Skip to main content
  • 286 Accesses

Abstract

A frequency synthesizer or signal source is expected to provide a pure spectral signal. There should be no unwanted amplitude or frequency/phase modulation in the output spectrum. As we will discuss shortly, undesired phase modulation on the local oscillator in communications receivers, can reduce the channel selectivity and degrade the bit error rate of the receiver. It can also degrade the performance of coherent radars [14].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Rutman, J. “Characterization of Phase and Frequency Instabilities in Precision Frequency Sources: Fifteen Years of Progress”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 66, No. 9,1048–1075 (September 1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ziemer, R.E. and Tranter, W.H., Principles of Communications, Second Edition, Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  3. Manassewitsch, V., Frequency Synthesizers Theory and Design, Third Edition, New York, NY, John Wiley and Sons, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Vannicola, V.C. and Varshney, P.K. “Spectral Dispersion of Modulated Signals Due to Oscillator Phase Instability: White and Random Walk Phase Model”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. COM-31, No. 7, pp. 886–895, July 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Leeson, D.B., “A Simple Model of Feedback Oscillator Noise Spectrum,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 54, pp. 329–330, February 1966.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Scherer, D., “Today’s Lesson-Learn About Low-Noise Design Part I”, Microwaves, pp. 116–122, April 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Blachman, N.M. and Mayerhofer, S. “An Astonishing Reduction in the Bandwidth of Noise”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 63, No. 7, pp. 1077–1078, July 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Stephens, D.R., “Phase Noise of Digital Counters”, PhD. Dissertation, University of Missouri-Rolla, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hewlett Packard Company, Phase Noise Characterization of Microwave Oscillators, Product Note 11729C-2, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hewlett Packard Company, Technical Data for the HP 11729C Carrier Noise Test Set, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Scherer, D. “Design Principles and Measurement of Low Phase Noise RF and Microwave Sources”, Hewlett Packard RF and Microwave Measurement Symposium and Exhibition, Hasbrouck Heights, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Schiebold, C, “Theory and Design of the Delay Line Discriminator for Phase Noise Measurements”, Microwave Journal, pp. 103–112, December 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kroupa, V.F., “Noise Properties of PLL Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. COM-30, pp. 2244–2252, October 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Auterman, J.L., “Phase Stability Requirements for a Bistatic SAR”, 1984 IEEE National Radar Conference, Atlanta, GA.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Warwick, S., “Compact Microwave Synthesizer for a Portable Spectrum Analyzer”, Microwave Journal, pp. 155–159, August 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Razavi, B., “A Study of Phase Noise in CMOS Oscillators”, IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 331–343, March 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Allan, D.W., “Statistics of Atomic Frequency Standards”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 54, pp. 221–230, February 1966.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wiley, R.G., “A Direct Time-Domain Measure of Frequency Stability: The Modified Allan Variance”, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. IM-26, pp. 38–41, March 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Egan, W.F., “Modeling Phase Noise in Frequency Dividers”, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 307–315, July 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Motchenbacher, R.E., Connelly, W.H., Low Noise Electronic System Design, New York, NY: Wiley, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hooge, F.N., “1/f Noise Sources”, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 41, No. 11, pp. 1926–1935, November 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Hajimiri, A., Lee, T.H. “A General Theory of Phase Noise in Electrical Oscillators”, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 179–194, February 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Vig, J.R. Quartz Crystal Resonators and Oscillator for Frequency Control and Timing Applications — A Tutorial, Technical Report SLCET-TR-88-1, US Army Laboratyr Command, Fort Monmouth, NJ, October 1991.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stephens, D.R. (1998). Phase Noise Analysis. In: Phase-Locked Loops for Wireless Communications. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5717-3_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5717-3_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7618-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-5717-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics