Abstract
Constant light damage in albino rats has become a useful model for testing the therapeutic potential of survival factors to protect photoreceptors from cell damage and death. Considerable variation occurs among animals in light damage experiments. An additional complication with the light damage model is that less damaged photoreceptors show greater protection by a given survival factor than those that are more severely damaged by light. A method is described that allows for comparison of relatively small numbers of animals and considers variability, relative degree of protection by survival factors and other qualitative measures of damage.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Michon, J.J., Li, Z.L., Shioura, N., Anderson, R.J., and Tso, M.O.M., 1991, A comparative study of methods of photoreceptor morphometry, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 32: 280–284.
LaVail, M.M., and Battelle, B.A., 1975, Influence of eye pigmentation and light deprivation on inherited retinal dystrophy in the rat, Exp. Eye Res. 21: 167–192.
LaVail, M.M., White, M.P., Gorrin, G.M., Porrello, K.V., and Mullen, R.J., 1993, Retinal degeneration in the nervous mutant mouse. I. Light microscopic cytopathology and changes in the interphotoreceptor matrix, J. Comp. Neur. 333: 168–181.
Birch, D., and Jacobs, G.H., 1977, Effects of constant illumination on vision in the albino rat, Physiol. Behav. 19: 255–259.
LaVail, M.M., 1980, Eye pigmentation and constant light damage in the rat retina, in: The Effects of Constant Light on Visual Processes, (T.P. Williams, and B. B. Baker, eds.), pp. 357–387, Plenum Press, New York.
Faktorovich, E.G., Steinberg, R.H., Yasumura, D., Matthes, M.T., and LaVail, M.M., 1992, Basic fibroblast growth factor and local injury protect photoreceptors from light damage in the rat, J. Neurosci. 12: 3554–3567.
Organisciak, D.T., Wang, H.M., Li, Z.Y., and Tso, M.O.M., 1985, The protective effect of ascorbate in retinal light damage of rats, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 26: 1580–1588.
Edward, D.P., Lam, T.T., Shahinfar, S., Li, J., and Tso, M.O.M., 1991, Amelioration of light-induced retinal degeneration by a calcium overload blocker. Flunarizine, Arch. Ophthalmol. 109: 554–562.
LaVail, M.M., Unoki, K., Yasumura, D., Matthes, M.T., Yancopoulos, G.D., and Steinberg, R.H., 1992, Multiple growth factors, cytokines and neurotrophins rescue photoreceptors from the damaging effects of constant light, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 11249–11253.
LaVail, M.M., Matthes, M.T., Yasumura, D., and Steinberg, R.H., 1997, Variability in rate of cone degeneration in the retinal degeneration (rd/rd) mouse, Exp. Eye Res. (In press).
Rapp, L.M., and Williams, T.P., 1980, A parametric study of retinal light damage in albino and pigmented rats, in: The Effects of Constant Light on Visual Processes, (T.P. Williams, and B.N. Baker, eds.), pp. 135–159, Plenum Press, New York.
Kuwabara, T., and Gorn, R.A., 1968, Retinal damage by visible light, Arch. Ophthalmol. 79: 69–78.
Grignolo, A., Orzalesi, N., Castellazzo, R., and Vittone, P., 1969, Retinal damage by visible light in albino rats, Ophthalmologica 157: 43–59.
LaVail, M.M., Gorrin, G.M., Repaci, M.A., and Yasumura, D., 1987, Light-induced retinal degeneration in albino mice and rats: strain and species differences., in: Degenerative Retinal Disorders: Clinical and Laboratory Investigations, (J.G. Hollyfleld, R.E. Anderson, and M.M. LaVail, eds.), pp. 439–454, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York.
LaVail, M.M., Gorrin, G.M., and Repaci, M.A., 1987, Strain differences in sensitivity to light-induced photoreceptor degeneration in albino mice, Curr. Eye Res. 6: 826–834.
O’Steen, W.K., and Donnelly, J.E., 1982, Chronologic analysis of variations in retinal damage in two strains of rats after short-term illumination, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 22: 252–255.
Borges, J.M., Edward, D.P., and Tso, M.O., 1990, A comparative study of photic injury in four inbred strains of albino rats, Curr. Eye Res. 9: 799–803.
Penn, J.S., Naash, M.I., and Anderson, R.E., 1987, Effect of light history on retinal antioxidants and light damage susceptibility in the rat, Exp. Eye Res. 44: 779–788.
Penn, J.S., and Anderson, R.E., 1992, Effects of light history on the rat retina, in: Progress in Retinal Research, (N. Osborne, and G. Chader, eds.), pp. 76–98, Vol. 11, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Wen, R., Cheng, T., Li, Y., Cao, W., and Steinberg, R.H., 1996, Alpha 2-adrenergic agonists induce basic fibroblast growth factor expression in photoreceptors in vivo and ameliorate light damage, J. Neurosci. 16: 5986–5992.
LaVail, M.M., Gorrin, G.M., Repaci, M.A., Thomas, L.A., and Ginsberg, H.M., 1987, Genetic regulation of light damage to photoreceptors, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 28: 1043–1048.
Yasumura, D., Matthes, M.T., Lau, C., Unoki, K., Steinberg, R.H., and LaVail, M.M., 1995, Attempts to rescue photoreceptors with survival factors in mice with inherited retinal degenerations or constant light damage, Invest. Ophthalmol Vis. Sci. 36: S252.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
LaVail, M.M., Matthes, M.T., Yasumura, D., Faktorovich, E.G., Steinberg, R.H. (1997). Histological Method to Assess Photoreceptor Light Damage and Protection by Survival Factors. In: LaVail, M.M., Hollyfield, J.G., Anderson, R.E. (eds) Degenerative Retinal Diseases. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5933-7_41
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5933-7_41
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7718-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-5933-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive