hellman B, Täljedahl SB (eds) The Structure and Metabolism of the Pancreatic Islets. Pergamon Press, Oxford, p 453.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ganda OP, Weir GC, Soeldner JS, Legg MA, Chick WL, Patel YC, Ebeid AM, Gabbay KH, Reichlin S 1977 Somatostatinoma - a somatostatin containing tumour of the endocrine pancreas. New Engl J Med 297: 1352.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Larsson LI, Hirsch MA, Holst JJ, Ingemansson S, Kühl C, Lindkaer-Jensen S, Lundqvist G, Rehfeld JF, Schwartz TW 1977 Pancreatic somatostatinoma: clinical features and physiological implications. Lancet I: 666.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lomsky R, Langr F, Vortel V 1969 Immunohistochemical demonstration of gastrin in mammalian islets of Langerhans. Nature 223: 618.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Larsson LI, Rehfeld JF, Sundler F, Hâkanson R 1976 Pancreatic gastrin in foetal and neonatal rats. Nature 262: 609.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Larsson LI 1980 Gastrointestinal cells producing endocrine, neurocrine and paracrine messengers. Clinics in Gastroenterology 9: 485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Oyama H, Kameda Y, Endoh M, Nagase Y, Matsuki M, Kakita K, Tenku A, Nishida S, Horino M 1984 Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in mammalian thyroid glands: contents and partial characterization. Endocrinology 114: 1028.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lundberg JM, Hökfelt T 1983 Coexistence of peptides and classical neurotransmitters. Trends Neurosci 6: 325.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Pearse AGE 1981 The diffuse neuroendocrine system: falsification and verification of a concept. In: Grossman MI, Braizier HAB, Lechago J (eds) Cellular Basis of Chemical Messengers in the Digestive System. UCLA Forum in Med Sci Nr 23, Academic Press, New York, p 13.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Le Douarin NM, Fontaine-Perus J 1981 The neural crest and the digestive tract: developmental relationships. In: Bloom SR, Polak JM (eds) Gut Hormones, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, p 107.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Pictet RL, Rall LB, Phelps P, Rutter WJ 1976 The neural crest and the origin of the insulin-producing and other gastrointestinal hormone-producing cells. Science 191: 191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Larsson LI, Goltermann N, De Magistris L, Rehfeld JF, Schwartz TW 1979 Somatostatin cell processes as pathways for paracrine secretion. Science 205: 1393.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Larsson LI 1980 Peptide secretory pathways in.the gastrointestinal tract: cytochemical contributions to regulatory physiology of the gut. Am J Physiol 239: G237.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Larsson LI 1984 Evidence for anterograde transport of secretory granules in processes of gastric paracrine (somatostatin) cells. Histochemistry 80: 323.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Saffouri B, Weir GC, Bitar KN, Makhlouf GM 1980 Gastrin and somatostatin secretion by perfused rat stomach: functional linkage of antral peptides. Am J Physiol 238: G495.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Richelsen B, Rehfeld JF, Larsson LI 1983 Antral gland cell column: a method for studying release of gastric hormones. Am J Physiol 245: G463.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Saffouri B, Weir GC, Bitar KN, Makhlouf GM 1979 Stimulation of gastrin secretion from the perfused rat stomach by somatostatin antiserum. Life Sci 25: 1749.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Chiba T, Kadowaki S, Taminato T, Chihara K, Seino Y, Matsuhara S, Fujita T 1981 Effect of antisomatostatin y-globulin on gastrin release in rats. Gastroenterology 81: 321.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Wolfe MM, Reel GM, McGuigan JE 1983 Inhibition of gastrin release by secretin is mediated by somatostatin in cultured rat antral mucosa. J Clin Invest 72: 1586.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Sasagawa T, Kobayashi S, Fujita T 1974 Electron microscopic studies on the endocrine cells of the human gut and pancreas. In: Fujita T (ed) Gastroenteropancreatic Endocrine System - A Cell-biological Approach. Thieme, Stuttgart, p 17.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Schusdziarra V, Harris V, Conlon JM, Arimura A, Unger RH 1978 Pancreatic and gastric somatostatin release in response to intragastric and intraduodenal nutrients and HC1 in the dog. J Clin Invest 62: 509

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Holst JJ, Knudsen S, Jensen SL, Nielsen OV, Poulsen SS Paracrine somatostatin and GET-nerves in control of antral gastrin release. Program of the Somatostatin Symposium, Montreal, June 1984, # 14 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  35. McIntosh CHS, Pederson RA, Koop H, Brown JC 1981 Gastric inhibitory polypeptide stimulated secretion of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity from the stomach? inhibition by acetylcholine or vagal stimulation. Can J Physiol Parmacol 59: 468.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Uvnäs-Wallensten K 1980 Luminal secretion of gut peptides. Clinics in Gastroenterology 9: 545.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Larsson LI 1981 Somatostatin cells. In: Bloom SR, Polak JM (eds) Gut Hormones. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, p 350.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Patel YC, Wheatley T, Ning C 1981 Multiple forms of immunoreactive somatostatin: comparison of distribution in neural and nonneural tissues and portal plasma of the rat. Endocrinology 109: 1943.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Brown M, Rivier J, Vale W 1981 Somatostatin-28: selective action on the pancreatic B cell and brain. Endocrinology 108: 2391.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Mandarino L, Stenner D, Blanchard W, Nissen S, Gerich J, Ling N, Brazeau P, Bohlen P, Esch F, Guillemin R 1981 Selective effects of somatostatin-14, -25 and -28 on in vitro insulin and glucagon secretion. Nature 291: 76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Orci L, Unger RH 1975 Functional subdivision of islets of Langerhans and possible role of D cells. Lancet II: 1243.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Fujita T, Yanotori Y, Murakami T 1976 Insulo-acinar axis, its vascular basis and its functional and morphological changes caused by CCK-PZ and caerulein. In: Fujita T (ed) Endocrine Gut and Pancreas. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 347.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Bonner-Weir S, Orci L 1982 New perspectives on the microvasculature of the islets of Langerhans in the rat. Diabetes 31: 883.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Kawai K, Ipp E, Orci L, Perrelet A, Unger RH 1982 Circulating somatostatin acts on the islets of Langerhans by way of a somatostatin-poor compartment. Science 218: 477.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Kameda Y, Oyama H, Endoh M, Horino M 1982 Somatostatin immunoreactive C cells in thyroid glands from various mammalian species. Anat Rec 204: 161.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Alumets J, Hakanson R, Lundqvist G, Sundler F, Thorell J 1980 Ontogeny and ultrastructure of somatostatin and calcitonin cells in the thyroid gland of the rat. Cell Tissue Res 206: 193.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Kameda Y, Oyama H, Horino M 1984 Ontogeny of immunoreactive somatostatin in thyroid C cells from dogs and guinea pigs. Anat Rec 208: 89.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Deschenes RJ, Lorenz LJ, Haun RS, Roos BA, Collier KJ, Dixon JE 1984 Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding rat preprocholecystokinin. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 81: 726.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Larsson LI, MOrch-J¢rgensen L 1978 Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies on the cytodifferentiation of duodenal endocrine cells. Cell Tissue Res 194: 79.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Larsson LI 1977 Ontogeny of peptide-producing nerves and endocrine cells of the gastro-duodeno-pancreatic region. Histochemistry 54: 133.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Rorstad OP, Brownstein MJ, Martin JB 1979 Immunoreactive and biologically active somatostatin-like material in rat retina. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 76: 3019.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Eriksen EF, Larsson LI 1981 Neuropeptides in the retina: evidence for differential topographical localization. Peptides 2: 153.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unit of Histochemistry, University Institute of Pathology, Frederik den V’s vej 11, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark

    Lars-Inge Larsson

Authors
  1. Lars-Inge Larsson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. McGill University and Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Yogesh C. Patel

  2. McGill University and McGill University-Montreal Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Gloria S. Tannenbaum

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Larsson, LI. (1985). Distribution and Morphology of Somatostatin Cells. In: Patel, Y.C., Tannenbaum, G.S. (eds) Somatostatin. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 188. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7886-4_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7886-4_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-7888-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-7886-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation