Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Management of Infections in Leukemia and Lymphoma

  • Chapter
Clinical Approach to Infection in the Compromised Host

Abstract

Much of the useful clinical information—as well as persisting controversies surrounding the management of infectious problems in the immunocompromised host—has come from studies of patients with leukemias and lymphomas. That these diseases should be the object of great interest is not difficult to fathom: they are rapidly or ultimately fatal if untreated, the magnitude of treatment with cytotoxic and immunosuppressive agents has few parallels in the therapy of any human illness (probably exceeded only by bone marrow transplantation, which is most often employed for leukemia), and the infectious problems are acute, life threatening, and sometimes highly unusual. Infectious problems developing in other types of immunocompromised patients often result from utilization of the same medications and therapeutic strategies initially attempted in patients with hematologic malignancies. At many medical centers, individuals with acute leukemia have the most severe impairment of host-defense mechanisms and represent the prime example of the immunocompromised host.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. L Chilcote RR, Baehner RL, Hammond D, et al: Septicemia and meningitis in children splenectomized for Hodgkin’s disease. N Engl J Med 295: 798–800, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Winston DJ, Wang DC, Feig SA, et al: Pneumococcal infections after human bone marrow transplantation. Ann Intern Med 91: 835–841, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Armstrong D, Young LS, Meyer RD, et al: Infectious complications of neoplastic disease. Med ClinNorthAm 55: 729–745, 1971.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Goldschmidt MC, Bodey GP: The effect of chemotherapy upon microorganisms isolated from cancer patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1: 348–353, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Schabel FM, Pittillo RF: Screening for and biological characterizations of anti-tumor agents using microorganisms. Adv Appl Microbiol 3: 223–256, 1961.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Miller SP, Shanbrom E: Infectious syndromes of leukemia and lymphomas. Am J Med Sci 246: 420–428, 1963.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Cline MJ: Acute myelocytic leukemia. In Cline MJ (ed): The White Cell. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1976, pp. 203–224.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cline MJ: Defective mononuclear phagocyte function in myelomonocytic leukemia and in some patients with lymphomas. J Clin Invest 52: 2815–2819, 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Cline MJ: A test of individual phagocyte function in a mixed population of leukocytes. Identifications of a neutrophil abnormality in acute myelocytic leukemia. J Lab Clin Med 81: 311–315, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Lehrer RI, Cline MJ: Leukocyte candidacidal activity and resistance to systemic candidiasis in patients with cancer. Cancer 27: 1211–1217, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Hughes WT, Feldman S, Aur RJA, et al: Intensity of immunosuppressive therapy and the incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. Cancer 36: 2004–2009, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Baehner RL, Neiburger RG, Johnson DE, et al: Transient bactericidal defect of peripheral blood phagocytes from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving craniospinal irradiation. N Engl J Med 289: 1209–1213, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Edwards JE, Lehrer RI, Stiehm ER, et al: Severe candidal infections. Ann Intern Med 89: 91–106, 1978.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Meyer RD, Young LS, Armstrong D: Aspergillosis complicating neoplastic disease. Am J Med 54: 6–15, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Meyer RD, Rosen P, Armstrong D: Phycomycosis complicating leukemia and lymphoma. Ann Intern Med 77: 87 1879, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Epstein SM, Verney E, Miale TD, et al: Studies on the pathogenesis of experimental pulmonary aspergillosis. Am J Pathol 51: 769–777, 1967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Young LS, Meyer RD, Armstrong D: Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine in cancer patients. Ann Intern Med 79: 518–527, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Wollman MW, Young LS, Haghbin M, et al: Anti-Pseudomonas heat-stable opsonins in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood. J Pediatr 86: 376–381, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Young LS, Martin WJ, Meyer RD, et al: Gram-negative rod bacteremia: Microbiologic, immunologic and therapeutic considerations. Ann Intern Med 86: 456–471, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Forsgren A, Schmeling D, Banck G: Effect of antibiotics on chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. Infection 6(suppl):S102—S 106, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bjorksten B, Ray C, Quie PG: Inhibition of human neutrophil chemotaxis and chemiluminescence by amphotericin B. Infect Immun 14: 315–317, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Lehrer RI: Inhibition by sulfonamides of the candidacidal activity of human neutrophils. J Clin Invest 50: 2498–2505, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. King GW, Yanes B, Hurtubise PE, et al: Immune function of successfully treated lymphoma patients. J Clin Invest 57: 1451–1460, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Cline 1J: Lymphocytic lymphoma. Hodgkin’s disease, and other chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. In Cline MJ (ed): The White Cell. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1975, pp. 425–456.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Young RC, Corder MP, Haynes HA, et al: Delayed hypersensitivity in Hodgkin’s disease. Am J Med 56: 63–72, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Steigbigel RT, Lambert LH, Remington J: Polymorphonuclear leukocyte, monocyte, and macrophage bactericidal function in patients with Hodgkin’s disease. J Lab Clin Med 88: 54–62, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Sheagren JN, Block JB, Wolff SM: Reticuloendothelial system phagocytic function in patients with Hodgkin’s disease. J Clin Invest 46: 855–862, 1967.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ward PA, Berenberg JL: Defective regulation of inflammatory mediators in Hodgkin’s disease. N Engl J Med 290: 76–80, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Brown RS, Haynes HA, Foley HT, et al: Hodgkin’s disease: Immunologic, clinical, and histologic features in 50 untreated patients. Ann Intern Med 67: 291–300, 1967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Weitzman SA, Aisenberg AC, Siber GR, et al: Impaired humoral immunity in treated Hodgkin’s disease. N Engl J Med 297: 245–248, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Hersh EM, Bodey GP, Nies BA: Cause of death in acute leukemia. JAMA 193: 105–109, 1965.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Viola MV: Acute leukemia and infection. JAMA 201: 923–928, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Hughes WT: Fatal infections in childhood leukemia. Am J Dis Child 122: 283–287, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Levine AS, Schimpff SC, Graw RG Jr, et al: Hematologic malignancies and other marrow failure states: Progress in the management of complicating infections. Semin Hematol 11: 141–202, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Chang H-Y, Rodriguez V, Narboni G, et al: Causes of death in adults with acute leukemia. Medicine (Baltimore) 55: 259–268, 1976.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Casazza AR, Duvall CP, Carbone PP: Summary of infectious complications occurring in patients with Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer Res 26: 1290–1296, 1966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Coker DD, Morris DM, Coleman JJ, et al: Infection among 210 patients with surgically staged Hodgkin’s disease. Am J Med 97: 109–115, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Feld R, Bodey GP: Infections in patients with malignant lymphoma treated with combination chemotherapy. Cancer 39: 1018–1025, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Estey EH, Keating MJ, McCredie KB, et al: Causes of initial remission induction failure in acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood 60: 309–315, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Notter D, Grossman P, Rosenberg SA, et al: Infections in patients with Hodgkin’s disease. Rev InfectDis 2: 761–800, 1980.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Bodey GP, Rodriguez V, Valdivieso M, et al: Amikacin for treatment of infections in patients with malignant disease. J Infect Dis 134 (suppl): 5421 — S427, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Valdivieso M, Gil-Extremera B, Zornoza J, et al: Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia in the compromised host. Medicine (Baltimore) 56: 241–254, 1977.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Burke PJ, Braine HG, Rathbun HK, et al: The clinical significance and management of fever in acute myelocytic leukemia. Johns Hopkins Med J 139: 1–12, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Young LS: Nosocomial infection in the immunocompromised adult. Am J Med 70: 398–404, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Silver RT, Utz JP, Frei E, et al: Fever, infection and host resistance in acute leukemia. Am J Med 24: 25–39, 1958.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Raab SO, Hoeprich PD, Wintrobe MM, et al: The clinical significance of fever in acute leukemia. Blood 16: 1609 1628, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Boggs DR, Frei E III: Clinical studies of fever and infection in cancer. Cancer 13: 1240–1253, 1960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Bodey GP, Rodriguez V, Chang H-Y, et al: Fever and infection in leukemia patients. Cancer 41: 1610–1622, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Goodall PT, Vosti KL: Fever in acute myelogenous leukemia. Arch Intern Med 135: 1197–1203, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Atkinson K, Kay HEM, McElwain TJ: Fever in the neutropenic patient. Br Med J 3: 160–161, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Young LS: Amikacin: Experience in a comparative clinical trial with gentamicin in leukopenic subjects. In Luthy R, Siegenthaler W (eds): Current Chemotherapy American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1978, pp. 246248.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Wade JC, Schimpff SC, Newman KA, et al: Piperacillin or ticarcillan plus amikacin. A double-blind prospective comparison of empiric antibiotic therapy in febrile granulocytopenic cancer patients. Am J Med 71: 983–989, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Pizzo PA, Hathorn JW, Hiemenz J, et al: A randomized trial comparing ceftazidime alone with combination therapy in cancer patients with fever and neutropenia. N Engl J Med 315: 552–558, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Krick JA, Remington JS: Opportunistic invasive fungal infections in patients with leukemia and lymphoma. Clin Haematol 5: 249–310, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Wade JC, Schimpff SC, Newman KA, et al: Staphylococcus epidermidis: An increasing cause of infection in patients with granulocytopenia. Ann Intern Med 97: 503–508, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Carney DN, Fossieck BE, Parker RH, et al: Bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus in patients with cancer: Report on 45 cases in adults and review of the literature. Rev Infect Dis 4: 1–27, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Armstrong D: Infectious complications of lymphosarcome. In Molander DW (ed): Lymphoproliferative Diseases. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1975, pp. 94–109.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Walzer PD, Perl DP, Krogstad DJ, et al: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the United States: Epidemiologic, diagnostic, and clinical features. In Symposium on Pneumocystis Carinii Infection. NCI Monograph 43. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 1976, pp. 55–63.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Cohen J, Pinching AJ, Rees Ai, Peters DK: Infections and immunosuppression: A study of infective complications of 75 patients with immunologically mediated disease. QJMed 51: 1–15, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Kaplan MH, Rosen PP, Armstrong D: Cryptococcosis in a cancer hospital. Cancer 39: 2265–2274, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Kaplan MH, Armstrong D, Rosen P: Tuberculosis complicating neoplastic disease: A review of 201 cases. Cancer 33: 850–858, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Kauffman CA, Israel KS, Smith JW, et al: Histoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients. Am J Med 64: 923–932, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Davies SF, Khan M, Sarosi GA: Disseminated histoplasmosis in immunologically suppressed patients. Occurrence in a nonendemic area. Am J Med 64: 94–99, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Cox F, Hughes WT: Disseminated histoplasmosis and childhood leukemia. Cancer 33: 1127–1134, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Deresinski SC, Stevens DA: Coccidioidomycosis in compromised hosts. Medicine (Baltimore) 54: 377–395, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Wilson JF, Marsa GW, Johnson RE: Herpes zoster in Hodgkin’s disease: Clinical, histologic, and immunologic correlations. Cancer 29: 461–465, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Feldman S, Hughes WT, Kim HY: Herpes zoster in children with cancer. Am J Dis Child 126: 178–184, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Schimpff SC, O’Connel MJ, Green WH, et al: Infections in 92 splenectomized patients with Hodgkin’s disease. Am J Med 59: 695–701, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Sokal JE, Firat D: Varicella zoster infection in Hodgkin’s disease. Clinical and epidemiological aspects. Am J Med 39: 452–463, 1965.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Reboul F, Donaldson SS, Kaplan HS: Herpes zoster and varicella infections in children with Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer 41: 95–99, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Bishop JF, Schimpff SC, Diggs CH, et al: Infections during intensive chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Ann Intern Med 95: 549–555, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Shaikh BS, Lombard RM, Appelbaum PC, et al: Changing patterns of infections in patients with multiple myeloma. Oncology 39: 78–82, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Twomey JJ: Infections complicating multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocyte leukemia. Arch Intern Med 132: 56 2565, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Levine AM, Overturf GD, Field RF, et al: Use and efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in patients with Hodgkin’s disease. Blood 54: 1171–1175, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Weibel RE, Villa PP, McLean AA, et al: Studies in human subjects of polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 156: 144–148, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Folland D, Armstrong D, Seides S, et al: Pneumococcal bacteremia in patients with neoplastic disease. Cancer 33: 845–849, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Nauseef WM, Maki DG: A study of the value of simple protective isolation in patients with granulocytopenia. N Engl J Med 304: 448–453, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Pizzo PA, Levine AS: The utility of protected environment regimens for the compromised host: a critical assessment. Prog Hematol 10: 311–332, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Gale RP, Cline MJ: High remission induction rate in acute myeloid leukaemia. Lancet 1: 497–500, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Rodriguez V, Bodey GP, Freireich EJ, et al: Randomized trial of protected environment-prophylactic antibiotics in 145 adults with acute leukemia. Medicine (Baltimore) 57: 253–266, 1978.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Berdischewsky M, Young LS: Infectious complications of neoplastic disorders and their management. In Franklin EC (ed): Current Topics in Immunology. Elsevier North-Holland, New York, 1979, pp. 307–338.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Rhame FS, Streifel AJ, Kersey JH Jr, et al: Extrinsic risk factors for pneumonia in the patient at high risk of infection. Am J Med 76 (5A): 42–52, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Schimpff SC, Greene WH, Young VM, et al: Infection prevention in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Laminar air flow room reverse isolation with oral, nonabsorbable antibiotic prophylaxis. Ann Intern Med 82: 351–358, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Young LS: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and bacterial infections during leukemia therapy. Ann Intern Med 95: 508–509, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. EORTC Antimicrobial Therapy Project Group: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the prevention of infection in neutropenic patients. J Infect Dis 150: 372–379, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Weiser B, Lange M, Fialk MA, et al: Prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole during consolidation chemotherapy for acute leukemia: A controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 95: 436–438, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Wade JC, DeJongh CA, Newman KA, et al: A comparison of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to nalidixic acid: Selective decontamination as infection prophylaxis during granulocytopenia. J Infect Dis 147: 624–634, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Dekker AW, Rozenberg-Arska M, Sixma JJ, et al: Prevention of infection with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus amphotericin-B in patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Ann Intern Med 95: 555–559, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Wells EL, Podzorski RP, Rhame F, et al: Incidence of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole resistant enterobacteriaceae among transplant recipients. J Infect Dis 150: 699–706, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Pizzo PA, Robichand KJ, Edwards B, et al: Oral antibiotic prophylaxis in cancer patients: A double blind, randomized placebo controlled trial. J Pediatr 102: 125–133, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Young LS: Antimicrobial prophylaxis against infection in neutropenic patients. J Infect Dis 147: 611–614, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Scully BE, Parry MF, Neu H, et al: Oral ciprofloxacin therapy of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lancet 1: 819–822, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Vereerstraeten P, Stolean JC, Shoutens E, et al: Erythromycin prophylaxis for Legionnaire’s disease in immunosuppressed patients in a contaminated hospital environment. Transplantation 41: 52–54, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Young LS: Double Beta-lactam therapy in the immunocompromised host. J Antimicrob Chemother 16: 4–6, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Hughes WT: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. N Engl J Med 297: 1381–1383, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Hughes WT, Rivera GK, Schell MI, et al: Successful intermittent chemophrophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. New Eng J Med 316: 1627–1632, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Strumia MM: The effect of leukocytic cream injections in the treatment of the neutropenias. Am J Med Sci 187: 527–544, 1934.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Brecker G, Wilbur KM, Cronkhite EP: Transfusion of separated leukocytes into irradiated dogs with aplastic marrows. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 84: 54–56, 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Goldman JM, Lowenthal RM (eds): Leukocytes: Separation, Collection and Transfusion. Academic, New York, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Greenwald TJ, Jamieson GA (eds): The Granulocyte: Function and Clinical Utilization. Liss, New York, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Aisner J, Schiffer CA, Wiernik PH: Granulocyte transfusions: Evaluation of factors influencing results and a comparison of filtration and intermittent centrifugation leukopheresis. Br J Haematol 38: 121–129, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Boggs DR: Transfusion of neutrophils as prevention or treatment of infection in patients with neutropenia. N Engl J Med 290: 1055–1062, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Boggs DR: Neutrophils in the blood bank. N Engl J Med 296: 748–750, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Fortuny IE, Bloomfield CD, Hadlock DC, et al: Granulocyte transfusion: A controlled study in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Transfusion 15: 548–558, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Love LJ, Schimpff SC, Schiffer CA, et al: Improved prognosis of granulocytopenic patients with gram-negative rod bacteremia. Am J Med 68: 643–648, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Higby DJ, Yates JW, Henderson ES: Filtration leukapheresis for granulocyte transfusion therapy. N Engl J Med 292: 761–766, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Herzig RH, Herzig GP, Graw RG Jr, et al: Successful granulocyte transfusion therapy for gram-negative septicemia. N Engl J Med 296: 701–705, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Alavi JB, Root RK, Djerassi I, et al: A randomized clinical trial of granulocyte transfusions for infection in acute leukemia. N Engl J Med 296: 706–711, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Vogler WR, Winton EF: A controlled study of the efficacy of granulocyte transfusions in patients with neutropenia. Am J Med 63: 548–555, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. EORTC Antimicrobial Therapy Project Group: Early granulocyte transfusions for high risk febrile neutropenic patients. Swiss Med J 113 (suppl 14): 46–48, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Winston DJ, Ho WG, Gale RP: Therapeutic granulocyte transfusions for documented infections. A controlled trial in 95 infectious granulocytopenic episodes. Ann Intern Med 97: 509–515, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Clift RA, Sanders JE, Thomas ED, et al: Granulocyte transfusions for the prevention of infection in patients receiving bone marrow transplants. N Engl J Med 298: 1052–1057, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Strauss RG, Connett JE, Gale RP, et al: Controlled trial of prophylactic granulocyte transfusions during initial induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia. N Engl J Med 305: 598–603, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Winston DJ, Ho WG, Young LS, et al: Prophylactic gran ulocyte transfusions during human bone marrow transplantation. Am J Med 68: 893–897, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Schiffer CA, Aisner J, Daly PA, et al: Alloimmunization following prophylactic granulocyte transfusion. Blood 54: 766–774, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Ford JM, Culen MH: Prophylactic granulocyte transfusions. Exp Hematol 5 (suppl): 65–73, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Tolkoff-Rubin NE, Rubin RH, Keller EE, et al: Cytomegalovirus infection in dialysis patients and personnel. Ann Intern Med 89: 625–628, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Bodey GP, Nies BA, Mohberg NR, et al: Use of gammaglobulins in infection in acute leukemia patients. JAMA 190: 1099–1102, 1964.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Bowden RA, Sayers M, Flournoy N, et al: Cytomegalovirus immune globulin and seronegative blood products to prevent primary cytomegalovirus infection after marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 314: 1006–1010, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Delker LL, Moser RH, Nelson JD, et al: Amantidine: Does it have a role in the prevention and treatment of influenza ? Ann Intern Med 92: 256–258, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Young LS: Immunoprophylaxis and serotherapy of bacterial infections. Am J Med 76: 664–671, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Young LS: Gram-negative sepsis. In Mandell G, Douglas JG, Bennett JE (eds): Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 2nd Ed. Wiley, New York, 1985, pp. 452–475.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Feller I, Pierson C: Pseudomonas vaccine and hyperimmune plasma for burned patients. Arch Surg 97: 225–229, 1968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Sachs A: Active immunoprophylaxis in burns with a new multivalent vaccine. Lancet 2: 959–961, 1970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Alexander1W, Fisher MW, MacMillan BG: Immunological control of Pseudomonas infection in bum patients: A clinical evaluation. Arch Surg 102: 31–35, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Haghbin M, Armstrong D, Murphy ML: Controlled prospective trial of P. aeruginosa vaccine in children with acute leukemia. Cancer 32: 761–766, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Polk, HC Jr, Borden S, Aldrete JA: Prevention of Pseudomonas respiratory infection in a surgical intensive care unit. Ann Surg 177: 607–615, 1973.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Pennington JE, Reynolds HY, Wood RE, et al: Use of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine in patients with acute leukemia and cystic fibrosis. Am J Med 58: 629–636, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Wasserman P, Schlotterer M, Paul P, et al: Systemic utilization of an anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine in a severe burn unit. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 13: 81–94, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. Jones RJ, Jupta JL, Roe EA: Controlled trials of a polyvalent Pseudomonas vaccine in burns, Lancet 2: 977–983, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Miler JM, Spilsbury JF, Jones RJ, et al: A new polyvalent Pseudomonas vaccine. J Med Microbiol 10: 19–27, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Jones CE, Alexander JW, Fisher MW: Clinical evaluation of Pseudomonas hyperimmune globulin. J Surg Res 14: 87–96, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Harvath L, Andersen BR, Zander AR, et al: Combined pre-immunization and granulocyte transfusion therapy for treatment of Pseudomonas septicemia in neutropenic dogs. J Lab Clin Med 87: 840–847, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Young LS, Stevens P, Ingram J: Functional role of antibody against “core” glycolipid of Enterobacteriaceae. J Clin Invest 56: 850–861, 1975.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Ziegler EJ, McCutchan JA, Douglas H, et al: Prevention of lethal Pseudomonas bacteremia with epimerase deficient E. coli antiserum. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 88: 101–105, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Ziegler EJ, McCutchan JA, Fierer et al: Successful treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and shock with human antiserum to a UDP-Gal epimerase deficient Escherichia coli. N Engl J Med 307: 1225–1230, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Teng NNH, Kaplan HS, Hebert JM, et al: Protection against gram-negative bacteremia and endotoxemia with human monoclonal IgM antibodies. Proc Nall Acad Sci USA 82: 1790–1794, 1985.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kuzell Institute for Arthritis and Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Diseases, Pacific Presbyterian Medical Center, San Francisco, California, 94115, USA

    Lowell S. Young

Authors
  1. Lowell S. Young
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Infectious Disease and Transplantation Units, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 02114, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Robert H. Rubin M.D.

  2. Kuzell Institute for Arthritis and Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, Pacific Presbyterian Medical Center, 94115, San Francisco, California, USA

    Lowell S. Young M.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Young, L.S. (1988). Management of Infections in Leukemia and Lymphoma. In: Rubin, R.H., Young, L.S. (eds) Clinical Approach to Infection in the Compromised Host. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6645-8_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6645-8_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-6647-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6645-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation