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Signaling Molecules Derived from the Cholesterol Biosynthetic Pathway

  • Chapter
Cholesterol

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 28))

Abstract

The isolation and characterization of many of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of cholesterol represented a major tour de force in the 1950s and 1960s (Mead et al., 1986; Porter and Spurgeon, 1981). These early studies led to the realization that the cyclic cholesterol molecule was derived from a polyisoprenoid, which in turn was shown to be composed of repeating five-carbon branched-chain building blocks derived from isopentenyl diphosphate (Rilling, 1985). The condensation of one or more isopentenyl diphosphate molecules with an allylic isoprenoid diphosphate (e.g., dimethylallyl diphosphate, geranyl diphosphate) is catalyzed by a family of related prenyl transferases that differ in their specificity for the allylic substrate (Edwards et al., 1992; Chen et al., 1994). The resulting linear isoprenoids are intermediates in the synthesis of a number of important compounds, including sterols, dolichols, heme a, steroid hormones, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, bile acids, and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (Figure 1). Isoprenoid moieties, such as farnesyl and geranylgeranyl, are also post-translationally attached to certain proteins to produce prenylated proteins (Figure 1). Such modifications affect the localization and functions of the lipidated proteins. Recent studies indicates that isoprenoid alcohols or acids may also functions as novel signaling molecules.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA

    Simon M. Jackson, Johan Ericsson & Peter A. Edwards

  2. Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA

    Simon M. Jackson, Johan Ericsson & Peter A. Edwards

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  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of The City University of New York, Flushing, New York, 11367-1597, USA

    Robert Bittman

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Jackson, S.M., Ericsson, J., Edwards, P.A. (1997). Signaling Molecules Derived from the Cholesterol Biosynthetic Pathway. In: Bittman, R. (eds) Cholesterol. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 28. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5901-6_1

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