Abstract
The capability to extract objective and quantitatively accurate information from multi-dimensional biomedical images has not kept pace with the capabilities to produce the images themselves. This is a paradox, since on the one hand the new 3-D and 4-D imaging capabilities promise significant potential for providing greater specificity and sensitivity (i.e., precise objective discrimination and accurate quantitative measurement of body tissue characteristics and function) in clinical diagnostic and basic investigative imaging procedures than ever possible before, but on the other hand, the momentous advances in computer and associated electronic imaging technology which have made these 3-D imaging modalities possible have not been concomitantly developed for full exploitation of their capabilities. We have developed a network approach which integrates powerful new microcomputer-based systems and permits detailed investigations and evaluation of 3-D and 4-D (dynamic 3-D) biomedical images. The network features an “intelligent” manager for efficient allocation of resources and ready access to all the information in a large 3-D image data base for rapid display, manipulation, and measurement. The system software provides important capabilities for displaying, manipulating and quantitatively analyzing both structural and functional data and their relationships in various organs of the body. Although the overall power of the system comes from the synergistic integration and utilization of networked components, the architecture permits and has fostered development of advanced image processing software which is transportable to a variety of stand-alone workstations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barillot, C., Gibaud, B., Scarabin, J. M., and Coatrieux, J. L. (1985). 3-D reconstruction of cerebral blood vessels, IEEE CGA, 5, 13–19.
Baxter, B., Hitchner, L. E., and Anderson, R. E. (1982). Application of a three-dimensional display in diagnostic imaging, JCAT, 6, 1000–1005.
Birkner, D. A. (1984). Design considerations for a user oriented PACS, Proc. ISMII 84, 89–101
Bloch, P. and Udupa, J. K. (1983). Application of computerized tomography to radiation therapy and surgical planning, Proc. IEEE, 71, 351–355.
Camp, J. J., Stacy, M. C., and Robb, R. A. (1987), A system for interactive volume analysis (SIVA) of 4-D biomedical images, J. Med. Sys., (In Press).
Durbin, R. M., Burns, R., Moulai, J., Metcalf, P., Freymann, D., Blum, M., Anderson, J. E., Harrison, S. C., and Wiley, D. C. (1986). Protein, DNA, and virus crystallography with a focused imaging proportional counter, Science, 232: 1127–1132.
Fellingham, L. L., Vogel, J. H., Lau, C., and Dev, P. (1986). Interactive graphics and 3-D modelling for surgical planning and prosthesis and implant design, Proc. NCGA 86, 3, 132–142.
Fuchs, H., Pizer, S. M., Heinz, E. R., Bloomberg, S. H., Tsai, L. C., and Strickland, D. C. (1982). Design of and image editing with a space-filling 3-D display based on a standard raster graphics system, Proc. SPIE, 367: 117–127.
Fuchs, H. and Pizer, S. M. (1984). Systems for three-dimensional display of medical images, Proc. 1984 Intl. Joint Alpine Symp., 1–6.
Glenn, W. V., Jr., Johnson, R. J., Morton, P. E. and Dwyer, S. J., III (1975). Image generation and display techniques for CT scan data: Thin transverse and reconstructed coronal and sagittal planes, Invest. Radiol., 10: 403–416.
Goldwasser, S. M., Reynolds, R. A., Bapty, T., Baraff, D., Summers, J., Talton, D., and Walsh, E. (1985). Physicians workstation with real-time performance, IEEE NCA, 5: 44–57.
Goldwasser, S. M. (1984). A generalized object display processor architecture, IEEE CGA, 4: 43–55.
Gray, M. J. and Rutherford, H. (1984). Functional specifications of a useful digital multi-modality image workstation, Proc. ISMII 84, 8–12.
Grewer, R., Monnich, K. J., Schmidt, J., Svensson, H., and Wendler, Th. (1985). Design of interactive workstations for the interpretation of medical images in pictorial information systems, Proc. Intl. Symp. CAR 85, 679–686.
Harris, L. D., Robb, R. A., Yuen, T. S., and Ritman, E. L. (1978a). Non-invasive numerical dissection and display of anatomic structure using computerized x-ray tomography, Proc. SPIE, 152, 10–18.
Harris, L. D., Camp, J. J., Ritman, E. L., and Robb, R. A. (1986). Three-dimensional display and analysis of tomographic volume images utilizing a varifocal mirror, IEEE Trans. Med. Imag., 5: 67–72.
Harris, L. D. (1981). Identification of the optimal orientation of oblique sections through multiple parallel CT images, JCAT, 5: 881–887.
Harris, L. D. and Camp, J. J. (1984). Display and analysis of tomographic volumetric images utilizing a vari-focal mirror, Proc. SPIE, 507: 38–45.
Harris, L. D., Robb, R. A., Johnson, S. A., and Khalafalla, A. S. (1978b). Stereo display of computed tomographic data, in: “Challenges and Prospects for Advanced Medical Systems,” H. E. Emlet, Jr., ed., Symposia Specialists, Inc., Miami, FL, pp. 127–135.
Harris, L. D., Evans, T. C., and Greenleaf, J. F. (1980). Display of 3-D ultrasonic images, in: “Acoustical Imaging”, K. Y. Wang, ed., pp. 227–237.
Heffernan, P. B. and Robb, R. A. (1985a). A new method for shaded surfaced display of biological and medical images, IEEE Trans. Med. Imag., 4: 26–38.
Heffernan, P. B. and Robb, R. A. (1985b). Display and analysis of 4-D medical images, Proc. Intl. Symp. CAR 85, 583–592.
Herman, G. T., Udupa, J. K., Kramer, D. M., Lauterbur, P. C., Rudin, A. M., and Schneider, J. S. (1982). Three-dimensional display of nuclear magnetic resonance images, Opt. Eng., 21: 923–926.
Herman, G. T. and Liu, H. K. (1977). Display of three-dimensional information in computed tomography, JCAT, 1: 155–160.
Herman, G. T. (1986). Computer produced stereoscopic display in radiology, Proc. NCGA 86, 3: 71–79.
Hodges, L. F. and McAllister, D. F. (1985). Stereo and alternating-pair techniques for display of computer-generated images, IEEE CGA, 5: 38–45.
Hoffman, E. A. and Heffernan, P. B. (1985a). A computer graphics-aided 3-D analysis of heart-lung interaction reconstructed via DSR scanning, Proc. NCGA, 3: 81–92.
Hoffman, E. A. and Ritman, E. L. (1985b). Invariant total heart volume in the intact thorax, Am. J. Physiol.: Heart Circ. Physiol., 249: 883–890.
Hunter, G. M. (1984). 3-D frame buffers for interactive analysis of 3-D data, Proc. SPIE, 507: 178–182.
Jackson, I. T. and Bite, U. (1986). Three-dimensional CT scanning and major reconstructive surgery of head.and neck, Mayo Clinic Proc., 61: 546–555.
Jansson, D. G. and Kosowsky, R. P. (1984). Display of moving volumetric images, Proc. SPIE, 507: 82–92.
Jimenez, J., Santisteban, A., Carazo, J. M., and Carrascosa, J. L. (1986). Computer graphic display method for visualizing three-dimensional biological structures, Science, 232: 1113–1115.
Kehtarnavaz, N., Philippe, E. A., and de Figueiredo, R. J. P. (1984). A novel surface reconstruction and display method for cardiac PET imaging, IEEE Trans. Med. Imag., 3: 108–115.
Lenz, R. (1984). Processing and presentation of 3-D images, Proc. ISMII 84, 298–303.
Lipton, L. (1984). Binocular symmetries as criteria for the successful transmission of images in the stereo-dimensional (TM) brand stereoscopic video system, Proc. SPIE, 507, 108–113.
Marsh, J. L. and Vannier, M. W. (1983). The “third” dimension in craniofacial surgery, Plas. Region. Surg., 71, 759–767.
Matsumoto, M., Inoue, M., Tamura, S., Tanaka, K., and Abe, H. (1981). Three-dimensional echocardiography for spatial visualization and volume calculation of cardiac structures, J. Clin. Ultrasound, 9, 157–165.
News (1985). ATT ventures into radiology market with DIM system, Diag. Imag., 7, 45.
Oswald, H. (1985). A medical workstation for three-dimensional display of computed tomogram images, Proc. Intl. Symp. CAR 85, 565–577.
Pizer, S. M., Zimmerman, J. B., and Staab, E. V. (1984). Adaptive grey level assignment in CT scan display, JCAT, 8, 300–305.
Pizer, S. M., Fuchs, H., Mosher, C., Lifshitz, L., Abram, G. D., Ramanathan, S., Whitney, B. T., Rosenman, J. G., Staab, E. V., Chaney, E. L., and Sherouse, G. (1986). 3-D shaded graphics in radiotherapy and diagnostic imaging, Proc. NCGA 186, 3, 107–113.
Rao, K. H. S. and Shas, A. V. (1984). Computer assisted thermography and its application in ovulation detection, Proc. ISMII 84, 459–464.
Rhodes, M. L., Azzawi, Y. M., Chu, E. S., Pang, A. T., Glenn, W. V., and Rothman, S. L. G. (1985). A network solution for structure models and custom prostheses manufacturing from CT data, Proc. Intl. Symp. CAR 185, 403–412.
Rhodes, M. L., Glenn, W. V., Rothman, S. L. G., Azzawi, Y. M., and Quinn, J. F. (1984). CT image processing using commercial digital networks, Proc. 1984 Intl. Joint Alpine Symp., 37–43.
Rhodes, M. L., Glenn, W. V., Jr., and Azzawi, Y. M. (1980). Extracting oblique planes from serial CT sections, JCAT, 4, 649–654.
Risser, T. (1984). Processing and presentation of 3-D images, Proc. ISMII 184, 61–65.
Ritman, E. L., Kinsey, J. H., Robb, R. A., Gilbert, B. K., Harris, L. D., and Wood, E. H. (1980). Three-dimensional imaging of heart, lungs, and circulation, Science, 210, 273–280.
Robb, R. A. (1983). High-speed three-dimensional x-ray computed tomography: The Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor, Proc. IEEE, 71, 308–319.
Robb, R. A., Heffernan, P. B., Camp, J. J., and Hanson, D. P. (1986). A workstation for interactive display and quantitative analysis of 3-D and 4-D biomedical images, Proc. 10th Annual Symp. Computer Appl. Med. Care, IEEE Cat. No. 84CH234l -6, 240–256.
Robb, R. A. (1985). “Three-Dimensional Biomedical Imaging,” Volumes I and I I, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Robbin, M. L., An, K. N., Linscheid, R. L., and Ritman, E. L. (1986). Anatomic and kinematic analysis of the human forearm using high-speed computed tomography, Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 24, 164–168.
Scharnweber, H. and Tonnie, K. D. (1984). Three-dimensional reconstruction and display of complex anatomical objects, Proc. 1984 Intl. Joint Alpine Symp., 711.
Schwartz, E. L. and Merker, B. (1986). Computer-aided neuroanatomy: Differential geometry of cortical surfaces and an optimal flattening algorithm, IEEE CGA, 6, 36–44.
Seide, K. and Ritman, E. L. (1984). Three-dimensional dynamic x-ray computed tomography imaging of stomach motility, 1984, Am. Physiol. Society, G574 - G581.
Sher, L. D. (1986). Graphics in space: See it now, Proc. NCGA, 3, 101–106.
Simon, W. (1977). A spinning mirror auto-stereoscopic display, Proc. SPIE, 120, 180–183.
Toga, A. W. and Arnicar, T. L. (1985). Image analysis of brain physiology, IEEE CGA, 5, 20–25.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Robb, R.A., Stacy, M.C., McEwan, C.N. (1988). A Networked Workstation Approach to Multi-Dimensional Biomedical Image Analysis. In: de Graaf, C.N., Viergever, M.A. (eds) Information Processing in Medical Imaging. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7263-3_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7263-3_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-7265-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-7263-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive