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Parasites and Pathogens pp 37–56Cite as

The Life History and Development of Polyembryonic Parasitoids

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Abstract

Of increasing interest in biology is understanding how evolutionary processes act on development to generate variation in morphology, reproduction, and adaptive radiation of new species (Buss, 1987; Barinaga, 1994). Some of the most extraordinary examples of speciation are found among parasites where specialization in large measure reflects adaptations for life within another organism, the host. A recurring theme in parasite life history is that host patches are often ephemeral and the probability of locating and successfully colonizing patches is low (Price, 1980). Parasites that locate hosts may also not encounter another conspecific during their reproductive life. From a developmental perspective these circumstances will favor characteristics that promote rapid exploitation of the host before it becomes unsuitable. They also will favor modes of reproduction that facilitate location of mates or that eliminate the need for mating. These could include mating between siblings before dispersal, parthenogenesis, hermaphroditic development, or clonal propagation.

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Authors
  1. Michael R. Strand
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  2. Miodrag Grbic’
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, 92521, CA, USA

    Nancy E. Beckage

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Strand, M.R., Grbic’, M. (1997). The Life History and Development of Polyembryonic Parasitoids. In: Beckage, N.E. (eds) Parasites and Pathogens. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5983-2_2

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