Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Morbidity in Compromised Patients Due to Viruses Other Than Herpes Group and Hepatitis Viruses

  • Chapter
Clinical Approach to Infection in the Compromised Host

  • 43 Accesses

Abstract

The past decade has witnessed greatly increased awareness of the multiple roles played by viral agents in immunocompromised patients. This interest, which has been stimulated by the development of effective antiviral chemotherapy for herpes group viruses, in particular, has been greatly facilitated by the development of more direct approaches to diagnosis using molecular biologic and monoclonal antibody technology. Lessened reliance on standard serologic techniques for viral diagnosis has been especially useful in immunocompromised patients in whom humoral responses may be delayed or absent.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Chanock RM: Impact of adenovirus in human disease. Prev Med 3:466–472, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Zahradnik JM, Spencer MJ, Parker DD: Adenovirus infection in the immunocompromised patient. Am J Med 68:725–732, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Carmichael GP, Zahradnik JM, Mover GM, et al: Adenovirus hepatitis in an immunosuppressed adult patient. Am J Clin Pathol 71:352–355, 1979.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Rodriguez FH, Liuzza GE, Gohd RH: Disseminated adenovirus serotype 31 infection in an immunocompromised host. Am J Clin Pathol 82:615–618, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Myerowitz RL, Stadler H, Oxman MN, et al: Fatal disseminated adenovirus infection in a renal transplant recipient. Am J Med 59:591–598, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Keller EW, Rubin RH, Black PH, et al: Isolation of adenovirus type 34 from a renal transplant recipient with interstitial pneumonia. Transplantation 23:188–191, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Neiman PE, Reeves W, Ray G, et al: A prospective analysis of interstitial pneumonia and opportunistic viral infections among recipients of allogeneic bone marrow grafts. J Infect Dis 136:754–767, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Lecatsas G, Van Wyk JAC: DNA viruses in urine after renal transplantation. S Afr Med J 53:787–788, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Wigger HJ, Blanc WA: Fatal hepatic and bronchial necrosis in adenovirus infection with thymic alymphoplasia. N Engl J Med 275:870–874, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Dagan R, Schwartz RH, Insel RA, et al: Severe diffuse adenovirus 7a pneumonia in a child with combined immunodeficiency: Possible therapeutic effect of human serum immune globulin containing specific neutralizing antibody. Pediatr Infect Dis 3:246–249, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Siegal FP, Dikman SH, Arayatu RB, et al: Fatal disseminated adenovirus pneumonia in an agammaglobulinemic patient. Am J Med 71:1062–1067, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Shields AF, Hackman RC, Fife HK,et al: Adenovirus infection in patients.undergoing bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 312:529–533, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Yolken RH, Bishop CA, Townsend TR, et al: Infectious gastroenteritis in bone marrow transplant recipients. N Engl J Med 306:1009–1012, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Lecatsas G, Prozesky OW, Van Wyk J: Adenovirus type 11 associated with hemorrhagic cystitis after renal transplantation. S Afr Med J 48:1932–1935, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Chou SM, Roos R, Burrell R, et al: Subacute focal adenovirus encephalitis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 32:34–50, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Shah KV, Daniel RW, Warszawski RM: High prevalence of antibodies of BK virus, on SV 40 related papovavirus, in residents of Maryland. J Infect Dis 127:784–787, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Padgett B, Walker D: Natural history of human Polyomavirus infections. In Stevens JG, Todaro GJ, Fox CF (eds): Persistent Viruses. Academic, New York, 1978, pp. 751–758.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Shah KV, Daniel RW, Zeigel KK, and Murphy GP. Search for BK and SV 40 virus reactivation in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 17:131–134, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Astrom KE, Mancall EL, Richardson EP Jr: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: hitherto unrecognized complication of chronic lymphatic leukemia and Hodgkin’s disease. Brain 81:93–111, 1958.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Richardson EP Jr: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med 265:815–823, 1961.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. ZuRhein GM, Chow SM: Particles resembling pa-povaviruses in human cerebral demyelinating disease. Science 148:1477–1479, 1965.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Padgett BL, Walker DL, ZuRhein GM, et al: Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Lancet 1:1257–1260, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Weiner LP, Herndon RM, Narayan O, et al: Isolation of virus related to SV40 from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med 286:385–390, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hogan T, Borden E, McBain J, et al: Human Polyomavirus infections with JC virus and BK virus in renal transplant patients. Ann Intern Med 92:373–378, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Coleman D, Wolfendale M, Daniel R, et al: A prospective study of human Polyomavirus infection in pregnancy. J Infect Dis 142:1–8, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lyon LW, McCormick WF, Schochet SS Jr: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology (NY) 21:72–77, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Horte-Barbosa L, Hamilton R, Fucillo DA, et al: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med 286:1060, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Miller JR, Barrett RE, Britton CB: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a male homosexual with T-cell immune deficiency. N Engl J Med 307:1436–1438, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Snider WD, Simpson DM, Nielsen S, et al: Neurological complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Analysis of 50 patients. Ann Neurol 14:403–417, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Levy RM, Bredesen ED, Rosenblum ML: Neurological manifestation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): Experience at UCSF and the review of the literature. J Neurosurg 62:475–495, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Shaw GM, Harper ME, Hahn BH. et al: HTLV-III infection in brains of children and adults with AIDS Encephalopathy. Science 227:177–181, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ho DD, Rota TR, Schooley RT, et al: Isolation of HTLV-III from CSF and neural tissues of patients with AIDS related neurological syndromes. N Engl J Med 313:1493–1497, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Petito CK, Navia BA, Cho E-S, et al: Vacuolar myelopathy pathologically resembling subacute combined degeneration in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 312:874–879, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hogan TF, Borden EC, McBain JA, et al: Human Polyomavirus infections with JC virus and BK virus in renal transplant patients. Ann Intern Med 92:373–378, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Woodhouse MA, Dayan AD, Burston J, et al: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Electron microscope study of four cases. Brain 90:863–870, 1967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. ZuRhein GM, Varakis J: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a renal allograft recipient. N Engl J Med 291:798, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Bauer WR, Turel AP, Johnson KP: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and cytarabine: Remission with treatment. JAMA 226:174–176, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Smith CR, Sima AAF, Salit IE, et al: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Failure of cytarabine therapy. Neurology (NY) 32:200–203, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Conomy JP, Beard NS, Matsumoto H, et al: Cytarabine treatment of PML. JAMA 229:1313–1316, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. VanHorn G, Bastian FO, Moate JL: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Failure of response to transfer factor and cytarabine. Neurology (NY) 28:744–747, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Peters ACB, Vertsteeg J, Bots GTA, et al: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Immunofluorescent demonstration of SV 40 antigen on CSF cells and response to cytarabine therapy. Arch Neurol 37:497–501, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Rand RH, Johnson KP, Rubenstein LJ, et al: Adenine ara-binoside in the treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Use of virus containing cells in the urine to assess response to therapy. Ann Neurol 1:458–462, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Rockwell D, Ruben FL, Windlestein A, et al: Absence of immune deficiency in a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Am J Med 61:433–436, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Marriott PS, O’Brien MD, MacKenzie IC, et al: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Remission with cytarabine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 38:205–209, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Castleman G, Scully RE, McNeeley BU: Clinicopathological conference. N Engl J Med 286:1047–1054, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Tarsy D, Holden EM, Segarra JM, et al: 5-Iodo-2′-deoxyuridine given intraventricularly in the treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Cancer Chemother Rep 57:73–78, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Hedley Whyte ET, Smith BP, Tyler HR, et al: Multifocal leukoencephalopathy with remission and five year survival. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 25:107–116, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Holden EM, Tarsy D, Calabresi P, et al: Use of 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology (NY) 21:448, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Gardner SD, Field AM, Coleman DV, et al: New human papovavirus (BK) isolated from urine after renal transplantation. Lancet 1:1253–1257, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Coleman DV, MacKenzie EFD, Gardner SD, et al: Human polymavirus (BK) infection and ureteric stenosis in renal allograft recipients. J Clin Pathol 31:338–347, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Lecatsas A, Prozesky OW, Van Wyk J, et al: Papovavirus in urine after renal transplantation. Nature (Lond) 241:343–344, 1973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Andrews C, Shah KV, Rubin RH, et al: BK papovavirus in renal transplant recipients: Contribution of donor kidneys. J Infect Dis 145:276, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Cheeseman SH, Black PH, Rubin RH, et al: Interferon and BK papovavirus. Clinical and laboratory studies. Infect Dis 41:157–161, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Rosen S, Harmon W, Krensky AM, et al: Tubulointerstitial nephritis associated with Polyomavirus (BK type) infection. N Engl J Med 308:1192–1196, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Gross G, Pfister H, Hagedorn M, et al: Correlation between human papillomavirus (HPV) type and histology of warts. J Invest Dermatol 78:160–164, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Morrison WL: Viral warts, herpes simplex, and herpes zoster in patients with secondary immune deficiencies and neoplasms. Br J Dermtol 92:625–630, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Barnett N, Mak H, Winkelstein J: Extensive verrucosis in primary immunodeficiency diseases. Arch Dermatol 119:5–7, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Spencer ES, Anderson HK: Clinically evident, non-terminal infections with herpesviruses and the wart virus in immu-nosuppressed renal allograft recipients. Br Med J 3:251–254, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Perry TL, Harman L Jr: Warts in diseases with immune defects. Cutis 13:359–362, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Mullen DL, Silverberg SG, Perm I, et al: Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and lip in renal homograft recipients. Cancer 37:729–734, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Lane JM, Ruben FL, Abrutyn E, et al: Deaths attributable to smallpox vaccination 1959 to 1966, and 1968, JAMA 212:441–444, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Lane JM, Ruben FL, Neff JM, et al: Complications of smallpox vaccination, 1968. II Results of the ten statewide surveys. J Infect Dis 122:303–308, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Lane JM, Ruben RL, Neff JM, et al: Complications of smallpox vaccination, 1968: 1. National surveillance in the United States. N Engl J Med 281:1201–1208, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Neff JM, Lane JM, Pert JH, et al: Complications of smallpox vaccination. I. National surveillance in the United States, 1963. N Engl J Med 276:125–132, 1967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Turner W, Bauer DJ, Nimmo-Smith RH: Eczema vaccinatum treated with N-methylisatin β-thiosemicarbazone. Br Med J 1:1317–1319, 1962.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Brainerd HD, Hanna L, Jawetz E: Methisazone in progressive vaccinia. N Engl J Med 276:620–622, 1967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Centers for Disease Control: Poliomyelitis Surveillance Summary. 1980–1981. CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Moore M, Katona P, Kaplan JE, et al: Poliomyelitis in the United States, 1969–1981. J Infect Dis 146:558–563, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Wyatt HV: Poliomyelitis in hypogammaglobulinemics. J Infect Dis 128:802–806, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Chang TW, Weinstein L, MacMahon HE. Paralytic poliomyelitis in a child with hypogammaglobulinemia: Probable implications of type I vaccine strain. Pediatrics 37:630–636, 1966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Riker JB, Brandt CD, Chandra R, et al: Vaccine-associated poliomyelitis in a child with thymic abnormality. Pediatrics 48:923–929, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Feigin RD, Guggenheim MA, Johnson SD: Vaccine related paralytic poliomyelitis in an immunodeficient child. J Pediatr 79:642–647, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Saulsbury FT, Winkelstein JA, Davis LE, et al: Combined immunodeficiency and vaccine related poliomyelitis in a child with cartilage hair hypoplasia. J Pediatr 86:868–872, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Centers for Disease Control: Neurotropic Disease Surveillance. Annual Summary 1969. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, Washington, DC, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Lopez C, Biggar WD, Park BH, et al: Nonparalytic po-liovirus infections in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. J Pediatr 84:447–502, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Davis LE, Bodian D, Price D, et al: Chronic progressive poliomyelitis secondary to vaccination of an immunodeficient child. N Engl J Med 297:241–245, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Wright PF, Hatch MH, Kasselberg AG, et al: Vaccine associated poliomyelitis in a child with sex linked agammaglobulinemia. J Pediatr 91:408–412, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Ziegler JB, Penny R: Fatal echo 30 virus infection and amyloidosis in X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 3:347–352, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Bardelas JA, Winkelstein JA, Seto DSY, et al: Fatal ECHO 24 infection in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia: Relationship to dermatomyositis-like syndrome. J Pediatr 90:396–399, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Wilfert CM, Buckley RH, Mohanakumar T, et al: Persistent and fatal central nervous system echovirus infections in agammaglobulinemia. N Engl J Med 296:1485–1489, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Webster ADB, Tripp JH, Hayward AR, et al: Echovirus encephalitis and myositis in primary immunoglobulin deficiency. Arch Dis Child 53:33–37, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Bodensteiner JB, Morris HH, Howell JT, et al: Chronic echo type 5 virus meningoencephalitis in X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia: Treatment with immune plasma. Neurology (NY) 29:815–819, 1979.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Weiner LS, Howell JT, Langford MP, et al: Effect of specific antibodies on chronic echovirus type 5 encephalitis in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia. J Infect Dis 140:858–863, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Mease PJ, Ochs HD, Wedgewood RJ: Successful treatment of echovirus meninogoencephalitis and myositis-fascitis with intravenous immune globulin therapy in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. N Engl J Med 304:1278–1281, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Hodes DS, Espinoza DV: Temperature sensitivity of isolate of echovirus type II causing chronic meningoencephalitis in an agammaglobulinemic patient. J Infect Dis 144:377, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Cooper JB, Pralt WR, English BK, et al: Coxsackievirus B3 producing fatal meningoencephalitis in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Am J Dis Child 137:82–83, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Townsend TR, Yolken RH, Bishop CA, et al: Outbreak of Coxsackie A1 gastroenteritis: A complication of bone marrow transplantation. Lancet 1:820–823, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Yolken RH, Bishop CA, Townsend TA, et al: Infectious gastroenteritis in bone marrow transplant recipients. N Engl J Med 306:1009–1012, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Krugman S: Present status of measles and rubella immunization in the United States: A medical progress report. J Pediatr 90:1–12, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Smithwick EM, Berkovich S: In vitro suppression of lymphocyte response to tuberculosis by live measles virus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 123:276–278, 1966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Schooley RT, Hirsch MS, Colvin RB, et al: Association of herpesvirus infections with T-lymphocyte subset alterations glomerulopathy, and opportunistic infections after renal transplantation. N Engl J Med 308:313–318, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Blumberg RS, Schooley RT: Lymphocyte markers and infectious diseases. Semin Hematol 22:81–114, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Enders JF, McCarthy K, Mitus A, et al: Isolation of measles virus at autopsy in cases of giant cell pneumonia without rash. N Engl J Med 261:875–881, 1959.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Breitfeld V, Hashida Y, Sherman FE, et al: Fatal measles infection in children with leukemia. Lab Invest 29:279–291, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Aicardi J, Goutieres F, Arseni-Nunes ML, et al: Acute measles encephalitis in children with immunosuppression. Pediatrics 59:232–239, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Simpson R, Eden OB: Possible interferon response in a child with measles encephalitis during immunosuppression. Scand J Infect Dis 16:315–319, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Gibbs FA, Gibbs EL, Carpenter PR, et al: Elec-trocephalographic changes in uncomplicated childhood diseases. JAMA 171:1050–1059.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Meulen VT, Muller D, Kackell Y, et al: Isolation of infectious measles virus in measles encephalitis. Lancet 2:1172–1175, 1972.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Shaffer MF, Rake G, Hodes HL: Isolation of virus from a patient with fatal encephalitis complicating measles. Am J Dis Child 64:815, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Connolly JH, Allen IV, Hurwitz LJ, et al: Measles virus antibody and antigen in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Lancet 1:542–544, 1967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Barbosa LH, Fucciloo DA, Sever JL, et al: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: Isolation of measles virus from a brain biopsy. Nature (Lond.) 221:974, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Editorial: Measles encephalitis during immunosuppressive treatment. Br Med J 1:1552, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Murphy JV, Yunis EJ: Encephalopathy following measles infection in children with chronic illness. J Pediatr 88:937–942, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Agamanolis DP, Tun JS, Parker DL: Immunosuppressive measles encephalitis in a patient with a renal transplant. Arch Neurol 36:686–690, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Pullen CR, Noble TC, Scott DJ, et al: Atypical measles infections in leukaemic children on immunosuppressive treatment. Br Med J 1:1562–1565, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Olding-Stenkvist E, Forsgren M, Henley D, et al: Measles encephalopathy during immunosuppression: Failure of interferon treatment. Scand J Infec Dis 14:1–4, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Mitus A, Holloway A, Evans AE, et al: Attenuated measles vaccine in children with leukemia. Am J Dis Child 103:243–248, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Glezen WP, Denny FW: Epidemiology of acute lower respiratory disease in children. N Engl J Med 288:498–505, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Hall CB, Geiman JM, Biggar R, et al: Respiratory syncytial virus infections within families. N Engl J Med 294:414–419, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Hall GB, Douglas RG Jr: Modes of transmission of respiratory syncytial virus. J Pediatr 99:100–103, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Hall CB: Nosocomial viral respiratory infections. Perennial weeds on pediatric wards. Am J Med 70:670–767, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Sims DG, Downham MAPS, Webbs JKG, et al: Hospital cross-infection on children’s wards with respiratory syncytial virus and the role of adult carriage. Acta Paediatr Scand 64:541–545, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. MacDonald NE, Hall CB, Suffin SC, et al: Respiratory syncytial viral infection in infants with congenital heart disease. N Engl J Med 307:397–400, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Johnson RA, Prince GA, Suffin SC, et al: Respiratory syncytial virus infection in cyclophosphamide-treated cotton rats. Infect Immun 37:369–373, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Milder JE, McDearmon SC, Walzer PD: Presumed respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in an adolescent compromised host. SouthMed J 72:1195–1198, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Hall CB, MacDonald NE, Klemperer MR, et al: Respiratory syncytial virus in immunosuppressed children. Pediatr Res 15:613, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Rodriguez WJ, Kim HW, Arrobio JO, et al: Clinical features of acute gastroenteritis associated with human reovirus like agent in infants and young children. J Pediatr 91:188–193, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Carlson JAK, Middleton PJ, Ssymanski MT, et al: Fatal rotavirus gastrointeristis. An analysis of 21 cases. Am J Dis Child 132:411–419, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Kapikian AZ, Wyatt RG, Levin MM, et al: Oral administration of human rotavirus to volunteers: Induction of illness and correlates of resistance. J Infect Dis 147:95–106, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Saulsbury FT, Winklestein JA, Yolken RH: Chronic rotavirus infection in immunodeficiency. J Pediatr 97:61–65, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Jarvis WR, Middleton PJ, Gilford EW: Significance of viral infections in severe combined immunodeficiency disease. Pediatr Infect Dis 2:187–192, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Flewett TH, Bryden AS, Davies H: Virus particles in gastroenteritis. Lancet 2:1497, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Kapikian AZ, Kim HW, Wyatt RG, et al: Reovirus like agent in stools: association with infantile diarrhea and development of serologic tests. Science 185:1049–1053, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Brendt CD, Kim HW, Rodriguez WJ, et al: Comparison of direct electron microscopy, immune electron microscopy, immune electron microscopy, and rotavirus enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detection of gastroenteritis viruses in children. J Clin Microbiol 13:976–988, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Middleton PJ, Holdaway MD, Petore M, et al: Solid phase radioimmunoassay for the detection of rotavirus. Infect Immun 16:439–444, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Yolken RH, Kim HW, Clem T, et al: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis. Lancet 2:263–267, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Kim HW, Brandt CD, Kaoikain AZ, et al: Human reovirus like agent (HRLVA) infection. Occurrence in adult contacts of pediatric patients with gastroenteritis. JAMA 238:404–407, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Halvrsrud J, Ostavik I: An epidemic of rotavirus associated gastroenteritis in a nursing home for the elderly. Scand J Infect Dis 12:161–164, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Holzel H, Cubett DW, McSwiggan DA, et al: An outbreak of rotavirus infection among adults in a cardiology ward. J Infect 2:33, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Curran JW, Morgan WM, Hardy AM, et al: The epidemiology of AIDS: Current status and future prospects. Science 229:1352–1357, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Infectious Disease Unit Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA

    Robert T. Schooley

Authors
  1. Robert T. Schooley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Infectious Disease and Transplantation Units, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Robert H. Rubin M.D.

  2. Division of Infectious Diseases, Pacific Presbyterian Medical Center, Kuzell Institute for Arthritis and Infectious Diseases, San Francisco, California, USA

    Lowell S. Young M.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Plenum Publishing Corporation

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schooley, R.T. (1988). Morbidity in Compromised Patients Due to Viruses Other Than Herpes Group and Hepatitis Viruses. In: Rubin, R.H., Young, L.S. (eds) Clinical Approach to Infection in the Compromised Host. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6642-7_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6642-7_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-6644-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6642-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation