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Autophagy

  • Chapter
Biology of the Lysosome

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 27))

Abstract

Autophagy and autophagocytosis are terms given to a membrane-mediated process in eukaryotic cells in which portions of cytoplasm are sequestered within vacuoles and degraded by acid hydrolases acquired by fusion with lysosomes. Although vacuoles of this type may be formed under pathologic conditions, autophagy is fundamentally a physiological process that plays indispensable roles in cell restructuring and in the ongoing turnover of cellular protein and other macromolecules. Cytoplasmic sequestration is the one step in this pathway that distinguishes autophagy from other degradative processes in the cell. It is relatively nonselective as a volume uptake mechanism (one apparent exception is discussed in Section 3.1.2). Accordingly, most organelles and macromolecules are subject to vacuolar isolation in proportion to their cytoplasmic abundance. Moreover, non-selective uptake permits the simultaneous handling of more than one class of macromolecule. This is illustrated in the perfused rat liver by the striking similarity in the accelerated responses of protein and RNA degradation during amino acid deprivation (see Table I).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA

    Glenn E. Mortimore

  2. Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Università Degli Studi de Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy

    Giovanni Miotto & Rina Venerando

  3. Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan

    Motoni Kadowaki

Authors
  1. Glenn E. Mortimore
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  2. Giovanni Miotto
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  3. Rina Venerando
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  4. Motoni Kadowaki
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    John B. Lloyd  & Robert W. Mason  & 

  2. Nemours Research Programs, Wilmington, Delaware, USA

    John B. Lloyd  & Robert W. Mason  & 

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Mortimore, G.E., Miotto, G., Venerando, R., Kadowaki, M. (1996). Autophagy. In: Lloyd, J.B., Mason, R.W. (eds) Biology of the Lysosome. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 27. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5833-0_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5833-0_4

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