Abstract
In general, heat flows from here to there by three distinct mechanisms:
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by conduction, or the transfer of energy from matter to adjacent matter by direct contact, without intermixing or flow of any material.
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by convection, or the transfer of energy by the bulk mixing of clumps of material. In natural convection it is the difference in density of hot and cold fluid which causes the mixing. In forced convection a mechanical agitator or an externally imposed pressure difference (by fan or compressor) causes the mixing.
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by radiation such as light, infrared, ultraviolet and radio waves which emanate from a hot body and are absorbed by a cooler body.
In turn, let us briefly summarize the findings on these three mechanisms of heat transfer.
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References and Related Readings
Conduction
E. F. Adiutori, The New Heat Transfer, Venturo, Cincinnati (1974).
W. H. McAdams, Heat Transmission, Third Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1954).
J. R. Welty, Engineering Heat Transfer, Second Ed., Wiley, New York (1978).
Convection
J. S. M. Botterill, “Fluidized Bed Behavior,” in Fluidized Beds, Combustion and Applications (J. R. Howard ed.), Applied Science, New York (1983).
V. Cavaseno, ed., Process Heat Exchange, pp. 20,101,130,140, McGraw-Hill, New York (1979).
W. M. Kays and M. E. Crawford, Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, Second Ed., Chapter 8, McGraw-Hill, New York (1980).
D. Kunii and O. Levenspiel, Fluidization Engineering, Krieger Melbourne, FL (1979).
W. H. McAdams, Heat Transmission, Third ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1954).
R. H. Perry and C. H. Chilton, Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, Fifth Ed., Sec. 10, McGraw-Hill, New York (1973).
W. E. Ranz and W. R. Marshall, Jr., Evaporation from drops, Chem. Eng. Prog. 48, 141 (1952).
Radiation
H. C. Hottel, Radiant heat transmission, Mech. Eng. 52, 699 (1930).
H. C. Hottel and A. F. Sarofim, Radiative Transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York (1967).
M. Jakob, Heat Transfer, Vol. 2, Wiley, New York (1957).
W. H. McAdams, Heat Transmission, Third Ed., Chapter 4, McGraw-Hill, New York (1954).
M. Siegel and J. R. Howell, Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, Second Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1981).
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© 1984 Plenum Press, New York
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Levenspiel, O. (1984). The Three Mechanisms of Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation. In: Engineering Flow and Heat Exchange. The Plenum Chemical Engineering Series. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6907-7_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6907-7_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
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