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Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry pp 239–271Cite as

Electrochemical Processes at Biological Interfaces

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Abstract

The conversion of metabolic energy into useful work is a highly efficient process in biological cells. The oxidation of glucose provides a convenient example of a common biological oxidation; the overall reaction may be represented as follows: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy The complete oxidation of a mole of glucose, under standard conditions, would result in a free-energy release of 686 kcal. Were this energy released in the form of heat, it would be sufficient to disrupt cellular structure. Instead, most of the energy obtained from this oxidation, as well as the oxidation of other foodstuffs (carbohydrates, lipids, or amino acids) is utilized, with few exceptions, to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The free energy necessary to synthesize ATP from adenosine diphosphate under physiological conditions has been estimated somewhere between 7 and 12kcal/mole.1–3 This is the same amount of energy released from ATP in its transformation into useful work by biological cells. Thus, the free energy available from the oxidation of foodstuffs is transformed into smaller “packets of energy” more readily utilized by biological cells.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    Lazaro J. Mandel

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  1. Lazaro J. Mandel
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physical Sciences, The Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    J. O’M. Bockris

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    B. E. Conway

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© 1972 Plenum Press, New York

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Mandel, L.J. (1972). Electrochemical Processes at Biological Interfaces. In: Bockris, J.O., Conway, B.E. (eds) Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7440-8_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7440-8_4

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