Abstract
The four orders (Psocoptera, Phthiraptera, Hemiptera, and Thysanoptera) that constitute the hemipteroid group are united by the following features: specialized, usually suctorial, mouthparts; small anal lobe in hind wing; wing venation reduced; cerci absent; few Malpighian tubules; and ventral nerve cord with few discrete ganglia. On the whole, the hemipteroid group is more homogeneous than the orthopteroid group, although two evolutionary lines have developed, leading to the Psocoptera-Phthiraptera, on the one hand, and the Hemiptera-Thysanoptera, on the other.
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Literature
Lewis, T., 1973, Thrips, Their Biology, Ecology and Economic Importance, Academic Press, New York.
Morison, G. D., 1949, Thysanoptera of the London area, London Naturalist Reprint 59: 1–131.
Stannard, L. J., Jr., 1968, The thrips, or Thysanoptera, of Illinois, Bull. Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. 29 (4): 213–552.
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Gillott, C. (1980). The Hemipteroid Orders. In: Entomology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6918-3_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6918-3_8
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