Skip to main content

Animal Rhodopsin as a Photoelectric Generator

  • Chapter

Abstract

In 1964, Brown and Murakami1 recorded an electric potential from monkey retina by stimulating it with an intense light flash. This potential differed from other then known membrane potentials; the risetime was so fast that it exceeded the time resolution of existing recording devices. This electric signal was named the early receptor potential (ERP). The subsequent study of the light-induced events in the photoreceptor cells led to the understanding that the ERP develops too fast to be associated with postrhodopsin steps of the visual process (for review see Ref. 2). The amplitude of the intracellularly recorded ERP was no more than a few millivolts. Such a small magnitude of the photosignal made one regard the ERP as an epiphenomenon — a side-effect that cannot play a fundamental role in visual excitation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. K. T. Brown and M. Murakami, Nature (Lond.) 201:626–628 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. R. A. Cone and W. L. Pak, in: Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Vol. I. Principles of Receptor Physiology,“ W. R. Loewenstein, ed., pp. 345–365, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1971).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. D. Oesterhelt and W. Stoeckenius, Nature New Biol. 233:149–152 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. A.E. Blaurock and W. Stoeckenius, Nature New Biol. 233:152–155 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. H -W. Trissl and M. Montal, Nature (Lond.) 266:655–657 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. L.A. Drachev, A. D. Kaulen, and V. P. Skulachev, FEBS Lett. 87:161–167 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. S.-B. Hwang, J. I. Korenbrot, and W. Stoeckenius, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 509:300–317 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. F. T. Hong and M. Montal, Biophys. J. 25:465–472 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. V. I. Bolshakov, G. R. Kalamkarov, and M. A. Ostrovsky, Dokl. USSR 249:1485–1488 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. L.A. Drachev, A. D. Kaulen, L. V. Khitrina, and V. P. Skulachev, Eur. J. Biochem. 117:461–470 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. L. A. Drachev, G. R. Kalamkarov, A. D. Kaulen, M. A. Ostrovsky, and V. P. Skulachev, Eur. J. Biochem. 117:471–481 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. R. A. Cone, Science 155:1128–1131 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. S. E. Ostroy, Photochem. Photobiol. 14:747–751 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. F. T. Hong, Photochem. Photobiol. 24:155–189 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. F. T. Hong, Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 5:425–455 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. C. M. Radding and G. Wald, J. Gen. Physiol. 39:909–922 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. A. Ostrovsky, I. B. Fedorovich, and S. E. Polyak, Biofizika 13(2):338- 339 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  18. D. G. McConnell, C. N. Rafferty, and R. A. Dilley, J. Biol. Chem. 243:5820–5826 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. I. D. Pogozheva, V. A. Kuznetsov, V. A. Livshits, I. B. Fedorovich, and M. A. Ostrovsky, Biol. Membranv 2(9):880–896 (1985).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. G. M. Regan, W. J. De Grip, F. G. M. Daemen, and S. L. Bonting, Biochim. BioPhys. Acta 537:145–152 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. G. R. Kalamkarov, L. E. Skokan, and M. A. Ostrovsky, Biofizika 25(4):634–637 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. W. J. De Grip, G. L. M. Van de Larr, F. J. M. Daemen, and S. L. Bonting, I. Bolshakov, G. R. Kalamkarov, and M. A. Ostrovsky, Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR 240(5):1241–1244 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  23. V. I. Gedney, J. Ward, and S. E. Ostroy, Am. J. Physiol. 221:1754–1759 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. C. Gedney, J. Ward, and S. E. Ostroy, Am. J. Physiol. 221: 1754–1759 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. B. Honig, W. L. Hubbell, and R. F. Flewelling, Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biophys. Chem. 15:163–193 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. T. L. Okajima and F. T. Hong, Biophys. J. 50:901–912 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. F. T. Hong and T. L. Okajima, in: “Electrical Double Layers in Biology,”, M. Blank, ed., pp. 129–147, Plenum Press, New York (1986).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. T. F. Shevchenko, G. R. Kalamkarov, and M. A. Ostrovsky, Sensory Systems (USSR Acad. Sei.) 1:117–126 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. P. P. M. Schnetkamp and U. B. Kaupp, Biochemistry 24:723–727 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. M. A. Ostrovsky, in: “Membrane Transport Processes”, D. C. Tosteson, Yu. A. Ovchinnikov, and R. Lattorre, eds., pp. 217–243, Raven Press, New York (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  31. T. F. Shevchenko, G. R. Kalamkarov, and M. A. Ostrovsky, Biofizika 25(3):462–468 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. T. A. Dratz, G. P. Miljanich, P. P. Nemes, J. E. Gaw, and S. Schwartz, Photochem. Photobiol. 29:661–670 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. A. J. Adams, M. Tanaka, and H. Shichi, Exp. Eve Res. 27:595–605 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Yu. A. Ovchinnikov, FEBS Lett 148:179–191 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. R. L. Martin, C. Wood, W. Baehr, and M. L. Applebury, Science 232:1266–1269 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. Toyoda, J. H. Nosaki, and T. Tomita, Vision Res. 9:453–463 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. S. E. Ostroy, Biochim. BioPhys. Acta 463:91–125 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. F. T. Hong, in: Bioelectrochemistry: Ions, Surfaces, Membranes, M. Blank, ed., pp. 211–37, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1980).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  39. F. T. Hong and T. L. Okajima, in: “Biophysical Studies of Retinal Pro teins,”, T. G. Ebrey, H. Frauenfelder, B. Honig, and K. Nakanishi, eds., pp. 188–198, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  40. F. T. Hong, J. Electrochem. Soc. 134:3044–3052 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. S. Michaile and F. T. Hong, in: “Proc. 11th International Conference of IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, November 9–12, 1989, Seattle, WA”, F. A. Spelman and Y. Kim, eds., Institute of Electric and Electronic Engineers, Washington, DC, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  42. F. T. Hong, BioSvstems 19:223–236 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. R. Benz and U. Zimmermann, Biochim. BioPhys. Acta 597:637–642 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. R. Benz and U. Zimmermann, Biochim. BioPhys. Acta 640:169–178 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. G. Pilwat, R. Hampp, and U. Zimmermann, Planta (Berl.) 147:396–404 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. L. V. Chernomordik, Thesis. Electrochem. Inst, of USSR Acad. Sei., sssMoscow (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  47. L. A. Drachev, G. R. Kalamkarov, G. R. Kaulen, M. A. Ostrovsky, and V. P. Skulachev, FEBS Lett. 119:125–131 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. D. S. Cafiso and W. L. Hubbell, Biophys. J. 30:243–264 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. D. S. Cafiso and W. L. Hubbell, Photochem. Photobiol. 32:461–468 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. F. T. Hong, J. Molec. Electron, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  51. L. Stryer, Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 9:87–119 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ostrovsky, M.A. (1989). Animal Rhodopsin as a Photoelectric Generator. In: Hong, F.T. (eds) Molecular Electronics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7482-8_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7482-8_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-7484-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-7482-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics