Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Conservation Status of the World’s Fish Fauna: An Overview

  • Chapter
Conservation Biology

Abstract

In the five years since we first reviewed the status of the world’s fishes (Moyle and Leidy 1992), there has been an explosion of new information on the conservation of aquatic organisms and their ecosystems. Notwithstanding this surge of interest, many aquatic ecosystems remain poorly understood because conservation biology remains primarily focused on the loss of biotic diversity in terrestrial environments. Loss of diversity in aquatic environments has received comparatively little attention, even though the physical, chemical, and biological degradation of aquatic environments is widely recognized as a major problem, usually in the context of the spread of human disease, loss of fisheries, or degraded water quality for drinking, irrigation, or recreation. Yet aquatic habitats support an extraordinary array of species, many of which are being lost as their habitats deteriorate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literature Cited

  • Abramovitz, J.N. 1996. Imperiled waters, impoverished future: The decline of freshwater ecosystems. Worldwatch paper 128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Almaca, C. 1995. Freshwater fish and their conservation in Portugal. In Conservation of endangered freshwater fish in Europe, eds. A. Kirchofer and D. Helti, 125–127. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angel, M.V. 1993. Biodiversity of the pelagic ocean. Conservation Biology 7:760–772.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anon. 1991. Elasmobranch conservation: the establishment of the IUCN shark specialist group. Aquatic Conservation 1:193–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ariyoshi, R. 1997. Halting a coral catastrophe. Nature Conservancy. January/February: 20-25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arthington, A.H. 1991. Ecological and genetic impacts of introduced and translocated freshwater fishes in Australia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48:33–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arthington, A.H. and L.N. Lloyd. 1989. Introduced poeciliids in Australia and New Zealand. In Evolution of livebearing fishes (Poeciliidae), ed. G.K. Meffee and F.F. Snelson. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balik, S. 1995. Freshwater fish in Anatolia, Turkey. Biological Conservation 72:213–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, W.A. and P.B. Moyle. 1996. Where have all the fishes gone? Interactive factors producing fish declines in the Sacramento-San Jooaquin estuary. In San Francisco Bay: the ecosystem, ed. J.T. Hollibaugh, 519–541. San Francisco: American Association for the Advancement of Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berra, T.M. 1981. An atlas of distribution of the freshwater fish families of the world. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bianco, P.G. 1982. Hybridization between Alburnus albidus (C.) and Leuciscus cephalus cabeda R. in Italy. Journal of Fish Biology 21:593–603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bianco, P.G. 1990. Vanishing freshwater fishes in Italy. Journal of Fish Biology 37(Supplement A):235–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bianco, P.G. 1995. Mediterranean endemic freshwater fishes of Italy. Biological Conservation 72:159–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birstein, V.J. 1993. Sturgeons and paddlefishes: threatened fishes in need of conservation. Conservation Biology 7:773–787.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blanco, J.C. and J.L. Gonzalez. 1992. Libro rojo de los vertebrados de Espana. Madrid: Coleccion Tecnica, ICONA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bootsma, H.A. and R.E. Hecky. 1993. Conservation of the African Great Lakes: A limnological perspective. Conservation Biology 7:644–656.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, L.R., P.B. Moyle and R.M. Yoshiyama. 1994. Historical decline and current status of coho salmon in California. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 14:237–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruton, M.N. 1995. Threatened fishes of the world: Latimeria chalumanae Smith 1939 (Latimeriidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 43:104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Callicott, J.B. 1994. Conservation values and ethics. In Principles of Conservation Biology, eds. G.K. Meffe and C.R. Carroll, 24–49. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camhi, M. 1995. Industrial fisheries threaten ecological integrity of the Galapagos Islands. Conservation Biology 9:715–724.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlton, J.T. 1985. Transoceanic and interoceanic dispersal of coastal marine organisms: The biology of ballast water. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review 23:313–371.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlton, J.T. 1987. Patterns of transoceanic marine biological invasions in the Pacific Ocean. Bulletin of Marine Science 41:452–465.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlton, J.T. and J. Geller. 1993. Ecological roulette: The global transport and invasion of nonindigenous marine organisms. Science 261:239–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, S.R., and J.F. Kitchell. 1988. Consumer control of lake productivity. BioScience 38:764–769.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Changeux, T. and D. Pont. 1995. Current status of the riverine fishes of the French Mediterranean basin. Biological Conservation 72:137–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chereshnev, I.A. and M.B. Skopets. 1990. Salvethymus svetovidovi gen. et sp. nova—a new endemic fish of the subfamily Salmoninae from Lake El’gygytgyn (Central Chukotka). Journal of Ichthyology 30:87–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cisneros-Mata, M.A., G. Montemayor-Lopez, and MJ. Roman-Rodriguez. 1995. Life history of Totoaba macdonaldi. Conservation Biology 9:806–814.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, A.N. and J.T. Carlton. 1995. Nonindigenous aquatic species in a United States estuary: a case study of the biological invasions of the San Francisco Bay and Delta. A report for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. and the National Sea Grant College Program, Connecticut Sea Grant.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, A.S., R. Bills, C.Z. Cocquyt, and A.G. Caljon. 1993. The impact of sediment pollution on biodiversity in Lake Tanganyika. Conservation Biology 7:667–677.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crivelli, AJ. 1995. Are fish introductions a threat to endemic freshwater fishes in the northern Mediterranean region? Biological Conservation 72:311–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crivelli, AJ. and P. S. Maitland. 1995. Special issue: Endemic freshwater fishes of the Northern Mediterranean region. Biological Conservation 72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crivelli, A.J. 1996. The freshwater fish endemic to the northern Mediterranean region: an action plan for their conservation. Aries: Tour du Valet Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daget, J., J.P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels, and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde. 1991. Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa.Volumne IV. ISBN-MRAC-ORSTOM.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dayton, P.K., S.F. Thrush, M. Tundi Agardy, and RJ. Hofman. 1995. Environmental effects of marine fishing. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 5:205–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deacon, J.E., G. Kobetich, J.D. Williams, S. Contreras, et al. 1979. Fishes of North America endangered, threatened, or of special concern: 1979. Fisheries 4:30–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Debus, L. 1996. The decline of the European sturgeon Acipenser sturio in the Baltic and NorthSea. In Conservation of endangered freshwater fish in Europe, eds. A. Kirchofer and D. Helti, 147–156. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Dynesius, M. and C. Nilsson. 1994. Fragmentation and flow regulation of river systems in the northern third of the world. Science 266:753–762.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ecological Society of America. 1996. The report of the Ecological Society of America Committee on the Scientific Basis for Ecosystem Management. Ecological Applications 6:665–691.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Economidis, P.S. 1995. Endangered freshwater fishes of Greece. Biological Conservation 72:201–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Economidis, P.S. and P.J. Miller. 1990. Freshwater gobies from Greece (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Journal Zoology of London 221:125–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elvira, B. 1990. Iberian endemic freshwater fishes and their conservation status. Journal of Fish Biology 37(Supplement A):231–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elvira, B. 1995a. Conservation status of endemic freshwater fish in Spain. Biological Conservation 72:129–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elvira, B. 1995b. Native and exotic freshwater fishes in Spanish river basins. Freshwater Biology 33:103–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elvira, B. 1996. Endangered freshwater fish of Spain. In Conservation of endangered freshwater fish in Europe, eds. A. Kirchofer and D. Helti, 55–61. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Engelman, R. and P. LeRoy. 1993. Sustaining water: population and the future of renewable water supplies. Population Action International, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Espinosa-Perez, H., P. Fuentes-Mata, M.T. Gaspar-Dillanes, and V. Arenas. 1993. Notes on Mexican ichthyofauna. In Biological diversity of Mexico: origins and distribution, eds. R. Bye, A. Lot, and J. Fa, 229–251. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flanagan, C.A. and J.R. Hendrikson. 1976. Observations on the commercial fishery and reproductive biology of the totoaba, Cynoscion macdonaldi, in the northern Gulf of California. Fishery Bulletin 74:531–544.

    Google Scholar 

  • Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1995. The state of the world fisheries and aquaculture. FAO, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1993. Global fish and shellfish production in 1993. FAO Fisheries Department, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, M.S. and D.R. Schiel. 1985. The ecology of giant kelp forests in California: a community profile. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 85(7.2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, S. 1996. Shark specialist group. Species 26–27:88–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldschmidt, T., F. Witte, and J. Wanink. 1993. Cascading effects of the introduced Nile perch on the detritivorous/phytoplanktivorous species in the sublittoral areas of Lake Victoria. Conservation Biology 7:686–700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gore, J.A. and F.D. Shields. 1995. Can large rivers be restored? BioScience 45:142–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goulding, M. 1980. The fishes and the forest. Explorations in Amazonian natural history. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grall, G. 1995. Cuatro Cienegas, Mexico’s desert aquarium. National Geographic 188:84–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grande, L. and W.E. Bemis. 1991. Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of fossil and recent paddlefishes (Polyodontidae) with comments on the interrelationships of Acipenseriformes. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11(suppl. 1):1–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, P.H. 1992. Are the major fish faunas well-known? Netherlands Journal of Zoology 42:131–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamre, J. 1994. Biodiversity and exploitation of the main fish stocks in the Norwegian-Barents ecosystem. Biodiversity and Conservation 3:473–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hedgecock, D., P. Siri, and D.R. Strong. 1994. Conservation biology of endangered Pacific salmonids: introductory remarks. Conservation Biology 8:863–864.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holcik, J. 1996. Vanishing freshwater fish species of Slovakia. In Conservation of endangered freshwater fish in Europe, eds. A. Kirchofer and D. Held, 79–88. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hoenig, J. and S.H. Gruber. 1990. Life history patterns in the elasmobranchs: implications for fisheries management. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Technical Report, National Marine Fisheries Service 90:1–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hori, M., M. Mukwaya Gashagaza, M. Nshombo, and H. Kawanabe. 1993. Littoral fish communities in Lake Tanganyika: Irreplaceable diversity supported by intricate interactions among species. Conservation Biology 79:657–666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, E. and G. Mace. 1996. Marine fish and the IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Report of a workshop held in collaboration with WWF and IUCN at the Zoological Society of London, April 29th-May 1st, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, N.F. 1986. Changes in the feeding biology of the Nile perch, hates niloticus (L.) (Pisces: Centropomidae), in Lake Victoria, East Victoria, East Africa since its introduction in 1960, and its impact on the native fish community of the Nyanza Gulf. Journal of Fish Biology 29:541–548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, T.P. 1994. Catastrophes, phase shifts, and large-scale degradation of a Caribbean coral reef. Science 265:1547–1551.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchings, J.A. and R.A. Myers. 1994. What can be learned from the collapse of a renewable resource: Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, of Newfoundland and Labrador. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51:2126–2146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • International Union for the Conservation of Nature. 1996. Red list of threatened animals. Cambridge: World Conservation Monitoring Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, P. 1992. Australian threatened fishes—1991 supplement. Australian Society of Fisheries Biology 21:20–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, J.E. 1995. Imperiled freshwater fishes. In Our living resources, a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, eds. E.T. LaRoe, G.S. Farris, C.E. Puckett, P.D. Doran, and M.J. Mac, 142–144. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jurajda, P. and M. Penaz. 1996. Endangered fishes of the River Morava (Czech Republic). In Conservation of endangered freshwater fish in Europe, eds. A. Kirchofer and D. Helti, 35–54. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, L. 1992. Catestrophic change in species-rich freshwater ecosystems: The lessons of Lake Victoria. BioScience 42:846–858.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karr, J.R. 1981. Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries 7:2–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keith, P. and J. Allardi. 1996. Endangered freshwater fish: the situation in France. In Conservation of endangered freshwater fish in Europe, eds. A. Kirchofer and D. Helti, 35–54. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Keresztessy, K. 1996. Threatened freshwater fish in Hungary. In Conservation of endangered freshwater fish in Europe, eds. A. Kirchofer and D. Helti, 73–77. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kirne, D.E. 1995. The effects of pollution on reproduction in fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 5:52–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirchhofer, A. 1995. Morphological variability in the ecotone—an important factor for the conservation of fish species in Swiss rivers. Hydrobiologia 303:103–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirchhofer, A. and D. Hefti, eds. 1996. Conservation of endangered freshwater fish in Europe. Basel: Birkhauser.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kornfield, I. and A.A. Echelle. 1984. Who’s tending the flock? In Evolution offish species flocks, eds. A.A. Echelle and I. Kornfield, 251–254. Maine: Orono Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowe-McConnell, R.H. 1993. Fish faunas of the African Great Lakes: origins, diversity, and vulnerability. Conservation Biology 7:634–643.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lusk, S. 1996. The status of the fish fauna in the Czech Republic. In Conservation of endangered freshwater fish in Europe, eds. A. Kirchofer and D. Helti, 89–98. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lydeard, C. and R.L. Mayden. 1995. A diverse and endangered aquatic ecosystem of the southeast United States. Conservation Biology 9:800–805.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyons, J., S. Navarro-Perez, P.A. Cochran, E. Santana C., and M. Guzman-Arroyo. 1995. Index of biotic integrity based on fish assemblages for the conservation of streams and rivers in west-central Mexico. Conservation Biology 9:569–584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maitland, P.S. and A.A. Lyle. 1991. Conservation of freshwater fish in the British Isles: the status and biology of threatened species. Aquatic conservation, marine and freshwater ecosystems 1:25–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maitland, P.S. and A.A. Lyle. 1996. Threatened freshwater fishes of Great Britain. In Conservation of endangered freshwater fish in Europe, eds. A. Kirchofer and D. Helti, 9–21. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Manire, C.A. and S.H. Gruber. 1990. Many sharks may be headed toward extinction. Conservation Biology 4:10–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maric, D. 1995. Endemic fish species of Montenegro. Biological Conservation 72:187–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayden, R.L., B.M. Burr, L.M. Page, and R.R. Miller. 1992. The native freshwater fishes of North America. In Systematics, historical ecology, and North American freshwater fishes, ed. R.L. Mayden, 827–863. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKaye, K.R., J.D. Ryan, J.R. Stauffer, Jr., LJ. Lopez Perez, G.I. Vega, and E.P. Van den Berghe. 1995. African tilapia in Lake Nicaragua. BioScience 45:406–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Micklin, P.P. 1988. Dessication of the Aral Sea: A water management diaster in the Soviet Union. Science 241:1170–1176.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R.R. 1986. Composition and derivation of the freshwater fish fauna of Mexico. Anales de la Escuela nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Mexico, Distrito Federal 30:121–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R.R., J.D. Williams, and J.E. Williams. 1989. Extinctions of North American fishes during the past century. Fisheries 14:22–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minckley, W.L. and J.E. Deacon. 1991. Battle against extinction: Native fish management in the American west. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minckley, W.L., D.A. Hendrickson, and C.E. Bond. 1986. Geography of western North American freshwater fishes: Description and relationships to intercontinental tectonism. In The zoogeography of North American freshwater fishes, eds. C.H. Hocutt, and E.O. Wiley, 519–614. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moyle, P.B. 1995. Conservation of native freshwater fishes in the Mediterranean-type climate of California, USA: A review. Biological Conservation 72:271–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moyle, P.B. 1994. The decline of anadromous fishes in California. Conservation Biology 8:869–870.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moyle, P.B. and JJ. Cech. 1996. Fishes: An introduction to ichthyology. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moyle, P.B., B. Herbold, D.E. Stevens, and L.W. Miller. 1992. Life history and status of delta smelt in the Sacramento-S an Joaquin Estuary, California. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 121:67–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moyle, P.B. and R.A. Leidy. 1992. Loss of biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems: Evidence from fish faunas. In Conservation biology: the theory and practice of nature conservation, preservation, and management, eds. P.L. Fiedler and S.K. Jain, 127–170. New York: Chapman & Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moyle, P.B. and P.R. Moyle. 1995. Endangered fishes and economics: Intergenerational obligations. Environmental Biology of Fishes 43:29–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moyle, P.B. and PJ. Randall. 1996. Biotic integrity of watersheds. In Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project: final report to Congress. Vol. 2. Assessments and scientific basis for management options, 975–985. University of California, Davis: Centers for Water and Wildland Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moyle, P.B. and R.M. Yoshiyama. 1994. Protection of aquatic biodiversity in California: A fivetiered approached. Fisheries 19:6–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moyle, P.B., R.M. Yoshiyama, E. Wikramanayake, and J.E. Williams. 1995. Fish species of special concern in California. Sacramento: California Department of Fish and Game.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moyle, P.B. and J.E. Williams. 1990. Biodiversity loss in the temperate zone: Decline of the native fish fauna of California. Conservation Biology 4:275–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mrakovcic, M., S. Misetic, and M. Povz. 1995. Status of freshwater fish in Croation Adriatic river systems. Biological Conservation 72:179–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naiman, R.J. 1992. Watershed management. New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Naiman, R.J., J.J. Magnuson, D.M. Knight, and J.A. Stanford. 1995a. The freshwater imperative: A research agenda. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naiman, R.J., J.J. Magnuson, D.M. McKnight, J.A. Stanford, and J.R. Karr. 1995b. Freshwater ecosystems and their management: A national initiative. Science 270:584–585.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council. 1996. Upstream: Salmon and society in the Pacific Northwest. Washington, D.C.: NRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nehlsen, W. 1994. Salmon stocks at risk: Beyond 214. Conservation Biology: 867–869.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nehlsen, W., J.E. Williams, and J.A. Lichatowich. 1991. Pacific salmon at the crossroads: Stocks at risk from California, Oregon, Idaho, and Washington. Fisheries:4–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, J.S. 1994. Fishes of the World. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogutu-Ohwayo, R. 1993. The effects of predation by Nile perch, Lates niloticus L., on the fish of Lake Nabugabo, with suggestions for conservation of endangered endemic cichlids. Conservation Biology 7:701–711.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogutu-Ohwayo, R. 1990. The decline of the native species of Lakes Victoria and Kyoga (E. Africa) and the impact of introduced species, especially the Nile perch, hates niloticus, and the Nile tilapia, Oreachromis niloticus. Environmental Biology of Fishes 27:81–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, C.H., B.J. Shuter, and C.K. Minns. 1995. Toward a definition of conservation principles for fisheries management. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52:1584–1594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, R.B., R. Crossley, T.C. Johnson, D. Tweddle, I. Kornfield, S. Davidson, D.H. Eccles, and D.E. Engstrom. 1990. Major low levels of Lake Malawi and their implications for speciation rates in cichlid fishes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of hondon Biologists 240:519–553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parenti, L.R. 1984. A taxonomic revision of the Andean killifish genus Orestias (Cyprinodontiformes, Cyprinodontidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 178:107–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pethiyagoda, R. 1991. Freshwater fishes of Sri hanka. Colombo: Wildlife Heritage Trust.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petts, G.E. 1984. Impounded rivers: Perspectives for ecological management. United Kingdom: John Wiley and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollard, D.A., B.A. Ingram, J.H. Harris, and L.F. Reynolds. 1990. Threatened fishes in Australia-an overview. Journal of Fish Biology 37(Supplement):67–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Postel, S. 1996. Dividing the waters: Food security, ecosystem health and the new politics of scarcity. Worldwatch paper 132. Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Postel, S.L., G.C. Dailey, and P.R. Ehrlich. 1996. Human appropriation of renewable fresh water. Science 271:785–788.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Power, M.E. 1990. Effects of fish in river food webs. Science 250:811–814.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Power, M.E. 1992. Habitat heterogeneity and the functional significance of fish in river food webs. Ecology 73:1675–1688.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Povz, M. 1995. Status of freshwater fishes in the Adriatic catchment of Slovenia. Biological Conservation 72:171–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Povz, M. 1996. The red data list of freshwater lampreys (Cyclostomata) and fishes (Pisces) of Slovenia. In Conservation of endangered freshwater fish in Europe, eds. A. Kirchhofer and D. Hefti, 63–72. Basel, Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quigley, D.T.G. and K. Flannery. 1996. Endangered freshwater fish in Ireland. In Conservation of endangered freshwater fish in Europe, eds. A. Kirchofer and D. Helti, 27–34. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rakaj, N. and A. Flloko. 1995. Conservation status of freshwater fish of Albania. Biological Conservation 72:195–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinthal, P. 1993. Evaluating biodiversity and conserving Lake Malawi’s cichlid fish fauna. Conservation Biology 7:712–718.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinthal, P.N. and M.L.J. Stiassny. 1991. The freshwater fishes of Madagascar: A study of an endangered fauna with recommendations for a conservation strategy. Conservation Biology 5:231–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rinne, J.N., W. Ivantsoff, L.E.M. Crowley, and J. Lobon-Cervia. 1995. Conservation of desert fishes: Spain, Australia, and the United States. In Biodiversity in managed landscapes, 377–400. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, CM. 1995a. Rapid build-up of fish biomass in a Caribbean marine reserve. Conservation Biology 9:815–826.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, CM. 1995b. Effects of fishing on the ecosystem structure of coral reefs. Conservation Biology 9:988–995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruhle, C 1996. Decline and conservation of migrating brown trout (Salmo trutta f. lacustris L.) of Lake Constance. In Conservation of endangered freshwater fish in Europe, eds. A. Kirchofer and D. Helti, 203–211. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Senanayake, F.R. and P.B. Moyle. 1982. Conservation of the freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. Biological Conservation 22:181–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shuman, J.R. 1995. Environmental considerations for assessing dam removal alternatives for river restoration. In Regulated rivers: Research and management, Vol.2, 249–261. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skelton, P.H. 1990. The conservation and status of threatened fishes in southern Africa. Journal of Fish Biology 37(Supplement): 87–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stiassny, M.L.J. 1996. An overview of freshwater biodiversity: With some lessons from African fishes. Fisheries 21:7–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stiassny, M.L.J. and N. Raminosoa. 1994. The fishes of the inland waters of Madagascar, biological diversity in African fresh-and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews. Annual Mus. r. Afr. Cent. Zool. 275:133–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suchanek, T.H. 1994. Temperate coastal marine communities: Biodiversity and threats. American Zoologist 34:100–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweetman, K.E., P.S. Maitland, and A.A. Lyle. 1996. Scottish natural heritage and fish conservation in Scotland. In Conservation of endangered freshwater fish in Europe, eds. A. Kirchofer and D. Helti, 23–26. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Population Fund. 1995. The state of world population 1995. New York: United Nations Population Fund.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vas, P. 1995. The status and conservation of sharks in Britain. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 5:67–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vincent, A.CJ. and HJ. Hall. 1996. The threatened status of marine fishes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11:360–361.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wager, R. and P. Jackson. 1993. The action plan for freshwater fishes. Brisbane: Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Endangered Species Program.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, S.J., N.M. Burkhead, and J.D. Williams. 1995. Southeastern freshwater fishes. In Our living resources, a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U. S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, eds. E.T. LaRoe, G.S. Farris, C.E. Puckett, P.D. Doran, and MJ. Mac, 144–147. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waples, R.S. 1995. Evolutionary significant units and the conservation of biological diversitry under the endangered species act. In Evolution and the aquatic ecosystem: defining units in population conservation, ed. J.F. Nielsen, 8–27. Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warren, M.L., Jr. and B.M. Burr. 1994. Status of freshwater fishes of the United States: an overview of an imperiled fauna. Fisheries 19:6–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wikramanayake, E.D. 1990. Conservation of endemic rain forest fishes of Sri Lanka: Results of a translocation experiment. Conservation Biology 4:32–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J.E. and R.R. Miller. 1990. Conservation status of the North American fish fauna in freshwater. Journal of Fish Biology 37:79–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J.E., M.L. Warren, Jr., K.S. Cummings, J.L. Harris, and RJ. Meves. 1993. Conservation status of freshwater mussels of the United States and Canada. Fisheries 18:6–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J.E., J.E. Johnson. D.A. Hendrikson, S. Contreras-Baideras, J.D. Williams, M. Navarro-Mendoza, D.E. McAllister, and J.E. Deacon. 1989. Fishes of North America endangered, threatened, or of special concern: 1989. Fisheries 14:2–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J.E., D.B. Bowman, J.E. Brooks, A.A. Echelle, R.J. Edwards, D.A. Hendrickson, and J.J. Landye. 1985. Endangered aquatic ecosystems in North American deserts with a list of vanishing fishes of the region. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 20:1–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willson, M.F. and K.C. Halupka. 1995. Anadromous fish as keystone species in vertebrate communities. Conservation Biology 9:489–497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winfield, I.J., J.M. Fletcher, and D. Cragg-Hine. 1994. Status of rare fish: A literature review of freshwater fish in the UK, R&D Report 18. Bristol, UK: Institute of Freshwater Ecology, National Rivers Authority.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witte, F., T. Goldschmidt, P.C. Goudswaard, W. LigtVoet, M.J.P. Van Oijen, and J.H. Wanink. 1992a. Species extinction and concomitant ecological changes in Lake Victoria. Netherlands Journal of Zoology 42:214–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Witte, F., T. Goldschmidt, J. Wanink, M. van Oijen, K. Goudswaard, E. Witte-Maas, and N. Bouton. 1992b. The destruction of an endemic species flock: Quantitative data on the decline of the haplochromine cichlids of Lake Victoria. Environmental Biology of Fishes 34:1–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Resources Institute. 1994. World resouces. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Resources Institute, United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations Development Programme, and World Bank. 1996. World resources. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Robert A. Leidy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peter B. Moyle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, 94132, USA

    Peggy L. Fiedler

  2. Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA

    Peter M. Kareiva

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Leidy, R.A., Moyle, P.B. (1998). Conservation Status of the World’s Fish Fauna: An Overview. In: Fiedler, P.L., Kareiva, P.M. (eds) Conservation Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6051-7_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6051-7_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-412-09661-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6051-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation