Abstract
To those interested in the cytoplasmic membrane of eukaryotic cells, or even in the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotic cells, the outer membrane of Escherichia coli may sound like a foreign and an uninviting system to study. The title of this article itself may be just enough to repel these people. In fact, the E. coli outer membrane is a peculiar system in many respects. However, as will be seen in this chapter, the outer membrane offers an excellent system for the study of many of the fundamental questions concerning biomembranes, which are common not only to prokaryotic but also to eukaryotic membranes, including: the functions and structures of membrane proteins; molecular mechanism of biosynthesis and assembly of membrane components; interactions between membrane proteins; regulation of membrane biogenesis; and mechanism of translocation of proteins across the membrane. Progress toward the elucidation of these problems has been considerably more substantial in the study of the E. coli outer membrane system as opposed to studies of eukaryotic membranes. The advantages in utilizing the E. coli outer membrane to examine the problems mentioned above are: (1) The outer membrane consists of few major proteins; (2) it is very easy to isolate these major proteins in large quantities; (3) the functions and structures of the major proteins have therefore been well characterized; and (4) A finely detailed genetic map has consequently been established for E. coli, and many different genetic approaches are thus available for studying the functions, structures, biosynthesis, and assembly of these major outer-membrane proteins.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
- Outer Membrane
- Cytoplasmic Membrane
- Complete Amino Acid Sequence
- Peptidoglycan Layer
- Major Outer Membrane Protein
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Bachman, B. J., Low, K. B., and Taylor, A. L., 1976, Recalculated linkage map of Escherichia coli, Bacteriol. Rev. 40: 116–167.
Bayer, M. E., 1968, Areas of adhesion between wall and membrane of Escherichia coli, J. Gen. Microbiol. 53: 395–404.
Bessler, W. G., and Ottenbreit, B. P., 1977, Studies on the mitogenic principle of the lipoprotein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 76: 239–246.
Blobel, G., and Dobberstein, B., 1975, Transfer of proteins across membranes, I. Presence of proteolytically processed and unprocessed nascent immunoglobulin light chains on membrane-bound ribosomes of murine myeloma, J. Cell. Biol. 67: 835–851.
Bosch, V., and Braun, V., 1973, Distribution of murein-lipoprotein between the cytoplasmic and outer membrane of Escherichia coli, FEBS Lett. 34: 307–310.
Bradbeer, C., Woodrow, M. L., and Khalifah, L. I., 1976, Transport of vitamin B12 in Escherichia coli: Common receptor system for vitamin B12 and bacteriophage BF 23 on the outer membrane of the cell envelope, J. Bacteriol. 125: 1032–1039.
Braun, V., 1975, Covalent lipoprotein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 415: 335–377.
Braun, V., and Bosch, V., 1972a, Repetitive sequences in the murein-lipoprotein of the cell wall of Escherichia coli, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69: 970–974.
Braun, V., and Bosch, V., 1972b, Sequence of the murein lipoprotein and the attachment site of the lipid, Eur. J. Biochem. 28: 51–69.
Braun, V., and Bosch, V., 1973, In vivo biosynthesis of murein-lipoprotein of the outer membrane of E. coli, FEBS Lett. 34: 302–306.
Braun, V., and Rehn, K., 1969, Chemical characterization, spatial distribution and function of a lipoprotein (murein-lipoprotein) of the E. coli cell wall; The specific effect of trypsin on the membrane structure, Eur. J. Biochem. 10: 426–438.
Braun, V., and Sieglin, U., 1970, The covalent murein-lipoprotein structure of the Escherichia coli cell wall: The attachment site of the lipoprotein on the murein, Eur. J. Biochem. 13: 336–346.
Braun, V., and Wolff, H., 1970, The murein-lipoprotein linkage in the cell wall of Escherichia coli, Eur. J. Biochem. 14: 387–391.
Braun, V., and Wolff, H., 1975, Attachment of lipoprotein and murein (peptidoglycan) of Escherichia coli in the presence and absence of penicillin, J. Bacteriol. 123: 888–897.
Braun, V., Rehn, K., and Wolff, H., 1970, Supramolecular structure of the rigid layer of the cell wall of number of lipoprotein molecules in a membrane layer (Salmonella, Serratia, Proteus, and Pseudomonas fluorescens), Biochemistry 9: 5041–50
Braun, V., Bosch, V., Hantke, K., and Schaller, K., 1974, Structure and biosynthesis of functionally defined areas of the Escherichia coli outer membrane, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 235: 66–82.
Braun, V., Hantke, K., and Henning, U., 1975, Characterization of the free form of murein-lipoprotein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli B/r, FEBS Lett. 60: 26–28.
Braun, V., Rotering, H., Ohms, J. P., and Hagenmaier, H., 1976a, Conformational studies on murein-lipoprotein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli, Eur. J. Biochem. 70: 601–610.
Braun, V., Bosch, V., Klumpp, E. R., Neff, I., Mayer, H., and Schlecht, S., 1976b, Antigenic determinants of murein lipoprotein and its exposure at the surface of the enterobacteriacease, Eur. J. Biochem. 62: 555–566.
Burstein, Y., and Schechter, I., 1977, Amino acid sequence of the NH2-terminal extra piece segments of the precursors of mouse immunoglobulin λ-type and κ-type light chains, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74: 716–720.
Butler, W. H., and Maledon, N. R., 1976, Puromycin inhibition of eucaryotic ribosomes: Differences in sensitivity between polypeptide synthesis directed by endogenous mRNA and synthetic templates including poly (U). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 454: 329–337.
Chai, T., and Foulds, J., 1974, Demonstration of a missing outer membrane protein in tolG mutants of Escherichia coli, J. Mol. Biol. 85: 465–474.
Chai, T., and Foulds, J., 1977, Escherichia coli K-12 tolF mutants: Alterations in protein composition of the outer membrane, J. Bacteriol. 130: 781–786.
Chan, S. J., Keim, P., and Steiner, D. F., 1976, Cell-free synthesis of rat preproinsulins: Characterization and partial amino acid sequence determination, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73: 1964–1968.
Chattopadhyay, P. K., and Wu, H. C., 1977, Biosynthesis of the covalently linked diglyceride in murein lipoprotein of Escherichia coli, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74: 5318–5322.
Chou, P. Y., and Fasman, G. D., 1974, Prediction of protein conformation, Biochemistry 13: 222–245.
Churchward, G. G., and Holland, I. B., 1976, Envelope synthesis during the cell cycle in E. coli B/r, J. Mol. Biol. 105: 245–261.
Datta, D. B., Kramer, C., and Henning, U., 1976, Diploidy for a structural gene specifying a major protein of the outer cell envelope membrane from Escherichia coli K-12 J. Bacteriol. 128: 834–841.
Decad, G. M., and Nikaido, H., 1976, Outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria XII. Molecular-sieving function of cell wall, J. Bacteriol. 128: 325–336.
DeMartini, M., and Inouye, M., 1978, Interaction between two major outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli: The matrix protein and the lipoprotein, J. Bacteriol. 133: 329–335.
DeMartini, M., Halegoua, S., and Inouye, M., 1975, Lysozymes from bacteriophages T3 and T5, J. Virol. 16: 459–461.
DeMartini, M., Inouye, S., and Inouye, M., 1976, Ultrastructure of paracrystals of a lipoprotein from the outer membrane of E. coli, J. Bacteriol. 127: 564–571.
DePetris, S., 1967, Ultrastructure of the cell wall of Escherichia coli and chemical nature of its constituent layers, J. Ultrastruct. Res. 19: 45–83.
Devillers-Thiery, A., Kindt, T., Scheele, G., and Blobel, G., 1975, Homology in amino-terminal sequence of precursors to pancreatic secretory proteins, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72: 5016–5020.
DiRienzo, J. M., and Inouye, M., 1979, Lipid fluidity dependent biosynthesis and assembly of the outer membrane proteins in Escherichia coli, Cell, in press.
Gruss, P., Gmeiner, J., and Martin, H. H., 1975, Amino-acid composition of the covalent rigid-layer lipoprotein in cell walls of Proteus mirabilis, Eur. J. Bloche m. 57: 411–414.
Gmeiner, J., Kroll, H., and Martin, H. H., 1978, The covalent rigid-layer lipoprotein in cell wall of Proteus mirabilis, Eur. J. Biochem. 83: 227–233.
Halegoua, S., Hirashima, A., and Inouye, M., 1974, Existence of a free form of a specific membrane lipoprotein in gram-negative bacteria, J. Bacteriol. 120: 1204–1208.
Halegoua, S., Hirashima, A., and Inouye, M., 1976a, Puromycin-resistant biosynthesis of a specific outer membrane lipoprotein of Escherichia coli, J. Bacteriol. 126: 183–191.
Halegoua, S., Hirashima, A., Sekizawa, J., and Inouye, M., 1976b, Protein synthesis in toluene-treated E. coli exclusive synthesis of membrane proteins, Eur. J. Biochem. 69: 163–167.
Halegoua, S., Sekizawa, J., and Inouye, M., 1977, A new form of structural lipoprotein of outer membrane of E. coli, J. Biol. Chem. 252: 2324–2330.
Hantke, K., and Braun, V., 1973, Covalent binding of lipid to protein. Diglyceride and amide-linked fatty acid at the N-terminal end of the murein-lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane, Eur. J. Biochem. 34: 284–296.
Hasegawa, Y., Yamada, H., and Mizushima, S., 1976, Interactions of outer membrane proteins 0–8 and 0–9 with peptidoglycan sacculus of Escherichia coli K-12, J. Biochem. 80: 1401–1409.
Helmstetter, C. E., and Cooper, S., 1968, Chromosome replication and the division cycle of Escherichia coli B/r, J. Mol. Biol. 31: 507–518.
Hirashima, A., and Inouye, M., 1973, Specific biosynthesis of an envelope protein of Escherichia coli, Nature 242: 405–407.
Hirashima, A., and Inouye, M., 1975, Biosynthesis of a specific lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane on polyribosomes, Eur. J. Biochem. 60: 395–398.
Hirashima, A., Childs, G., and Inouye, M., 1973a, Differential inhibitory effects of antibiotics on the biosynthesis of envelope proteins of Escherichia coli, J. Mol. Biol. 79: 373–389.
Hirashima, A., Wu, H., Venkateswaran, P. S., and Inouye, M., 1973b, Two forms of a structural lipoprotein in the envelope of E. coli, J. Biol. Chem. 248: 5654–5659.
Hirashima, A., Wang, S. S., and Inouye, M., 1974, Cell-free synthesis of a specific lipoprotein of the E. coli outer membrane directed by purified messenger RNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71: 4149–4153.
Hirota, Y., Suzki, H., Nishimura, Y., and Yasuda, S., 1977, On the process of cellular division in Escherichia coli: A mutant of E. coli lacking a murein-lipoprotein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74: 1417–1420.
Hodges, R. S., Sodek, J., Smillie, L. B., and Jurasek, L., 1972, Tropomyosin: Amino acid sequence and coiled-coil structure. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 37: 299–310.
Inouye, H., and Beckwith, J., 1977, Synthesis and processing of an Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase precursor in vitro, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74: 1440–1444.
Inouye, M., 1971, Internal standards for molecular weight determinations of proteins by Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, J. Biol. Chem. 246: 4834–4838.
Inouye, M., 1974, A three-dimensional molecular assembly model of a lipoprotein from the E. coli outer membrane, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71: 2396–2400.
Inouye, M., 1975, Biosynthesis and assembly of the outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli, in: Membrane Biogenesis (A. Tzagoloff, ed.), pp. 351–391, Plenum, New York.
Inouye, M., and Guthrie, J. P., 1969, A mutant which changes a membrane protein of E. coli, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 64: 957–961.
Inouye, M., and Halegoua, S., 1979, Secretion and membrane localization of proteins in Escherichia coli, CRC Critical Rev. Biochem., in press.
Inouye, M., and Pardee, A. B., 1970, Changes of membrane proteins and their relation of DNA synthesis and cell division of Escherichia coli, J. Biol. Chem. 245: 5813–6819.
Inouye, M., Shaw, J., and Shen, C., 1972, The assembly of a structural lipoprotein in the envelope of Escherichia coli, J. Biol. Chem. 247: 8154–8159.
Inouye, M., Arnheim, N., and Sternglanz, R., 1973, Bacteriophage T Г lysozyme is an N-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase, J. Biol. Chem. 248: 7247–7252.
Inouye, S., Takeishi, K., Lee, N., DeMartini, M., Hirashima, A., and Inouye, M., 1976, Lipoprotein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli: Purification, paracrystallization, and some properties of its free form, J. Bacterial. 127: 555–563.
Inouye, S., Wang, S. S., Sekizawa, J., Halegoua, S., and Inouye, M., 1977a, Amino acid sequence for the peptide extension on the prolipoprotein of the E. coli outer membrane, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74: 1004–1008.
Inouye, S., Lee, N., Inouye, M., Wu, H. C., Suzuki, H., Nishimura, Y., Iketani, H., and Hirota, Y., 1917b, Amino acid replacement in a mutant lipoprotein of the outer membrane, J. Bacterial. 132: 308–313.
Ito, K., Sato, T., and Yura, T., 1977, Synthesis and assembly of the membrane proteins in Escherichia coli, Cell 11: 551–559.
Izuki, K., Matsuhashi, M., and Strominger, J. L., 1966, Glycopeptide transpeptidase and d-alanine carboxypeptidase: Penicillin-sensitive enzymatic reactions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 55: 656–663.
James, R., and Gudas, L., 1976, Cell cycle-specific incorporation of lipoprotein into the outer membrane of E. coli, J. Bacteriol. 125: 374–375.
Kamio, Y., and Nikaido, H., 1977, Outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium: Identification of proteins on cell surface. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 474: 589–601.
Katz, E., Loring, D., Inouye, S., and Inouye, M., 1978, Lipoprotein from Proteus mirabilis, J. Bacteriol. 134: 674–676.
Kemper, B., Habener, J. F., Ernst, M. D., Potts, Jr., J. T., and Rich, A., 1976, Preproparathyroid hormone: Analysis of radioactive tryptic peptides and amino acid sequence, Biochemistry 15: 15–20.
Kimura, K., and Izui, K., 1976, Importance of membrane fluidity in the induction of alkaline phosphatase, a periplasmic enzyme, in Escherichia coli, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 70: 900–906.
Koch, P. A., Gardner, F. H., Gartrell, Jr., J. E., and Carter, Jr., J. R., 1975, Biogenesis of erythrocyte membrane proteins in vitro studies with rabbit reticulocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 389: 177–187.
Kozak, M., and Nathans, D., 1972, Differential inhibition of coliphage MS2 protein synthesis by ribosome-directed antibiotics, J. Mol. Biol. 70: 41–56.
Lee, N., and Inouye, M., 1974, Outer membrane proteins of E. coli: Biosynthesis and assembly, FEBS Lett. 39: 167–710.
Lee, N., Cheng, E., and Inouye, M., 1977a, Optical properties of an outer membrane lipoprotein from E. coli, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 465: 650–656.
Lee, N., Inouye, M., and Lauterbur, P., 1977b, 19F and 13C-NMR studies of a specifically labeled lipoprotein in the Escherichia coli membrane, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 78: 1211–1218.
Lee, N., Tu, S., and Inouye, M., 1977c, Intermolecular ionic interaction in aggregates of a lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane, Biochemistry 16: 5026–5030.
Lee, N., Scandella, C., and Inouye, M., 1978, Spin labeling of a cystein residue of the Escherichia coli outer membrane lipoprotein in its membrane environment, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75: 127–130.
Levy, S. B., 1975, Very stable prokaryotic messenger RNA in chromosomeless Escherichia coli minicells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72: 2900–2904.
Lin, J. J., and Wu, H. C., 1976, Biosynthesis and assembly of envelope lipoprotein in a glycerol-requiring mutant of Salmonella typhimurium, J. Bacteriol. 125: 892–904.
Lin, J. J., Kanazawa, H., Ozols, J., and Wu, H. C., 1978, An Escherichia coli mutant with an amino acid alteration within the signal sequence of outer membrane prolipoprotein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75: 4891–4895.
Lodish, H. F., 1976, Translational control of protein synthesis, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 45: 39–72.
Lodish, H. F., and Nathan, D. G. 1972, Regulation of hemoglobin synthesis preferential inhibition of α and β globin synthesis, J. Biol. Chem. 247: 7822–7829.
Melchers, F., Braun, V., and Galanos, C., 1975, The lipoprotein of the outer membrane of Escherichia coli: ab-Lymphocyte mitogen. J. Exp. Med. 142: 473–482.
Miura, T., and Mizushima, S., 1969, Separation and properties of outer and cytoplasmic membranes in Escherichia coli, Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 193: 268–276.
Mizuno, T., and Kageyama, M., 1979, Isolation and characterization of a major outer membrane protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Evidence for the occurrence of a lipoprotein, J. Biochem. 85: 115–122.
Moses, R. E., and Richardson, C. C., 1970, Replication and repair of DNA in cells of Escherichia coli treated with toluene, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 67: 674–681.
Movva, R. N., Katz, E., Asdourian, P. L., Hirota, Y., and Inouye, M., 1978, Gene dosage effect of the structural gene for a lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane, J. Bacteriol. 133: 81–84.
Mühlradt, P. F., Menzel, J., Golecki, J. R., and Speth, V., 1973, Outer membrane of Salmonella sites of export of newly synthesized lipopolysaccharide on the bacterial surface, Eur. J. Biochem. 35: 471–481.
Murray, R. G. E., Steed, P., and Elson, H. E., 1965, The location of mucopeptide in sections of the cell wall of Escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria. Can. J. Microbiol. 11: 547–560.
Nakae, T., 1976a, Identification of the outer membrane protein of E. coli that produces transmembrane channels in reconstituted vesicle membrane. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 71: 877–884.
Nakae, T., 1976b, Outer membrane of Salmonella: Isolation of protein complex that produces transmembrane channels, J. Biol. Chem. 251: 2176–2178.
Nakamura, K., Pirtle, R. M., and Inouye, M., 1979, Homology of the gene for outer membrane lipoprotein within various gram-negative bacteria, J. Bacterial. 137: 596–604.
Nikaido, H., Song. S. A., Shaltiel, L., and Nurminen, M., 1977, Outer membrane of Salmonella XIV. Reduced transmembrane diffusion rates in porin-deficient mutants, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 76: 324–330.
Osborn, M. J.. Gander, J. E., Parisi, E., and Carson, J., 1972, Mechanism of assembly of the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium, J. Biol. Chem. 247: 3962–3972.
Peterson, R. L., Radcliffe, C. W. and Pace, N. R., 1971, Ribonucleic acid synthesis in bacteria treated with toluene, J. Bacteriol. 107: 585–588.
Pirtle, R. M., Pirtle, I. L., and Inouye, M., 1978, Homologous nucleotide sequences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNAs: The 5′-end sequence of the mRNA of the lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75: 2190–2194.
Randall, L. L., and Hardy, S. J. S., 1975, Analysis of the ribosomes engaged in the synthesis of the outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli, Mol. Gen. Genet. 137: 151–160.
Randall, L. L., and Hardy, S. J. S., 1977, Synthesis of exported proteins by membrane-bound polysomes from Escherichia coli, Eur. J. Biochem. 75: 43–53.
Reithemeier, R. A. F., and Bragg, P. D., 1977, Cross-linking of the proteins in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 466: 245–256.
Rosenbusch, J. P., 1974, Characterization of the major envelope protein from Escherichia coli, J. Biol. Chem. 249: 8019–8029.
Schnaitman, C., Smith, D., Salsas, M. F., 1975, Temperate bacteriophage which causes the production of a new major outer membrane protein by Escherichia coli, J. Bacteriol. 15: 1121–1130.
Schrader, W. P., and Fan, D. P., 1974, Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan attached to previously formed cell wall by toluene-treated cells of Bacillus megateriunu J. Biol. Chem. 249: 4815–4818.
Schulman, H., and Kennedy, E. P., 1977, Relation of turnover of membrane phospholipids to synthesis of membrane-derived oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli, J. Biol. Chem. 252: 4250–4255.
Sekizawa, J., Inouye, S., Halegoua, S., and Inouye, M., 1977, Precursors of major outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 77: 1126–1133.
Shields, D., and Blobel, G., 1977, Cell-free synthesis of fish pre-proinsulin, and processing by heterologous mammalian microsomal membranes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74: 2059–2063.
Silhavy, T. J., Casadaban, M. J., Shuman, H. A., and Beckwith, J. R., 1976, Conversion of β-galactosidase to a membrane-bound state by gene fusion, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73: 3423–3427.
Steven, A. C., Heggeier, B. Muller, R., Kistler, J., and Rosenbusch, J. P., 1977, Ultrastructure of a periodic protein layer in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli, J. Cell Biol. 72: 292–301.
Strauss, A. W., Bennett, C. D., Donohue, A. M., Rodkey, J. A., and Alberts, A. W., 1977, Rat liver pre-proalbumin: Complete amino acid sequence of the pre-piece, J. Biol. Chem. 252: 6846–6855.
Suzuki, H., Nishimura, Y., Iketani, H., Campisi, J., Hirashima, A., Inouye, M., and Hirota, Y., 1976, Novel mutation that causes a structural change in a lipoprotein in the outer membrane of E. coli, J. Bacteriol. 127: 1494–1501.
Takeishi, K., Yasumura, M., and Pirtle, R., Inouye, M., 1976,Isolation and identification of the messenger ribonucleic acid for a structural lipoprotein of the E. coli outer membrane, J. Biol. Chem. 251: 6256–6266.
Tanaka, N., Iseki, M., Miyoshi, T., Aoki, H., and Imanaka, H., 1976,Mechanism of action of bicyclomycin, J. Antibiot. 29: 155–168.
Thibodeau, S. N., Gagnon, J., and Palmiter, R., 1977,Precursor forms of lysozyme and ovomucoid: Sequence analysis, Fed. Proc. 36: 2030 (abstr.).
Torti, S. V., and Park, J. T., 1976,Lipoprotein of gram-negative bacteria is essential for growth and division, Nature 263: 323–326.
Wang, S. S., Marcu, K. B., and Inouye, M., 1976,Translation of a specific mRNA from Escherichia coli in a eukaryotic cell-free system, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 68: 1194–1200.
Weigand, R. A., Vinci, D. K., and Rothfield, L. I., 1976,Morphogenesis of the bacterial division spetum: A new class of septation-defective mutants, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73: 1882–1886.
Wu, H. C., and Lin, J. J. C., 1976,Escherichia coli mutants altered in murein lipoprotein, J. Bacteriol. 126: 147–156.
Wu, H. C., Hou, C., Lin, J. J. C., and Yem, D. W., 1977,Biochemical characterization of a mutant lipoprotein of Escherichia coli, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74: 1388–1392.
Yamada, H., and Mizushima, S., 1977,Lipoprotein-bearing peptidoglycan sacculus as a preferred site for the in vitro assembly of membrane from dissociated components of outer membrane of Escherichia coli K-12, J. Biochem. 81: 1889–1899.
Yem, D. W., and Wu, H. C., 1978,Physiological characterization of an Escherichia coli mutant altered in the structure of murein lipoprotein, J. Bacteriol. 133: 1419–1426.
Yu, F., and Mizushima, S., 1977,Stimulation by lipopolysaccharide of the binding of outer membrane protein 0–8 and 0–9 to the peptidoglycan layer of Escherichia coli K-12, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 74: 1397–1402.
Yu, S., and Redman, C., 1977,In vitro synthesis of rat pre-proalbumin, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 76: 469–476.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1979 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Inouye, M. (1979). Lipoprotein of the Outer Membrane of Escherichia coli. In: Manson, L.A. (eds) Biomembranes. Biomembranes, vol 10. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6564-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6564-2_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-6566-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6564-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive