Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

An Introduction to Integrated Optics

  • Chapter
Optical Information Processing

  • 34 Accesses

Abstract

It is now five years since the name “integrated optics” was coined [1], and there are now research activities in this field in an increasing number of industrial, governmental, and university laboratories. For the interested reader there is already available a good collection of survey articles [2]–[5] which review both the history and the fundamentals of this new discipline. The purpose of this paper is to give the reader an introduction to integrated optics and an illustration of present day activities. While no attempt is made to present a complete survey, we will try to collect the major thoughts and arguments which have motivated and stimulated work in this field.

Appeared originally in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (MTT), Vol. MTT-23, No. 1, pp. 2–16, Jan. 1975.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. S. E. Miller, “Integrated optics. An introduction,” Bell Syst. Tech. J., Vol. 48, p. 2059, Sept. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. E. Goell, R. D. Standley, and T. Li, Electronics, Vol. 20, pp. 60–67, Aug. 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. E. Goell and R. D. Standley, “integrated optical cir.cuits,” Proc. IEEE (Special Issue on Optical Communications), Vol. 58, pp. 1504–1512, Oct. 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  4. P. K. Tien, “Light waves in thin films and integrated optics, App1. Opt., Vol. 10, p. 2395, Nov. 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  5. S. E. Miller, “A survey of integrated optics,” IEEE J. Quantu Electron. (Special Issue on 1971 IEEE/OSA Conference on Laser Engineering and Application, Part II of Two Parts), Vol. QE-8 pp. 199–205, Feb. 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  6. S. E. Miller, E. A. J. Marcatili, and T. Li, “Research toward optical-fiber transmission systems ‘(Invited paper),” Proc. IEEE, Vol. 61, pp. 1703–1753, Dec. 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. N. S. Kapany and J. J. Burke, Optical Waveguides. New York: Academic, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  8. D. Marcuse, Light Transmission Optics. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  9. D. Marcuse, Theory of Dielectric Optical Waveguides. New York: Academic, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  10. E. A. J. Marcatili, Bell Syst. Tech.i. Vol. 48, p. 2071, Sept. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  11. H. Kogelnik and V. Ramaswamy, App1: Opt., Vol. 13, pp. 1857–1862, Aug. 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. J. J. Burke, Opt. Sci. Newsletter (Univ. Arizona), Vol. 5, p. 31, 1971;

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. J. Burke, Opt. Sci. Newsletter (Univ. Arizona), Vol. p. 6, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  14. H. Kogelnik and H. P. Weber, J. Opt. Soc. Amer., Vol. 64, pp. 174–185, Feb. 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. L. Kuhn, M. L. Dakss, P. F. Heidrich, and B. A. Scott, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 17, p. 265, Sept. 1970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. R. Shubert and J. H. Harris, “Optical surface waves on thin films and their application to integrated data processors,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. (1968 Symposium Issue), Vol. MTT-16, pp. 1048–1054, Dec. 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  17. R. Ulrich and R. J. Martin, Appl. Opt., Vol. 10, p. 2077, Sept. 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. F. Zernike, Appl. Phys Lett., Vol. 24, p. 285, Mar. 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. P. Kaiser, E. A. J. Marcatili, and S. E. Miller, Bell Syst. Tech. J., Vol. 52, p. 265, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  20. S. Somekh et al., Appl. Opt., Vol, 13, p. 327, Feb. 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. J. E. Goell, Appl. Opt., Vol. 12, g. 2797, Dec. 1973

    Google Scholar 

  22. H. Furuta, H. Noda, and A. Ihaya, Appl. Opt., Vol. 13, p. 322, Feb. 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. V. Ramaswamy, Bell Syst. Tech. J., Vol. 4, p. 697, Apr. 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  24. W. Schlosser and H. G. Unger in Advances in Microwaves. New York: Academic, 1966, p. 319.

    Google Scholar 

  25. J. E. Goell, Bell Syst. Tech. J., Vol. 48, p. 2133, Sept. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  26. E. A. J. Marcatili, Bell. J. Vol. 4, p. 645, Apr. 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. W. H. Zachariasen, Theory of X-Ray Diffraction in Crystals. New York: Wiley, 1945.

    Google Scholar 

  28. C. F. Quate, C. D. Wilkinson, and D. K. Winslow, “Interaction of light and microwave sound,” Proc. IEEE (Special Issue on Ultrasonics), Vol. 53, pp. 1604–1623, Oct. 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  29. H. Kogelnik, Bell Syst. Tech. J., Vol. 48, p. 2909, Nov 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  30. S. E. Miller, Bell Syst. Tech, J,, Vol. 33, p. 661, May 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  31. J. R. Pierce, J. Appl. Phys,, Vol. 25, p. 179, Feb. 1954.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. W. H. Louisell, Coupled Mode and Parametric Electronics. New York: Wiley, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  33. A. Yariv, “Coupled-mode theory for guided-wave optics,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron., Vol. QE-9, pp. 919–934, Sept. 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  34. S. Wang, M. L. Shah, and J. D. Crow 19, p. 187, 1971. Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol.

    Google Scholar 

  35. T. P. Sosnowski and H. P. Weber, t?pt. Co n., Vol. 7, p. 47, Jan. 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  36. P. K. Tien et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 21, p. 394, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. H. Kogelnik and C. V. Shank, J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 43, p. 2327, May 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. A. W. Snyder, J. Opt. Soc. Amer., Vol. 62, p. 1267, Nov 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. D. C. Flanders, H. Kogelnik, R. V. Schm dt, and C. V. Shank, APp1. PHys. Lett., Vol. 24, p. 194, Feb. 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. F. W. Dabby, M. A. Saifi, and A. Kestenbaum, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 22, p. 190, Feb. 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. L. Kuhn, P. F. Heidrich, and E. G. Lean, Appl. Phys, Le Vol. 19, p. 428, Nov. 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. H. Kogelnik and C. V. Shank, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 18, p. 152, Feb. 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. D. P. Schinke, R. G. Smith, E. G. Spencer, and M. F. Galvin, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 21, p. 494, Nov. 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. H. W. Yen et al., Opt. Commun., Vol. 9, p. 35, Sept. 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. C. V. Shank, R. V. Schmidt, and B. I. Miller, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 25, pp. 200–201, Aug. 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. M. L. Dakss, L. Kuhn, P. F. Heidrich, and B. A. Scott, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 16, p. 523, June 1970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. H. Kogelnik and T. P. Sosnowski, Bell Syst. Tech. J., Vol. 49, p. 1602, Sept. 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  48. H. Osterberg and L. W. Smith, J. Opt. Soc. Amer, Vol. 5 p. 1078, Sept. 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  49. J. E. Goe1l and R. D. Standley, Be 11 Syst. Tech. J., 48, p. 3445, Dec. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  50. R. D. Standley, W. M. Gibson, and J. W: Rodgers, Appl. Opt., Vol. 11, p. 1313, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. M. K. Barnoski, R. G. Hunsperger, R. G. Walson, and G. Tangonan, J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 44, p. 1925, 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. E. Garmíre, H. Stoll, A. Yariv, and R. G. Hunsperger, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 21, p. 87, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. H. F. Taylor, W. E. Martin, D. B. Hall, and V. N. Smiley, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 21, p. 95, Aug. 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. W. E. Martin and D. B. Hall, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 21, p. 325, Oct. 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. I. P. Kaminow and J. R. Carruthers, Apple Phys. Lett., Vol. 22, p. 326, Apr. 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. J. M. Hammer and W. Phillips, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 24, p. 545, June 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. R. V. Schmidt and I. P. Raminow, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 25, pp. 458–460, Oct. 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. D. H. Hensler, J. D. Cuthbert, R. J. Martin, and P. K. Tien, Appl. Opt., Vol. 10, p. 1937, tiay 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Z. I. Alferov et al., Sov. Phys. Semicond., Vol. 2, p. 1289, Apr. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  60. I. Hayashi, M. B. Panish, and P. W. Foy, “Low-threshold room-temperature injection laser,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron (Corresp.), Vol. QE-5, pp. 211–212, Apr. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  61. H. Kressel and H. Nelson, RCA Rev., Vol. 30, p. 106, Mar. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  62. J. M. Hammer, D. J. Channin T. Duffy, and J. P. Wittke, App1. Phys. Lett., Vol. 21, p. 358, Oct. 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. V. Ramaswamy, App1. Phys. Lett., Vol. 21,p, 183, Sept. 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  64. S. Miyazawa, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 23, p. 198, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  65. P. K. Tien et al., Appi. Phys. Lett., Vol. 24, p. 503, May 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. P. K. Tien et al., Appl. Phys. Lett, Vol. 21, p. 207, Sept. 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. J. H. Harris, R. Shubert, and J. N. Polky, J. Opt. Socs Amer., Vol. 60, p. 1007, Aug. 1970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. R. Ulrich and H. P. Weber, Appl. Opt., Vol. 11, p. 428, Feb. 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. P. K. Tien, G. Smolinsky, and R. J. Martin, Appl. Opt., Vol. 11, p. 637, Mar. 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. D. B. Ostrowsky and A. Jacques Appl. Phys., Vol. 18 p. 556, June 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  71. H. W. Weber, R. Ulrich, E. A. Chandross, and W. J. Tomlinson, Appl. PHys. Lett., Vol. 20, p. 143, Feb. 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. J. C. Dubois, M. Gazard, and D. B. Ostrowsky, Opt. Commun., Vola 7, p. 237, Mar. 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. J. E. Goell, Appl. Opt., Vol. 12, p. 729, Apr. 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. J. J. Turner et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 23, p. 333, Sept. 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. D. B. Ostrowsky, M. Papuchon, A. M. Roy, and J. Trotel, Appl. Opt., Vol. 13, p. 636, Mar. 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. D. L. Spears and H. I. Smith, Electron. Lett. Vol. 8, p. 102, Feb. 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. B. Fay, D. B. Ostrowsky, A. M. Roy, and J. Trotel, Opt. Commun., Vol. 9, p. 424, Dec. 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. H. L. Garvin et al., Appl. Opt. Vol. 12, p. 455, Mar. 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. C. V. Shank and R. V. Schmidt, App1. Phys. Lett., Vol. 23, p. 154, Aug. 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. J. E. Goell, R. D. Standley, W. M. Gibson, and J. W. Rodgers Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 21, p. 72, July 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  81. S. Somekh et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 22, p. 46, Jan. 1973

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. R. Ulrich et al., App1. Phys. 1972. Vol. 20, p. 213, Mar. 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  83. E. A. Chandross, C. A. Pryde, W. J. Tomlinson, and H. P. Weber, App1. Phys. Lett., Vol. 24, p. 72, Jan. 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. I. P. Kaminow, “Optical waveguide modulators,” this issue pp. 57–70.

    Google Scholar 

  85. M. B. Panish, “Heterostructure injection lasers,” this issue, PP. 20–30.

    Google Scholar 

  86. P. K. Tien, R. Ulrich, and R. J Martin, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 14, p. 291, May 1969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. J. H. Harris and R. Shubert, in Internationnal Scientific Radio Union Spring Meeting Conf. Abstracts, Apr. 1969, p. 71.

    Google Scholar 

  88. D. Dalgoutte, Opt. Commun., Vol. 8, p. 124, June 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. R. Ulrich, J. Opt. Soc. Amer., Vol. 61, p. 1467, Nov. 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. J. of Vo H. Harris and R. Shubert, “Variable tunneling optical surface waves,” IEEE Trans. Microwave MTT-l9, pp. 269–276, Mar. 1971. excitation Theory Tech., Vol. MTT-19, pp. 269–276, Mar. 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  91. P. K. Tien and R. J. Martin, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 18, 398, May 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. R. V. Schmidt, D. C. Flanders, C. V. Shank, and R. D. Standley, Appi. Phys. Lett., Vol. 25, p. 651, Dec. 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. I. P. Kaminow, J. R. Carruthers, E. H. Turner, and L. W. Stulz, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol, 22, p. 540, May 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. I. P Kaminow, V. Ramaswamy, R. V. Schmidt, and E. H. Turner, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 24, p. 622, June 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. J. F. S. Ledger and E. A. Ash, Electron. Lett., Vol. 4, p. 99, March. 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  96. J. M. Hammer, D. J. Channin, and M. T. Duffy, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 23, p. 176, Aug. 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. M. A. deBarros and M. G. Wilson, Proc. Inst. Elec. Eng., Vol. 119, p. 807, July 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. P. K. Cheo, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 22, p. 241, Mar. 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  99. F. K. Reinhart, J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 39, p. 3426, June 1968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. D. Hall, A. Yariv, and E. Garmire, Opt. Commun., Vol. 1, p. 403, Apr. 1970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. F. K. Reinhart and B. I. Miller, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 20, p. 36, Jan. 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. F. K. Reinhart, Appl. Phys. Lett,, Vol. 22, p. 372, Apr. 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  103. R. M. De La Rue, C. Stewart, C. D. Wilkinson, and I. R. Williamson, Electron. Lett., Vol. 9, p. 326, July 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Y. Omachi, J. Appi. Phys., Vol. 44, p. 3928, Sept. 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. R. V. Schmidt, I. P. Kaminow, and J. R. Carruthers, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 23, p. 417, Oct. 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. R. V. Schmidt and I. P. Kam now, IEEE J. Quantum Electr:n. (Corresp.), Vol. QE-Il, pp. 57–59, Jan. 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  107. A. W. Warner, D. L. White and W. A. Bonner, J. Appl. Phys Vol. 43, p. 4489, Nov. 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. M. L. Shah, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 23, p. 75, July 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  109. F. R. Gfeller and C. W. Pitt, Electron. Lett, Vol. 8, p. 549, Nov. 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. J. P. Wittke, RCA Rev., Vol. 33, p. 674, Dec. 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  111. M. P. Panish and I. Hayashi, Applied Solid State Science. New York: Academic, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  112. H. Kressel, in Lasers, A. K. Levine and A. dentaria, Ed. New York: Dekker, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  113. L. A. D’Asaro, J. Luminescience, Vol. 7, pp. 310–337, 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. M. K. Barnoski, R. G. Hunsperger, and A. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 24, pp. 627–628, June 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. J. P. van der Ziel, W. A. Bonner, L. Kopf, and L. G. Van Uitert, Phys. Lett., Vol. 42A, p. 105, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. J. P. van der Ziel et al., App1. Phys. Lett., Vol. 22, p. 656, June 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. J. G. Grabznaier et al, Phys. Lett., Vol. 43A, p. 219, Mar. 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. M. Kawabe, H. Kotani, K. Masuda, and S. Namba, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  119. F. K. Reinhart, R. A. Logan, and T. P. Lee, App l. Phys. Lett., Vol. 24, p. 270, Mar. 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. M. Nakamura et al., App l. Phys. Lett., Vol. 24,p, 466, May 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  121. D. R. Scifres, R. D. Burnham, and W. Streifer, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 25, pp. 203–206, Aug. 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. W. S. Chang, M. W. Muller, and F. J. Rosenbaum, “Integrated optics,” in Laser Applications, Vol. 2. New York: Academic, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  123. H. F. Taylor and A. Yariv, “Guided wave optics,” Proc. IEEE, Vol. 62, pp. 1044–1060, Aug. 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, New Jersey, 07733, USA

    Herwig Kogelnik

Authors
  1. Herwig Kogelnik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. International Business Machines Corporation, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA

    Euval S. Barrekette

  2. State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, USA

    George W. Stroke

  3. Institute of Automation, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, USSR

    Yu. E. Nesterikhin

  4. University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Winston E. Kock

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kogelnik, H. (1978). An Introduction to Integrated Optics. In: Barrekette, E.S., Stroke, G.W., Nesterikhin, Y.E., Kock, W.E. (eds) Optical Information Processing. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7545-0_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7545-0_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-7547-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-7545-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation