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The Place of Individual Differences in a Scientific Psychology

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Annals of Theoretical Psychology

Abstract

This paper argues that scientific psychology must take into account both general laws, established by means of the methods of experimental psychology, and individual variability, usually assessed by means of psychometric procedures. It is suggested that both experimentalists and psychometrists lose out by disregarding the important contributions made by the other side. Many examples are given to show that this collaboration is not only desirable, but indeed mandatory; in many cases it is impossible to arrive at any reasonable and replicable results without it. Individual differences are built into the very substance of psychological research; if this is concerned with the behavior of organisms, then individual differences between organisms are vitally important in arriving at any valid conclusions about their behavior, and no general laws are conceivable which do not include personality as one item in the functional equation. This realization was already very clearly apparent in the early work of Wundt, Kraepelin, Müller, Pavlov, and others; it has become lost in the behaviorist attempt to account for all human behavior in terms of a simple S-R formulation which is universally agreed to have failed, but which still exerts an influence by persuading experimentalists that individual differences are unimportant. It is the purpose of this paper to persuade them that this view of scientific psychology is wrong and that only by collaboration with those interested in individual differences can the experimentalist approach truth more closely, just as the psychologist interested in individual differences can only formulate laws in terms of the concepts worked out by experimentalists.

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  1. Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, England

    H. J. Eysenck

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  1. Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    Joseph R. Royce  & Leendert P. Mos  & 

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Eysenck, H.J. (1984). The Place of Individual Differences in a Scientific Psychology. In: Royce, J.R., Mos, L.P. (eds) Annals of Theoretical Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6450-8_15

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