Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 427))

Abstract

Hypertension is the most prevalent cardiovascular disorder in the United States. As many as 50 million people in this country have had elevated blood pressure diagnosed.1–3 Elevated blood pressure has been linked to an increased incidence of stroke and coronary heart disease.4,5 Treatment of elevated blood pressure decreases the associated mortality and morbidity, and control of hypertension has contributed substantially to a 57% decline in mortality from stroke and 50% in that from coronary heart disease from 1972 to 1990.1 A reduction in average population diastolic blood pressure of 5 mmHg would be expected to reduce the incidence of stroke by about one-third, resulting in the prevention of 100,000 strokes in the U.S. each year.6

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Sutherland J, Castle C, Friedman R: Hypertension: Current management strategies. J Am Board Fam Pract 1994;7:202–217.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Zachariah PK: Hypertension-an overview. Mayo Clin Proc 1989;64:1403–1405.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kaplan NM: Clinical Hypertension, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins; 1990

    Google Scholar 

  4. MRFIT Research Group: Mortality rates after 10.5 years for participants in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. JAMA 1990;263:1795–1801.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. SHEP Cooperative Research Group: Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA 1991;265:3255–3263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. MacMahon S: Blood pressure reduction and the prevention of stroke. J Hypertens 1991;9:S7–S10.(Abstract)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Saks FM, Rosner B, Kass EH: Blood pressure in vegetarians. Am J Epidemiol 1974;100:390–398.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Anholm AC: The relationship of a vegetarian diet to blood pressure. Prey Med 1975;4:35

    Google Scholar 

  9. Armstrong B, Van Merwyk AJ, Coates H: Blood pressure in Seventh-Day Adventist vegetarians. Am J Epidemiol 1987;105:444–449.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Welborn TA, Breckinridge A, Rubinstein AH, Dollery CT, Fraser TR: Serum-insulin in essential hypertension and in peripheral vascular disease. Lancet 1966;1:336–337.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Sowers JR, Standley PR. Ram JL, Zemel MB, Resnick LM: Insulin resistance, carbohydrate metabolism, and hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1991;4:4665–4725.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Reaven GM: Abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism in patients with hypertension. Relationship to obesity. Ann Epidemiol 1991;1:305–311.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Crapo PA, Reaven G, Olevsky J: Post-prandial plasma-glucose and insulin responses to different complex carbohydrates. Diabetes 1977;26:1178–1183.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Nishimune T, Yakushiji T, Sumimoto T, et al: Glycemic response and fiber content of some foods. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;54:414–419.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Leeds, et al. Dietary fibers, fibre analogues and glucose tolerance: importance of viscosity. Br Med J 1978;1:1392–1394.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Edwards CA, Blackburn NA, Craigen L, et al. Viscosity of food gums determined in vitro related to their hypoglycemic actions. Am J Clin Nutr 1987;46:72–77.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Lichtenstein MJ, Burr ML, Fehily AM, Yarnell JW: Heart rate, employment status, and prevalent ischemic heart disease confound relation between cereal fiber intake and blood pressure. J Epidemiol Community Health 1986;40:330–333.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Elliott P, Fehily AM, Sweetnam PM, Yarnell JW: Diet, alcohol, body mass, and social factors in relation to blood pressure: the Caerphilly Heart Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 1987;41:37–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hallfrisch J, Tobin JD, Muller DC, Andres R: Fiber intake, age, and other coronary risk factors in men of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study (1959–1975). J Gerontol 1988;43:M64–M68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Giovannucci EL, et al: A prospective study of nutritional factors and hypertension among US men. Circulation 1992;86:1475–1484.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ascherio A, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, McKinlay J: Nutrient intakes and blood pressure in normotensive males. lnt J Epidemiol 1991;20:886–891.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Witteman JC, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, et al: A prospective study of nutritional factors and hypertension among US women. Circulation 1989;80:1320–1327.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. He J, Klag MJ, Whelton PK, et al: Oats and buckwheat intakes and cardiovascular disease risk factors in an ethnic minority of China. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:366–372.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Wright A, Burstyn PG, Gibney MJ: Dietary fiber and blood pressure. Br Med J 1979;2:1541–1543.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Singh RB, Rastogi SS, Singh NK, Ghosh S, Gnipta S, Niaz MA: Can guava fruit intake decrease blood pressure and blood lipids? J Hum Hyperiens 1993;7:33–38.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Schlamowitz P, Halber T, Warnoe O, Wistrup F, Ryttig K: Treatment of mild to moderate hypertension with dietary fiber. Lancet 1987;2:622–623.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Eliasson K, Ryttig KR, Hylander B, Rossner S: A dietary fiber supplement in the treatment of mild hypertension. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Hypertens 1992;10:195–199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Anderson JW: Plant fiber and blood pressure. Ann Intern Med 1983;98:842–846.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Dodson PM, Beevers M, Fletcher RF, Pacy PJ, Taylor KG: The effects of a high fiber, low fat and low sodium dietary regime on diabetic hypertensive patients of different ethnic groups. Postgrad wed J 1983;59:641–644.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Dodson PM, Pacy PJ, Bal P, Kubicki AJ, Fletcher RF, Taylor KG: A controlled trial of high fiber, low fat and low sodium diet for mild hypertension in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Diahetologia 1984;27:522–526.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Dodson PM, Pacy PJ, Cox EV: Long-term follow-up of the treatment of essential hypertension with a high-fiber, low fat, and low-sodium dietary regimen. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 1985;39С:213–220.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Margetts BM, Beilin LJ, Vandongen R, Armstrong BK: A randomized controlled trial of the effect of dietary fiber on blood pressure. Clin Sci 1987;72:343–350.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Rossner S, Anderson IL, Ryttih K: Effects of a dietary fiber supplement to a weight reduction programme on blood pressure: Arandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Acta Med Sсппd 1988;223:353–357.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Sciarrone SEG, Beilin LI, Rouse IL, Rogers PB: A factorial study of salt restriction and a low-fat/high fiber diet in hypertensive subjects. J Hvpertens 1992;10:287–298.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Rouse IL, Beilin LJ, Armstrong BK, Vandongen R: Blood pressure-lowering effect of a vegetarian diet: controlled trial in normotensive subjects. Lancet 1983;1:5–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Brussard JH, van Raaij JMA, Stasse-Wolthius M, Katan MB, Hautvast JGAJ: Blood pressure and diet in normotensive volunteers: absence of an effect of dietary fiber, protein, or fat. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34:2023–2029.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Fehily AM, Burr ML, Buland BK, Easthan RD: A randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of a high fiber diet on blood pressure and plasma fibrinogen. J Epidemiol Community Health 1986;40:334–337.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Lindahl O, Lindwall L, Spanber A, Stenram A, Ocerman PA: A vegan regimen with reduced medication in the treatment of hypertension. Br J Nutr 1984;52:11–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Swislocki ALM, Hoffman BB, Reaven GM: insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia in patients with hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1989;2:419–423.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ducimetier P, Eschwege E, Papoz L, Richard JL, Claude JR, Rosselin G: Relationship of plasma insulin levels to the incidence of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease mortality in a middle-age population. Diabetologia 1980;19:205–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Management Committee: The Australian Therapeutic Trial in mild hypertension. Lancet 1980;1:1261–1267.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Leren P, helgeland A, Hjermann I, Holme I: The Oslo Study: CHD risk factors, socioeconomic influences, and intervention. Am Heart J 1983;106:1200–1206.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Multiple Risk Factor intervention Trial Research Group: Multiple risk factor intervention trial: risk factor changes and mortality results. JAMA 1982;248:1465–1477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Krotkiewski M: Effect of guar gum on the arterial blood pressure. Acta Med Scand 1987;22:43–49.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Singer P, Godicke, Voigt S, Hajdu I, Weiss M: Postprandial hyperinsulinemia in patients with mild essential hypertension. Hypertension 1985;7:182–186.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Ferrannini E, Buzzigoli G, Bonadonna R, et al: Insulin resistance in essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1987;317:350–357.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Fuh MMT, Shieh SM, Wu DA, Chen YDI, Reaven GM: Abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, in patients with hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1987;147:1035–1038.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Shen DC, Shieh SM, Fuh MMT, Wu DA, Chen YDI: Resistance to insulin-stimulated-glucose uptake in patients with hypertension. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988;66:580–583.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Manicardi V, Camellini L, Bellodi G, Coscelli C, Ferrannini E: Evidence for an association of high blood pressure and hyperinsulinemia in obese man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986;62:1302–1304.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Sonora E, Zavorotni I, Alppi O, et al: Relationships between blood pressure and plasma insulin in non-obese and obese non-diabetic subjects. Diabetologia 1987;30:719–723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Rocchini AP: Insulin resistance and blood pressure regulation in obese and non-obese subjects, Special lecture. Hypertension 1991;17:837–842.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Moller DE, Flier JS: Insulin resistance-mechanisms, syndromes, and implications. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:938–948.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Fuller JH, Shipley MJ, Rose G, Jarrett RJ, Keen H: Coronary heart disease risk and impaired glucose tolerance: the Whitehall Study. Lancet 1980;1:1371–1376.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Kaplan NM: The Deadly Quartet. Upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Arch Intern Mul1994;236:13–22.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Reaven GM: Syndrome X: 6 years later. J Intern Med 1994;236

    Google Scholar 

  56. Ferrannini E, Haffner S, Stern MP: Essential hypertension: an insulin-resistant state. J Cardiovas Epidendol 1990;15:518–525.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Modan M, Almog S, Fuchs Z, Chetrit A, Lusky A, Halkin H: Obesity, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and response to antihypertensive drugs. Hypertension 1991;17:565–573.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Murphy MB, Lewis PJ, Kohner E, Schumer B, Dollery CT: Glucose intolerance in hypertensive patients treated with diurectics: a fourteen-year follow-up. Lancet 1982;2:1293–1295.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Frishman WH: Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers. Adverse effects and drug interventions. Hypertension 1992;92:1121–1129.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Manolio TA, Savage PJ, Burke GL, et al: Association of fasting insulin with blood pressure and lipids in young adults. The CARDIA Study. Atherosclerosis 1990;10:430–436.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Landsberg L: Insulin and hypertension: lessons from obesity. N Engl J Med 1987;317:378–379.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. DeFronzo RA, Cooke CR, Andres R, Faloona GR, Davis PJ: The effects of insulin on renal handling of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate in man. J Clin Invest 1975;55:845–855.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Baum M: Insulin stimulates volume absorption in the rabbit proximal convoluted tubule. J Clin Invest 1987;79:1101–1109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Stout RW, Bierman E, Ross R: Effect of insulin on the proliferation of cultured primate arterial smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 1975;36:319–327.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Hilton PJ: Cellular sodium transport in essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1986;314:222–229.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Wood PJ, Braaten JT, Scott FW, Riedel D, Poste LM: Comparisons of viscous properties of oat and guar gum and the effects of these and oat bran on glycemic index. J Agric Food Chem 1990;

    Google Scholar 

  67. Braaten JT, Wood PJ, Scott FW, Doreen-Riedel K, Poste LM, Collins MW: Oat gum lowers glucose and insulin after an oral glucose load. Am J Clin Nutr 1991:53:1425–1430.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Fukagawa NK, Anderson JW, Hageman G, Young VR, Minaker KL: High-carbohydrate, high-fiber diets increase peripheral insulin sensitivity in healthy young and old adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1990:52:524–528.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Lovejoy J, DiGirolamo M: Habitual dietary intake and insulin sensitivity in lean and obese adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1992:55:1174–1179.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Hjollund E, Pedersen O, Richelsen B, Beck-Nielsen H, Sorensen NS: Increased insulin binding to adipocytes and monocytes and increased insulin sensitivity of glucose transport and metabolism in adipocytes from non-insulin-dependent diabetics after a low-fat/high-starch/high-feber diet. Metabolism: Clinical & Experimental 1983;32:1067–1075.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Simpson HC, Simpson RW, Lousley S, et al: A high carbohydrate leguminous fibre diet improves all aspects of diabetic control. Lancet 1981;1:1–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Venter CS, Vorster JH, Cummings JH: Effects of dietary propionate on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in healthy volunteers. American journal of Gastroenterology 1990;85:549–553.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Keenan, J.M., Huang, Z., McDonald, A. (1997). Soluble Fiber and Hypertension. In: Kritchevsky, D., Bonfield, C. (eds) Dietary Fiber in Health and Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 427. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5967-2_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5967-2_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7735-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-5967-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics