Abstract
The phenomenon of labour migration is not something new. Such migration waves have already occurred in the early 19th century, from the mid-19th century till the early 1890s, and in the aftermath of World War II.1 Much of the early waves, however, were of a permanent kind with very little return migration. With regard to temporary migration, as late as 1971 there were barely enough outflows of migrant workers to establish a new wave — at that time there were only 5,400 recorded worker flows from Asia of which 3,500 were from Pakistan and 1,900 from the Philippines.
The author is a Professor at the School of Economics, University of the Philippines.
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References
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Massey, D. (1988), ‘Economic Development and International Migration in Comparative Perspective’, Population and Development Review, vol. 14, no. 3.
Mundell, R. (1957). ‘International Trade and Factor Mobility’, American Economic Review (47), pp. 321–335.
Scalibrini Migration Center (1992), Statistics on Labor Migration in Asia.
Tan, E. and D. Canlas (1989), ‘Migrants’ Savings, Remittance and Labor: The Philippine Case’, in Amjad (1989).
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (1994), Country Human Development Indicators, UNDP, New York.
Vasuprasant, P. (1994), ‘Turning-Points in International Labor Migration: A Case Study of Thailand’, Asia and Pacific Migration Journal, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 175–202.
Yukawa, J. (1994). ‘Asian Migration in the Media’, Asian Migrant, October–December, pp. 121–130.
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Alburo, F.A. (1998). Exporting goods or labour: experiences of East, South and South-East Asia. In: Memedovic, O., Kuyvenhoven, A., Molle, W.T.M. (eds) Globalization of Labour Markets. Ettore Majorana International Science Series, vol 13. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6229-0_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6229-0_8
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