Abstract
There is an increasing determination to reduce congestion and other problems associated with the use of the motor car in cities; partly by encouraging mode shifts. For example, specific targets for increasing the use of public transport by 2020 have been suggested by the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution in the United Kingdom (1994) and the Commission has very recently emphasised the lack of progress so far achieved.
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Smith, M.J., Xiang, Y., Yarrow, R.A., Ghali, M. (1998). Bilevel And Other Modelling Approaches to Urban Traffic Management and Control. In: Marcotte, P., Nguyen, S. (eds) Equilibrium and Advanced Transportation Modelling. Centre for Research on Transportation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5757-9_12
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