Abstract
To our knowledge this is the first review devoted entirely to the responses of plant cells to bacteria adhering to their surfaces. The choice of the term response is deliberate. It is intended to emphasize the fact that plant cells react to microorganisms, and that they are more than just passive substrates for bacterial colonization. Research on quantitative and qualitative aspects of bacterial adhesion to plant cells has gained momentum in recent years (see Dazzo, 1980; Sequeira, 1983; Pueppke, 1984; and Chapter 9). There also is a large body of data on the general responses of plants to challenge by pathogenic bacteria. Unfortunately, we often do not know how adherent bacteria influence plant responses. Distinctions between bacteria that are indeed bound and those that simply repose on plant cells also are difficult to make. As a consequence, we offer a substantial amount of speculative material in this section.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aist, J. R., 1976, Cytology of penetration and infection—Fungi, in: Physiological Plant Pathology (R. Heitefuss and P. H. Williams, eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 197–221.
Akkermans, A. D. L., and van Dijk, C., 1981, Non-leguminous root-nodule symbioses with actinomycetes and Rhizobium, in: Nitrogen Fixation, Volume 1 (W. J. Broughton, ed.), Oxford University Press (Clarendon), London, pp. 57–103.
Al-Issa, A. N., and Sigee, D. C., 1982a, The hypersensitive reaction in tobacco leaf tissue infiltrated with Pseudomonas pisi. 1. Active growth and division in bacteria entrapped at the surface of mesophyll cells, Phytopathol. Z. 104:104–114.
Al-Issa, A. N., and Sigee, D. C., 1982b, The hypersensitive reaction in tobacco leaf tissue infiltrated with Pseudomonas pisi. 3. Changes in the synthesis of DNA in bacteria and mesophyll cells, Phytopathol. Z. 105:198–213.
Al-Issa, A. N., and Sigee, D. C., 1983, The hypersensitive reaction in tobacco leaf tissue infiltrated with Pseudomonas pisi. 5. Inhibition of RNA synthesis in mesophyll cells, Phytopathol. Z. 106:23–34.
Al-Mousawi, A. H., Richardson, P. E., Essenberg, M., and Johnson, W. M., 1982a, Cotyledon and leaf ultrastructure of a bacterial blight-immune cotton line inoculated with a low level of Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum, Phytopathology 72:1230–1234.
Al-Mousawi, A. H., Richardson, P. E., Essenberg, M., and Johnson, W. M., 1982b, Ultrastructural studies of a compatible interaction between Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum and cotton, Phytopathology 72:1222–1230.
Al-Mousawi, A. H., Richardson, P. E., Essenberg, M., and Johnson, W. M., 1983, Specificity of the envelopment of bacteria and other particles in cotton cotyledons, Phytopathology 73:484–489.
Angulo Carmona, A. F., 1974, La formation des nodules fixateurs d’azote chez Alnus glutinosa (L.) Vill, Acta Bot.Need. 23:257–303.
Angulo Carmona, A. F., von Dijk, C., and Quispel, A., 1976, Symbiotic interactions in non-leguminous root nodules, in: Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Plants (P. S. Nutman, ed.), Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 475–484.
Atkinson, M. M., Huang J.-S., and vanDyke, C. G., 1981, Adsorption of pseudomonads to tobacco cell walls and its significance to bacterium-host interactions, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 18:1–5.
Badenoch-Jones, J., Summons, R. E., Djordjevic, M. A., Shine, J., Letham, D. S., and Rolfe, B. G., 1982, Mass spectrometric quantification of indole-3-acetic acid in Rhizobium culture supernatants: Relation to root hair curling and nodule initiation, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44:275–280.
Baker, D., and Torrey, J. G., 1979, The isolation and cultivation of actinomycetous root nodule endophytes, in: Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in the Management of Temperate Forests (J. C. Gordon, C. T. Wheeler, and D. A. Perry, eds.), Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, pp. 38–56.
Baker, D., and Torrey, J. G., 1980, Characterization of an effective actinorhizal microsymbiont, Frankia sp. AvcI1 (Actinomycetales), Can. J. Microbiol. 26:1066–1071.
Barber, D. A., and Frankenburg, U. C., 1971, The contribution of micro-organisms to the apparent adsorption of ions by roots grown under non-sterile conditions, New Phytol. 70:1027–1034.
Barber, D. A., and Lee, R. B., 1974, The effect of micro-organisms on the absorption of manganese by plants, NewPhytol. 73:97–106.
Barber, D. A., Bowen, G. D., and Rovira, A. D., 1976, Effects of microorganisms on absorption and distribution of phosphate in barley, Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 3:801–808.
Bauer, W. D., 1981, Infection of legumes by rhizobia, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 32:407–449.
Becking, J. H., 1970, Plant-endophyte symbiosis in non-leguminous plants, Plant Soil 32:611–654.
Becking, J. H., 1975, Root nodules in non-legumes, in: The Development and Function of Roots (J. G. Torrey and D. T. Clarkson, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 507–566.
Becking, J. H., 1977, Endophyte and association establishment in nonleguminous nitrogen-fixing plants, in: RecentDevelopments in Nitrogen Fixation (W. E. Newton, J. R. Postgate, and C. Rodriguez-Barrueco, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 551–567.
Bennett, R. A., and Lynch, J. M., 1981, Bacterial growth and development in the rhizosphere of gnotobiotic cereal plants, J. Gen. Microbiol. 125:95–102.
Berg, R. H., 1983, Preliminary evidence for the involvement of suberization in infection of Casuarina, Can. J. Bot. 61:2910–2918.
Berry, A., and Torrey, J. G., 1979, Isolation and characterization in vivo and in vitro of an actinomycetous endophyte from Alnus rubra Bong, in: Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in the Management of Temperate Forests (J. C. Gordon, C. T. Wheeler, and D. A. Perry, eds.), Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, pp. 69–83.
Berry, A., and Torrey, J. G., 1983, Root hair deformation in the infection process of Alnus rubra, Can. J. Bot. 61:2863–2876.
Bhuvaneswari, T. V., and Solheim, B., 1982, Induction of root hair branching in white clover, Plant Physiol. 69: Suppl. 22 (abstract).
Bhuvaneswari, T. V., Turgeon, B. G., and Bauer, W. D., 1980, Early events in the infection of soybean (Glycinemax L. Merr) by Rhizobium japonicum. I. Localization of infectible root cells, Plant Physiol. 66:1027–1031.
Bhuvaneswari, T. V., Bhagwat, A. A., and Bauer, W. D., 1981, Transient susceptibility of root cells in four common legumes to nodulation by rhizobia, Plant Physiol. 68:1144–1149.
Bieberdorf, F. W., 1938, The cytology and histology of the root nodules of some Leguminosae, J. Am. Soc. Agron. 30:375–389.
Blakeman, J. P. (ed.), 1981, Microbial Ecology of the Phylloplane, Academic Press, New York.
Bogers, R. J., 1972, On the interaction of Agrobacterium tumefaciens with cells of Kalanchoe diagremontiana, in: Proc. Third Int. Congr. Plant Pathogenic Bacteria (H. P. Maas Geesteranus, ed.), Cent. Agric. Publ. Doc., Wageningen, pp. 239–250.
Bond, G., 1976, The results of the IBP survey of root-nodule formation in nonleguminous angiosperms, in: Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Plants (P. S. Nutman, ed.), Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 443–474.
Bowen, G. D., and Rovira, A. D., 1976, Microbial colonization of plant roots, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 14:121–144.
Braun, A. C., 1978, Plant tumors, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 516:167–191.
Braun, A. C., 1982, A history of the crown gall problem, in: Molecular Biology of Plant Tumors (G. Kahl and J. S. Schell, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 155–210.
Braun, A. C., and Stonier, T., 1958, Morphology and physiology of plant tumors, Protoplasmatologia 10:1–93.
Bruegger, B. B., and Keen, N. T., 1979, Specific elicitors of glyceollin in the Pseudomonas glycinea-soybean host-parasite system, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 15:43–51.
Caldwell, B. E., and Vest, H. G., 1977, Genetic aspects of nodulation and dinitrogen fixation by legumes: The macrosymbiont, in: A Treatise on Dinitrogen Fixation, Section III (R. W. F. Hardy and W. S. Silver, eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp. 557–576.
Callaham, D. A., and Torrey, J. G., 1977, Prenodule formation and primary nodule development in roots of Comptonia (Myricaceae), Can. J. Bot. 55:2306–2318.
Callaham, D. A., and Torrey, J. G., 1981, The structural basis for infection of root hairs of Trifolium repens by Rhizobium, Can. J. Bot. 59:1647–1664.
Callaham, D. A., Del Tredici, P., and Torrey, J. G., 1978, Isolation and cultivation in vitro of the actinomycete causing root nodulation in Comptonia, Science 199:899–902.
Callaham, D. A., Newcomb, W., Torrey, J. G., and Peterson, R. L., 1979, Root hair infection in actinomycete-induced root nodule initiation in Casuarina, Myrica, and Comptonia, Bot. Gaz. 140(Suppl.):S1–S9.
Cason, E. T., Richardson, P. E., Essenberg, M. K., Brinkerhoff, L. A., Johnson, W. M., and Venere, R. J., 1978, Ultrastructural cell wall alterations in immune cotton leaves inoculated with Xanthomonas malvacearum, Phytopathology 68:1015–1021.
Chandler, M. R., 1978, Some observations on infection of Arachis hypogaea L. by Rhizobium, J. Exp. Bot. 29:749–755.
Chandler, M. R., Date, R. A., and Roughley, R. J., 1982, Infection and root nodule development in Stylosanthes species by Rhizobium, J. Exp. Bot. 33:47–57.
Clark, F. E., 1957, Nodulation of two near-isogenic lines of the soybean, Can. J. Microbiol. 3:113–123.
Cook, A. A., and Stall, R. E., 1977, Effect of watersoaking on response to Xanthomonas vesicatoria in pepper leaves, Phytopathology 67:1101–1103.
Costerton, J. W., 1980, Some techniques involved in study of adsorption of microorganisms to surfaces, in: Adsorption of Microorganisms to Surfaces (G. Bitton and K. C. Marshall, eds.), Wiley, New York, pp. 403–423.
Coulomb, P., 1971, Sur la presence de phytolysosomes dans les cellules de tumeurs de la plantule de Pois (Pisumsativum L.) induites par VAgrobacterium tumefaciens, C. R. Acad. Sci. Ser. D 272:1229–1231.
Crosse, J.E., 1965, Bacterial canker of stone-fruits. VI. Inhibition of leaf-scar infection of cherry by a saprophytic bacterium from the leaf surfaces, Ann. Appl. Biol. 56:149–160.
Dart, P. J., 1974, The infection process, in: Biology of Nitrogen Fixation (A. Quispel, ed.), North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 381–429.
Dart, P. J., 1975, Legume root nodule initiation and development, in: The Development and Function of Roots (J. G. Torrey and D. T. Clarkson, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 467–506.
Dart, P. J., 1977, Infection and development of leguminous nodules, in: A Treatise on Dinitrogen Fixation, Section III (R. W. F. Hardy and W. S. Silver, eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp. 367–472.
Dart, P. J., and Mercer, F. V., 1964, The legume rhizosphere, Arch. Mikrobiol. 47:344–378.
Dart, P. J., and Pate, J. S., 1959, Nodulation studies in legumes. III. The effects of delaying the inoculation on the seedling symbiosis of barrel medic (Medicago tribuloides Desr.), Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 12:427–444.
Daub, M. E., and Hagedorn, D. J., 1980, Growth kinetics and interactions of Pseudomonas syringae with susceptible and resistant bean tissues, Phytopathology 70:429–436.
Dazzo, F. B., 1980, Adsorption of microorganisms to roots and other plant surfaces, in: Adsorption of Micro-organisms to Surfaces (G. Bitton and K. C. Marshall, eds.), Wiley, New York, pp. 253–316.
Dazzo, F. B., and Brill, W. J., 1978, Regulation by fixed nitrogen of host-symbiont recognition in the Rhizobium-clover symbiosis, Plant Physiol. 62:18–21.
Dazzo, F. B., and Hubbell, D. H., 1975, Cross-reactive antigens and lectin as determinants of symbiotic specificity in the Rhizobium-clover association, Appl. Microbiol. 30:1017–1033.
Dazzo, F. B., Napoli, C. A., and Hubbell, D. H., 1976, Adsorption of bacteria to roots as related to host specificity in the Rhizobium-clover symbiosis, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 32:166–171.
Devine, T. E., and Weber, D. F., 1977, Genetic specificity of nodulation, Euphytica 26:527–535.
Devine, T. E., Kuykendall, L. D., and Breithaupt, B. H., 1980, Nodulation of soybeans carrying the nodulation-restrictive gene, rj 1 , by an incompatible Rhizobium japonicum strain upon mixed inoculation with a compatible strain, Can. J. Microbiol. 26:179–182.
Devine, T. E., Breithaupt, B. H., and Kuykendall, L. D., 1981, Tests for a diffusable compound endowing rj 1 -incompatible strains of Rhizobium japonicum with the ability to nodulate the rj 1 rj 1 soybean genotype, CropSci. 21:696–699.
Diem, H. G., Rougier, M., Hamad-Fares, I., Balandreau, J. P., and Dommergues, Y. R., 1978, Colonization of rice roots by diazotroph bacteria, Ecol. Bull. (Stockholm) 26:305–311.
Diem, H. G., Gauthier, D., and Dommergues, Y. R., 1982a, Extranodular growth of Frankia on Casuarinaequisetifolia, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 15:181–184.
Diem, H. G., Gauthier, D., and Dommergues, Y. R., 1982b, Isolement et culture in vitro d’une souche infective et effective de Frankia isolee de nodules de Casuarina sp., C.R. Acad. Sci. Ser. C 295:759–763.
Djordjevic, M. S., Zurkowski, W., Shine, J., and Rolfe, B. G., 1983, Sym plasmid transfer to various symbiotic mutants of Rhizobium trifolii, R. leguminosarum, and R., meliloti, J. Bacteriol. 156:1035–1045.
Döbereiner, J., Day, J. M., and Dart, P. J., 1972, Nitrogenase activity and oxygen sensitivity of the Paspalumnotatum-Azotobacter paspali association, J. Gen. Microbiol. 71:103–116.
Douglas, C. J., Halperin, W., and Nester, E. W., 1982, Agrobacterium tumefaciens mutants affected in attachment to plant cells, J. Bacteriol. 152:1265–1275.
Fåhraeus, G., 1957, The infection of clover root hairs by nodule bacteria studied by a simple glass slide technique, J. Gen. Microbiol. 16:374–381.
Fåhraeus, G., and Ljunggren, H., 1968, Pre-infection phases of the legume symbiosis, in: The Ecology of SoilBacteria (T. R. G. Gray and D. Parkinson, eds.), University of Toronto Press, Toronto, pp. 396–421.
Fett, W. F., and Jones, S. B., 1982, Role of bacterial immobilization in race-specific resistance of soybean to Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea, Phytopathology 72:488–492.
Fett, W. F., and Zacharius, R. M., 1983, Bacterial growth and phytoalexin elicitation on soybean cell suspension cultures inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 22:151–172.
Forrai, T., Vincze, E., Banfalvi, Z., Kiss, G. B., Randhawa, G. S., and Kondorosi, A., 1983, Localization of symbiotic mutations in Rhizobium meliloti, J. Bacteriol. 153:635–643.
Foster, R. C., 1981, The ultrastructure and histochemistry of the rhizosphere, New Phytol. 89:263–273.
Galloway, B. T., 1919, Giant crowngalls from the Florida Everglades, Phytopathology 9:207–208.
Gee, M. M., Sun, C. N., and Dwyer, J. D., 1967, An electron microscope study of sunflower crown gall tumor, Protoplasma 64:195–200.
Gnanamanickam, S. S., and Patil, S. S., 1977a, Accumulation of antibacterial isoflavonoids in hypersensitively responding bean leaf tissues inoculated with Pseudomonas phaseolicola, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 10:159–168.
Gnanamanickam, S. S., and Patil, S. S., 1977b, Phaseotoxin suppresses bacterially induced hypersensitive reaction and phytoalexin synthesis in bean cultivars, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 10:169–179.
Goodman, R. N., 1967, Protection of apple stem tissue against Erwinia amylovora infection by avirulent strains and three other bacterial species, Phytopathology 57:22–24.
Goodman, R. N., 1968, The hypersensitive reaction in tobacco a reflection of changes in host cell permeability, Phytopathology 58:872–873.
Goodman, R. N., 1972, Electrolyte leakage and membrane damage in relation to bacterial population, pH, and ammonia production in tobacco leaf tissue inoculated with Pseudomonas pisi, Phytopathology 62:1327–1331.
Goodman, R. N., and Plurad, S. B., 1971, Ultrastructural changes in tobacco undergoing the hypersensitive reaction caused by plant pathogenic bacteria, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 1:11–15.
Goodman, R. N., Huang, P.-Y., and White, J. A., 1976, Ultrastructural evidence for immobilization of an incompatible bacterium, Pseudomonas pisi, in tobacco leaf tissue, Phytopathology 66:754–764.
Goodman, R. N., Politis, D. J., and White, J. A., 1977, Ultrastructural evidence of an “active” immobilization process of incompatible bacteria in tobacco leaf tissue: A resistance reaction, in: Cell Wall BiochemistryRelated to Specificity in Host-Plant Pathogen Interactions (B. Solheim and J. Raa, eds.), Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, pp. 423–437.
Gordon, M. P., 1981, Tumor formation in plants, in: The Biochemistry of Plants, Volume 6 (P. K. Stumpf and E. E. Conn, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 531–570.
Greaves, M. P., and Darbyshire, J. F., 1972, The ultrastructure of the mucilaginous layer on plant roots, Soil Biol.Biochem. 4:443–449.
Haack, A., 1964, Uber den Einfluss der Knollchenbakterien auf die Wurzelhaare von Leguminosen und Nichtleguminosen, Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Abt. 2 Hyg. 117:343–366.
Hepper, C.M., 1978, Physiological studies on nodule formation: The characteristics and inheritance of abnormal nodulation in Trifolium pratense by Rhizobium leguminosarum, Ann. Bot. 42:109–115.
Hepper, C. M., and Lee, L., 1979, Nodulation of Trifolium subterraneum by Rhizobium leguminosarum, Plant Soil 51:441–445.
Higashi, S., and Abe, M., 1980, Scanning electron microscopy of Rhizobium trifolii infection sites on root hairs of white clover, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40:1094–1099.
Hildebrand, D. C., Alosi, M. C., and Schroth, M. N., 1980, Physical entrapment of pseudomonads in bean leaves by films formed at air-water interfaces, Phytopathology 70:98–109.
Hirsch, A. M., Long, S. R., Bang, M., Haskins, N., and Ausubel, F. M., 1982, Structural studies of alfalfa roots infected with nodulation mutants of Rhizobium meliloti, J. Bacteriol. 151:411–419.
Holliday, M. J., and Keen, N. T., 1982, The role of phytoalexins in the resistance of soybean leaves to bacteria: Effect of glyphosate on glyceollin accumulation, Phytopathology 72:1470–1474.
Holmes, F. O., 1929, Local lesions in tobacco mosaic, Bot. Gaz. 87:39–55.
Holt, J. G. (ed), 1977, Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed., Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
Hooykaas, P. J. J., vanBrussel, A. A. N., den Dulk-Ras, H., vanSlogteren, G. M. S., and Schilperoort, R. A., 1981, Sym plasmid of Rhizobium trifolii expressed in different rhizobial species and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Nature (London) 291:351–353.
Hooykaas, P. J. J., Snijdewint, F. G. M., and Schilperoort, R. A., 1982, Identification of the sym plasmid of Rhizobium leguminosarum strain 1001 and its transfer to and expression in other rhizobia and Agrobacteriumtumefaciens, Plasmid 8:73–82.
Horner, H. T., Jr., and Lersten, N. R., 1968, Development, structure and function of secretory trichomes in Psychotria bacteriophila (Rubiaceae), Am. J. Bot. 55:1089–1099.
Horner, H. T., Jr., and Lersten, N. R., 1972, Nomenclature of bacteria in leaf nodules of the families Myrsinaceae and Rubiaceae, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 22:117–122.
Hsieh, S. P. Y., and Buddenhagen, I. W., 1974, Suppressing effects of Erwinia herbicola on infection by Xanthomonas oryzae and on symptom development in rice, Phytopathology 64:1182–1185.
Huang, J.-S., and Goodman, R. N., 1970, The relationship of phosphatidase activity to the hypersensitive reaction in tobacco induced by bacteria, Phytopathology 60:1020–1021.
Huang, J.-S., and Goodman, R. N., 1972, Alterations in structural proteins from chloroplast membranes of bacterially induced hypersensitive tobacco leaves, Phytopathology 62:1428–1434.
Huang, J.-S., Huang, P.-Y., and Goodman, R. N., 1973, Reconstitution of a membrane-like structure with structural proteins and lipids isolated from tobacco thylakoid membranes, Am. J. Bot. 60:80–85.
Huang, J.-S., Huang, P.-Y., and Goodman, R. M., 1974, Ultrastructural changes in tobacco thylakoid membrane protein caused by a bacterially induced hypersensitive reaction, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 4:93–97.
Hubbell, D. H., 1970, Studies on the root hair “curling factor” of Rhizobium, Bot. Gaz. 131:337–342.
Hubbell, D. H., 1981, Legume infection by Rhizobium: A conceptual approach, BioScience 31:832–837.
Johansen, D. A., 1940, Plant Microtechnique, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Kahl, G., and Schell, J. S. (eds.), 1982, Molecular Biology of Plant Tumors, Academic Press, New York.
Kavimandan, S. K., Subba Rao, N. S., and Mohrir, A. V., 1978, Isolation of Spirillum lipoferum from the stems of wheat and nitrogen fixation in enrichment cultures, Curr. Sci. (Bangalore) 47:96–98.
Keen, N. T., and Holliday, M. J., 1982, Recognition of bacterial pathogens by plants, in: PhytopathogenicProkaryotes, Volume 2 (M. S. Mount and G. H. Lacy, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 179–217.
Keen, N. T., and Kennedy, B. W., 1974, Hydroxyphaseollin and related isoflavonoids in the hypersensitive resistant response of soybeans against Pseudomonas glycinea, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 4:173–185.
Keen, N. T., Ersek, T., Long, M., Bruegger, B. B., and Holliday, M., 1981, Inhibition of the hypersensitive reaction of soybean leaves to incompatible Pseudomonas spp. by blasticidin S, streptomycin or elevated temperature, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 18:325–337.
Kino, Y., Nozu, M., and Itoi, S., 1979, Interaction between French bean primary leaf and Agrobacteriumtumefaciens (Smith et Townsend) Conn, in earlier stages of infection, Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 45:275–278.
Király, Z., 1980, Defenses triggered by the invader: Hypersensitivity, in: Plant Disease: An Advanced Treatise, Volume 5 (J. G. Horsfall and E. B. Cowling, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 201–224.
Kleczkowska, J., Nutman, P. S., and Bond, G., 1944, Note on the ability of certain strains of Rhizogium from peas and clover to infect each other’s host plants, J. Bacteriol. 48:673–675.
Klement, Z., 1963, Rapid detection of the pathogenicity of phytopathogenic pseudomonads, Nature (London) 199:299–300.
Klement, Z., 1971, The hypersensitive reaction of plants to bacterial infection, Acta Phytopathol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 6:115–118.
Klement, Z., 1972, Development of the hypersensitive reaction induced by phytopathogenic bacteria, in: Proc.Third Int. Congr. Plant Pathogenic Bacteria (H. P. Maas Geesteranus, ed.), Cent. Agric. Publ. Doc., Wageningen, pp. 157–164.
Klement, Z., 1977, Cell contact recognition versus toxin action in induction of bacterial hypersensitive reaction, Acta Phytopathol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12:257–261.
Klement, Z., 1982, Hypersensitivity in: The Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes, Volume 2 (M. S. Mount and G. H. Lacy, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 149–177.
Klement, Z., and Goodman, R. N., 1967a, The hypersensitive reaction to infection by bacterial plant pathogens, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 5:17–44.
Klement, Z., and Goodman, R. N., 1967b, The role of the living bacterial cell and induction time in the hypersensitive reaction of the tobacco plant, Phytopathology 57:322–323.
Klement, Z., and Lovrekovich, L., 1961, Defense reactions induced by phytopathogenic bacteria in bean pods, Phytopathol. Z. 41:217–227.
Klement, Z., and Lovrekovich, L., 1962, Studies on host-parasite relations in bean pods infected with bacteria, Phytopathol. Z. 45:81–88.
Klement, Z., Farkas, G. L., and Lovrekovich, L., 1964, Hypersensitive reaction induced by phytopathogenic bacteria in the tobacco leaf, Phytopathology 54:474–477.
Kluepfel, D. A., and Pueppke, S. G., 1983, Surface ultrastructure of the adherence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to potato tuber cells, Abstr. Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol. J20.
Knowlton, S., and Dawson, J. O., 1983, Effects of Pseudomonas cepacia and cultural factors on the nodulation of Alnus rubra roots by Frankia, Can. J. Bot. 61:2877–2882.
Knowlton, S., Berry, A., and Torrey, J. G., 1980, Evidence that associated soil bacteria may influence root hair infection of actinorhizal plants by Frankia, Can. J. Microbiol. 26:971–977.
Kondorosi, E., Banfalvi, Z., and Kondorosi, A., 1984, Physical and genetic analysis of a symbiotic region of Rhizobium meliloti: Identification of nodulation genes, Mol. Gen. Genet. 193:445–452.
Korhonen, T. K., Tarkka, E., Ranta, H., and Haahtela, K., 1983, Type 3 fimbriae of Klebsiella sp.: Molecular characterization and role in bacterial adhesion to plant roots, J. Bacteriol. 155: 860–865.
Lalonde, M., 1977, Infection process of Alnus root nodule symbiosis, in: Recent Developments in Nitrogen Fixation (W. E. Newton, J. R. Postgate, and C. Rodriguez-Barrueco, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 569–589.
Lalonde, M., and Calvert, H. E., 1979, Production of Frankia hyphae and spores as an infective inoculant for Alnus species in: Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in the Management of Temperate Forests (J. C. Gordon, C. T. Wheeler, and D. A. Perry, eds.), Orgeon State University Press, Corvallis, pp. 95–110.
Lalonde, M., and Quispel, A., 1977, Ultrastructural and immunological demonstration of the nodulation of the European Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. host plant by the North-American Alnus crispa var. Mollis Fern, root nodule endophyte, Can. J. Microbiol. 23:1529–1547.
Lalonde, M., Calvert, H. E., and Pine, S., 1981, Isolation and use of Frankia strains in actinorhizae formation, in: Current Perspectives in Nitrogen Fixation (A. H. Gibson and W. E. Newton, eds.), Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, pp. 296–299.
Lange, R. T., 1966, Bacterial symbiosis with plants, in: Symbiosis, Volume 1 (S. M. Henry, ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 99–170.
Last, F. L., and Warren, R. C., 1972, Non-parasitic microbes colonizing green leaves: Their form and functions, Endeavour 31:143–150.
Lechevalier, M. P., and Lechevalier, H. A., 1979, The taxonomic position of the actinomycetic endophytes, in: Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in the Management of Temperate Forests (J. C. Gordon, C. T. Wheeler, and D. A. Perry, eds.), Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, pp. 111–122.
Lersten, N. T., and Horner, H. T., Jr., 1967, Development and structure of bacterial leaf nodules in Psychotriabacteriophila Val. (Rubiaceae), J. Bacteriol. 94:2027–2036.
Li, D., and Hubbell, D. H., 1970, Infection thread formation as a basis of nodulation specificity in Rhizobium-strawberry clover associations, Can. J. Microbiol. 15:1133–1136.
Lipetz, J., 1970, The fine structure of plant tumors. I. Comparison of crown gall and hyperplastic cells, Protoplasma 70:207–216.
Lippincott, J. A., and Heberlein, G. T., 1965, The induction of leaf tumors by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Am. J.Bot. 52:396–403.
Lippincott, J. A., and Lippincott, B. B., 1976, Morphogenic determinants as exemplified by the crown-gall disease, in: Physiological Plant Pathology (R. Heitefuss and P. H. Williams, eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 356–388.
Lippincott, J. A., and Lippincott, B. B., 1980, Microbial adherence in plants, in: Bacterial Adherence (E. H. Beachey, ed), Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 375–398.
Ljunggren, H., 1969, Mechanism and pattern of Rhizobium invasion into leguminous root hairs, Physiol. Plant.Suppl. V:1–82.
Lynch, J. M., 1982, Interactions between bacteria and plants in the root environment, in: Bacteria and Plants (M. Rhodes-Roberts and F. A. Skinner, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 1–23.
Lyon, F. M., and Wood, R. K. S., 1975, Production of phaseollin, coumestrol and related compounds in bean leaves inoculated with Pseudomonas spp., Physiol. Plant Pathol. 6:117–124.
McCoy, E., 1932, Infection by Bact. radicicola in relation to the microchemistry of the host’s cell walls, Proc. R.Soc. London Ser. B 110:514–533.
McIntyre, J. L., Kuć, J., and Williams, E. B., 1973, Protection of pear against fire blight by bacteria and bacterial sonicates, Phytopathology 63:872–877.
Malajczuk, N., and Bowen, G. D., 1974, Proteoid roots are microbially induced, Nature (London) 251:316–317.
Manocha, M. A., 1970, Fine structure of crown gall tissue, Can. J. Bot. 48:1455–1458.
Matthysse, A. G., 1983, Role of bacterial cellulose fibrils in Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection, J. Bacteriol. 154:906–915.
Matthysse, A. G., Wyman, P. M., and Holmes, K. V., 1978, Plasmid-dependent attachment of Agrobacteriumtumefaciens to plant tissue culture cells, Infect. Immun. 22:516–522.
Matthysse, A. G., Holmes, K. V., and Gurlitz, R. H. G., 1981, Elaboration of cellulose fibrils by Agrobacteriumtumefaciens during attachment to carrot cells, J. Bacteriol. 145:583–595.
Matthysse, A. G., Holmes, K. V., and Gurlitz, R. H. G., 1982, Binding of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to carrot protoplasts, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 20:27–33.
Meadows, M. E., and Stall, R. E., 1981, Different induction periods for hypersensitivity in pepper to Xanthomonasvesicatoria determined with antimicrobial agents, Phytopathology 71:1024–1027.
Morrison, N. A., Hau, C. Y., Trinick, M. J., Shine, J., and Rolfe, B. G., 1983, Heat curing a sym plasmid in a fast-growing Rhizobium sp. that is able to nodulate legumes and the nonlegume Parasponia sp., J. Bacteriol. 153:527–531.
Müller, K. O., 1959, Hypersensitivity in: Plant Pathology: An Advanced Treatise (J. G. Horsfall and A. E. Dimond, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 469–519.
Munns, D. N., 1968a, Nodulation of Medicago sativa in solution culture. I. Acid-sensitive steps, Plant Soil 28:129–146.
Munns, D. N., 1968b, Nodulation of Medicago sativa in solution culture. III. Effects of nitrate on root hairs and infection, Plant Soil 29:33–47.
Napoli, C., and Albersheim, P., 1980, Rhizobium leguminosarum mutants incapable of normal extracellular polysaccharide production, J. Bacteriol. 141:1454–1456.
Napoli, C. A., and Hubbell, D. H., 1975, Ultrastructure of Rhizobium-inductd infection threads in clover root hairs, Appl. Microbiol. 30:1003–1009.
Németh, J., and Klement, Z., 1967, Changes in respiration rate of tobacco leaves infected with bacteria in relation to the hypersensitive reaction, Acta Phytopathol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 2:303–308.
Nester, E. W., and Kosuge, T., 1981, Plasmids specifying plant hyperplasias, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 35:531–565.
Newcomb, W., Sippel, D., and Peterson, R. L., 1979, The early morphogenesis of Glycine max and Pisum sativum root nodules, Can. J. Bot. 57:2603–2616.
Nissen, P., 1971, Choline sulfate permease: Transfer of information from bacteria to higher plants? II. Induction processes, in: Information Molecules in Biological Systems (L. Ledoux, ed.), North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 201–212.
Nutman, P. S., 1949, Nuclear and cytoplasmic inheritance of resistance to infection by nodule bacteria in red clover, Heredity 3:263–291.
Nutman, P. S., 1951, Host factors influencing infection and nodule development in leguminous plants, Proc. R.Soc. London Ser. B 139:176–185.
Nutman, P. S., 1956, The influence of the legume in root-nodule symbiosis: A comparative study of host determinants and functions, Biol. Rev. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 31:109–151.
Nutman, P. S., 1959, Some observations on root-hair infection by nodule bacteria, J. Exp. Bot. 10:250–263.
Nutman, P. S., 1962, The relation between root hair infection by Rhizobium and nodulation in Trifolium and Vicia, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 156:122–137.
Nutman, P. S., 1965, The relation between nodule bacteria and the legume host in the rhizosphere and in the process of infection, in: Ecology of Soil-borne Plant Pathogens (K. F. Baker and W. C. Snyder, eds.), University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 231–246.
Nutman, P. S., 1967, Varietal differences in the nodulation of subterranean clover, Aust. J. Agric. Res. 18:381–425.
Nutman, P. S., 1969, Genetics of symbiosis and nitrogen fixation in legumes, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 172:417–437.
Nutman, P. S., 1981, Hereditary host factors affecting nodulation and nitrogen fixation, in: Current Perspectives in Nitrogen Fixation (A. H. Gibson and W. E. Newton, eds.), Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, pp. 194–204.
O’Brien, F., and Wood, R. K. S., 1973, Antibacterial substances in hypersensitive responses induced by bacteria, Nature (London) 242:532–533.
Obukowicz, M., and Kennedy, G. S., 1981, Phenolic ultracytochemistry of tobacco cells undergoing the hypersensitive reaction to Pseudomonas solanacearum, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 18:339–344.
Patil, S. S., and Gnanamanickam, S. S., 1976, Suppression of bacterially-induced hypersensitive reaction and phytoalexin accumulation in bean by phaseotoxin, Nature (London) 259:486–487.
Patriquin, D. G., and Dobereiner, J., 1978, Light microscopy observations of tetrazolium-reducing bacteria in the endorhizosphere of maize and other grasses in Brazil, Can. J. Microbiol. 24:734–742.
Patriquin, D. G., Dobereiner, J., and Jain, D. K., 1983, Sites and processes of association between diazotrophs and grasses, Can. J. Microbiol. 29:900–915.
Pavlovkin, J., and Novacky, A., 1984, Bacterial hypersensitivity-related alterations in cell membranes, in: Membrane Transport in Plants (W. J. Cram, K. Janacek, R. Rybova, and K. Sigler, eds.), Academia, Prague, p. 423.
Périnet, P., and Lalonde, M., 1983, In vitro propagation and nodulation of the actinorhizal host plant Alnusglutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Plant Sci. Lett. 29:9–17.
Pizelle, G., 1972, Observations sur les racines de plantules d’Aune glutineux (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.), Bull. Soc.Bot. Fr. 119:571–580.
Politis, D. J., and Goodman, R. N., 1978, Localized cell wall appositions: Incompatibility response of tobacco leaf cells to Pseudomonas pisi, Phytopathology 68: 309–316.
Pommer, E. H., 1956, Beitrage zur Anatomie und Biologie der Wurzelknollchen von Alnus glutinosa Gaertn., Flora (Jena) 143:603–634.
Pommer, E. H., 1959, Uber die Isolierung des Endophyten aus den Wurzelknollchen AInus glutinosa Gaertn. Und uber erfolgreiche Re-Infektionsversuche, Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 72:138–150.
Pueppke, S. G., 1983, Rhizobium infection threads in root hairs of Glycine max (L.) Merr., Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc., and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., Can. J. Microbiol. 29:69–76.
Pueppke, S. G., 1984, Adsorption of bacteria to plant surfaces, in: Plant-Microbe Interactions, Molecular andGenetic Perspectives (T. Kosuge and E. W. Nester, eds.), Macmillan Co., New York, pp. 215–261.
Purchase, H. F., 1958, Restriction of infection threads in nodulation of clover and lucerne, Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 11:155–161.
Quispel, A., and Burggraaf, A. J. P., 1981, Frankia, the diazotrophic endophyte from actinorhiza’s, in: Current Perspectives in Nitrogen Fixation (A. H. Gibson and W. E. Newton, eds.), Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, pp. 229–236.
Ranga Rao, V., 1977, Effect of root temperature on the infection processes and nodulation in Lotus and Stylosanthes, J. Exp. Bot. 28:241–259.
Ranga Rao, V., and Keister, D. L., 1978, Infection threads in the root hairs of soybean (Glycine max) plants inoculated with Rhizobium japonicum, Protoplasma 97:311–316.
Rennie, R. J., 1981, Diazotrophic biocoenosis—The workshop consensus paper, in: Associative N 2 -Fixation, Volume II (P. B. Vose and A. P. Ruschel, eds.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., pp. 253–258.
Riker, A. J., 1923a, Some morphological responses of the host tissue to the crowngall organism, J. Agric. Res. 26:425–435.
Riker, A. J., 1923b, Some relations of the crowngall organism to its host tissue, J. Agric. Res. 25:119–132.
Riker, A. J., 1927, Cytological studies of crowngall tissue, Am. J. Bot. 14:25–37.
Robertson, J. G., Lyttleton, P., and Pankhurst, C. E., 1981, Preinfection and infection processes in the legume-Rhizobium symbiosis, in: Current Perspectives in Nitrogen Fixation (A. H. Gibson and W. E. Newton, eds.), Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, pp. 280–291.
Robinson, W., and Walkden, H., 1923, A critical study of crown gall, Ann. Bot. 37:299–324.
Roebuck, P., Sexton, R., and Mansfield, J. W., 1978, Ultrastructural observations on the development of the hypersensitive reaction in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Red Mexican inoculated with Pseudomonasphaseolicola (race 1), Physiol. Plant Pathol. 12:151–157.
Rovira, A. D., and Campbell, R., 1974, Scanning electron microscopy of microorganisms on the roots of wheat, Microb. Ecol. 1:15–23.
Sahlman, K., and Fahraeus, G., 1963, An electron microscope study of root-hair infection by Rhizobium, J. Gen.Microbiol. 33:425–427.
Schank, S. C., Smith, R. L., Weiser, G. C., Zuberer, D. A., Bouton, J. H., Quesenberry, K. H., Tyler, M. E., Milam, J. R., and Littell, R. C., 1979, Fluorescent antibody technique to identify Azospirillum brasilense associated with roots of grasses, Soil Biol. Biochem. 11:287–295.
Scott, D. B., and Ronson, C. W., 1982, Identification and mobilization by cointegrate formation of a nodulation plasmid in Rhizobium trifolii, J. Bacteriol. 151:36–43.
Scott, F. M., 1948, Internal suberization of plant tissues, Science 108:654–655.
Scott, F. M., 1950, Internal suberization of tissues, Bot. Gaz. 111:378–394.
Sequeira, L., 1980, Defense triggered by the invader: Recognition and compatibility phenomena, in: Plant Disease:An Advanced Treatise, Volume 5 (J. G. Horsfall and E. B. Cowling, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 179–200.
Sequeira, L., 1983, Recognition and specificity between plants and pathogens, in: Challenging Problems in Plant Health (T. Kommedahl and P. H. Williams, eds.), American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, pp. 301–310.
Sequeira, L., Gaard, G., and DeZoeten, G. A., 1977, Attachment of bacteria to host cells walls: Its relation to mechanisms of induced resistance, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 10:43–50.
Sigee, D. C., and Al-Issa, A. N., 1983, The hypersensitive reaction in tobacco leaf tissue infiltrated with Pseudomonas pisi. 4. Scanning electron microscope studies on fractured leaf tissue, Phytopathol. Z. 106:1–15.
Sigee, D. C., and Epton, H. A. S., 1976, Ultrastructural changes in resistant and susceptible varieties of Phaseolusvulgaris following artificial inoculation with Pseudomonas phaseolicola, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 9:1–8.
Sigee, D. C., Smith, V. A., and Hindley, J., 1982, Passage of bacterial DNA into host cells during in vitro transformation of Nicotiana tabacum by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Microbios 34:113–132.
Sing, V. O., and Schroth, M. N., 1977, Bacteria-plant cell surface interaction: Active immobilization of saprophytic bacteria in plant leaves, Science 197:759–761.
Skrdleta, V., 1970, Competition for nodule sites between two inoculum strains of Rhizobium japonicum as affected by delayed inoculation, Soil Biol. Biochem. 2:167–171.
Slusarenko, A. J., and Wood, R. K. S., 1983, Agglutination of Pseudomonasphaseolicola by pectic polysaccharide from leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 23:217–227.
Smith, J. J., and Mansfield, J. W., 1982, Infrastructure of interactions between pesudomonads and oat leaves, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 21:259–266.
Smith, R. L., Schank, S. C., Bouton, J. H., and Quesenberry, K. H., 1978, Yield increases of tropical grasses after inoculation with Spirillum lipoferum, Ecol. Bull. (Stockholm) 26:380–385.
Solheim, B., and Raa, J., 1973, Characterization of the substances causing deformation of root hairs of Trifolium repens when inoculated with Rhizobium trifolii, J. Gen. Microbiol. 77:241–247.
Spiess, L. D., Lippincott, B. B., and Lippincott, J. A., 1971, Development and gametophore induction in the moss Pylaisiella selwynii as influenced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Am. J. Bot. 58:726–731.
Spiess, L. D., Lippincott, B. B., and Lippincott, J. A., 1972, Influence of certain plant growth regulators and crown-gall related substances on bud formation and gametophore development of the moss Pylaisiella selwynii, Am. J. Bot. 59:233–241.
Spiess, L. D., Lippincott, B. B., and Lippincott, J. A., 1973, Effect of hormones and vitamin B12 on gametophores development in the moss Pylaisiella selwynii, Am. J. Bot. 60:708–716.
Spiess, L. D., Lippincott, B. B., and Lippincott, J. A., 1976, The requirement of physical contact for moss gametophore induction by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Am. J. Bot. 63:324–328.
Spiess, L. D., Lippincott, B. B., and Lippincott, J. A., 1977a, Comparative response of Pylaisiella selwynii to Agrobacterium and Rhizobium species, Bot. Gaz. 138:35–40.
Spiess, L. D., Turner, J. C., Mahlberg, P. G., Lippincott, B. B., and Lippincott, J. A., 1977b, Adherence of agrobacteria to moss protonema and gametophores viewed by scanning electron microscopy, Am. J. Bot. 64:1200–1208.
Stacey, G., Paau, A. S., and Brill, W. J., 1980, Host recognition in the Rhizobium-soybeain symbiosis, PlantPhysiol. 66:609–614.
Stall, R. E., and Cook, A. A., 1979, Evidence that bacterial contact with the plant cell is necessary for the hypersensitive reaction but not the susceptible reaction, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 14:77–84.
Stholasuta, P., Bailey, J. A., Severin, V., and Deverall, B. J., 1971, Effect of bacterial inoculation of bean and pea leaves on the accumulation of phaseollin and pisatin, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 1:177–183.
Taubert, H., 1956, Uber den Infektionsvorgang und die Entwicklung der Knollchen bei Alnus glutinosa Gaertn., Planta 48:135–156.
Therman, E., 1956, Dedifferentiation and differentiation of cells in crown gall of Viciafaba, Caryologia 8:325–348.
Thornton, H. G., 1936, The action of sodium nitrate upon the infection of lucerne root-hairs by nodule bacteria, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 119:474–492.
Tien, T. M., Gaskins, M. H., and Hubbell, D. H., 1979, Plant growth substances produced by Azospirillumbrasilense and their effect on the growth of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.), Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 37:1016–1024.
Torrey, J. G., 1976, Initiation and development of root nodules of Casuarina (Casuarinaceae), Am. J. Bot. 63:335–344.
Torrey, J. G., 1978, Nitrogen fixation by Actinomycete-nodulated angiosperms, BioScience 28:586–592.
Torrey, J. G., and Callaham, D. A., 1979, Early nodule development in Myrica gale, Bot. Gaz. 140(Suppl.):10–14.
Torrey, J. G., Baker, D., Callaham, D., Del Tredici, P., Newcomb, W., Peterson, R. L., and Tjepkema, J. D., 1980, On the nature of the endophyte causing root nodulation in Comptonia, in: Nitrogen Fixation, Volume II (W. E. Newton and W. H. Orme-Johnson, eds.), University Park Press, Baltimore, pp. 211–221.
Trinick, M. J., 1982, Uost-Rhizobium association, in: Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes (J. M. Vincent, ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 111–122.
Truchet, G. L., and Dazzo, F. B., 1982, Morphogenesis of lucerne root nodules incited by Rhizobium meliloti in the presence of combined nitrogen, Planta 154:352–360.
Truchet, G. L., Rosenberg, C., Vasse, J., Julliot, J.-S., Camut, S., and Denarie, J., 1984, Transfer of Rhizobiummeliloti pSym genes into Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Host-specific nodulation by atypical infection, J. Bacteriol. 157:134–142.
Tu, J. C., 1981, Effect of salinity on Rhizobium-root hair interaction, nodulation and growth of soybean, Can. J.Plant Sci. 61:231–239.
Turgeon, B. G., and Bauer, W. D., 1982, Early events in the infection of soybean by Rhizobium japonicum: Time course and cytology of the initial infection process, Can. J. Bot. 60:152–161.
Turgeon, B. G., and Bauer, W. D., 1984, Ultrastructure of infection-thread development during the infection of soybean by Rhizobium japonicum, Planta, in press.
Umali-Garcia, M., Hubbell, D. H., and Gaskins, M. H., 1978, Process of infection of Panicum maximum by Spirillum lipoferum, Ecol. Bull. (Stockholm) 26:373–379.
Umali-Garcia, M., Hubbell, D. H., Gaskins, M. H., and Dazzo, F. B., 1979, Adsorption and mode of entry of Azospirillum brasilense to grass roots, in: Associative N 2 -fixation, Volume I (P. B. Vose and A. P. Ruschel, eds.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., pp. 49–62.
Umali-Garcia, M., Hubbell, D. H., Gaskins, M. H., and Dazzo, F. B., 1980, Association of Azospirillum with grass roots, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39:219–226.
vanBerkum, P., and Bohlool, B. B., 1980, Evaluation of nitrogen fixation by bacteria in association with roots of tropical grasses, Microbiol. Rev. 44:491–517.
Van Etten, H. D., and Pueppke, S. G., 1976, Isoflavonoid phytoalexins, in: Biochemical Aspects of Plant-ParasiteRelationships (J. Friend and D. R. Threlfall, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 239–289.
Vincent, J. M., 1974, Root-nodule symbioses with Rhizobium, in: Biological Nitrogen Fixation (A. Quispel, ed.), North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 265–341.
Vincent, J. M., 1977, Rhizobium: General Microbiology, in: A Treatise on Dinitrogen Fixation, Section III (R. W. F. Hardy and W. S. Silver, eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp. 277–366.
Vincent, J. M., 1980, Factors controlling the legume-Rhizobium symbiosis, in: Nitrogen Fixation, Volume II (W.E. Newton and W. H. Orme-Johnson, eds.), University Park Press, Baltimore, pp. 103–129.
Ward, H. M., 1887, On the tubercular swellings on the roots of Viciafaba, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 178:539–562.
Ward, H. M., 1902, On the relations between host and parasite in the Bromes and their brown rust, Pucciniadispersa (Erikss.), Ann. Bot. 16:233–315.
Watanabe, I., and Barraquio, W. L., 1979, Low levels of fixed nitrogen required for isolation of free-living N2-fixing organisms from rice roots, Nature (London) 277:565–566.
Whitmoyer, R. E., and Horner, H. T., Jr., 1970, Developmental aspects of bacterial leaf nodules in Psychotriabacteriophila Val. (Rubiaceae), Bot. Gaz. 131:193–200.
Williams, L. F., and Lynch, D. L., 1954, Inheritance of a non-nodulating character in the soybean, Agron. J. 46:28–29.
Wrather, J. A., Kuc, J., and Williams, E. B., 1973, Protection of apple and pear fruit against fireblight with nonpathogenic bacteria, Phytopathology 63:1075–1076.
Yao, P. Y., and Vincent, J. M., 1969, Host specificity in the root hair “curling factor” of Rhizobium spp., Aust. J.Biol. Sci. 22:413–423.
Yao, P. Y., and Vincent, J. M., 1976, Factors responsible for the curling and branching of clover root hairs by Rhizobium, Plant Soil 45:1–16.
Zeyen, R. J., and Bushnell, W. R., 1981, An in-block, light microscope viewing procedure for botanical materials in plastic embedments; with emphasis on location and selection of host cell-microbe encounter sites, Can. J.Bot. 59:397–402.
Zurkowski, W., 1980, Specific adsorption of bacteria to clover root hairs, related to the presence of the plasmid pWZ2 in cells of Rhizobium trifolii, Microbios 27:27–32.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pueppke, S.G., Kluepfel, D.A. (1985). Responses of Plant Cells to Adsorbed Bacteria. In: Savage, D.C., Fletcher, M. (eds) Bacterial Adhesion. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6514-7_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6514-7_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-6516-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6514-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive