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Antithrombin

A Bloody Important Serpin

  • Chapter
Chemistry and Biology of Serpins

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 425))

Abstract

Antithrombin is a major regulator of blood clotting. It is a plasma proteinase inhibitor that inactivates a number of coagulation proteinases, although its physiologically most important target enzymes are Factor Xa and thrombin. The enzymes are inactivated by being trapped in tight, equimolar complexes with the inhibitor. The rates of these reactions are moderate under normal conditions but are greatly accelerated by the sulfated mast-cell glycosaminoglycan, heparin, and certain species of the related cell-surface molecule, heparan sulfate. The latter polysaccharide presumably functions as an activator of antithrombin on the vessel wall. The importance of antithrombin in normal hemostasis is borne out by the tendency of individuals with antithrombin deficiencies to develop venous thromboses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Medical Chemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala Biomedical Center, S-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden

    Ingemar Björk

  2. Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, 60612-7213, USA

    Steven T. Olson

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  1. University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

    Frank C. Church

  2. University of California, Irvine, California, USA

    Dennis D. Cunningham

  3. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    David Ginsburg

  4. Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Maureane Hoffman

  5. Late of Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

    Stuart R. Stone

  6. Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

    Douglas M. Tollefsen

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Björk, I., Olson, S.T. (1997). Antithrombin. In: Church, F.C., Cunningham, D.D., Ginsburg, D., Hoffman, M., Stone, S.R., Tollefsen, D.M. (eds) Chemistry and Biology of Serpins. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 425. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5391-5_3

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