Abstract
The increased interest in temperamental qualities during the last 20 years has corrected the theoretical imbalance created by 50 years of extreme environmental interpretations of the sources of behavioral variation in children by reminding investigators of the interdependence of agents and their surroundings. Biological and behavioral phenomena are emergent events resulting from the interactions of inherent qualities within the agent and facilitating or constraining conditions in the contexts in which the agent grows. Scholars have always had difficulty finding a clear, satisfying way to describe the sense meanings of the terms emergent and interaction, resorting often to illustrative examples from embryology. If a biologist transfers primordial neural crest cells that are destined to become part of the cornea to a different site, those cells may grow into a ganglion of the sympathetic chain if the transfer occurs before a critical time in the differentiation of the cells.
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Kagan, J., Reznick, J.S., Snidman, N. (1990). The Temperamental Qualities of Inhibition and Lack of Inhibition. In: Lewis, M., Miller, S.M. (eds) Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7142-1_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7142-1_17
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