Abstract
I explore several ways that the development of digital television technology can improve price discrimination by program producer/distributors—especially by the movie studios. These include development of video-on-demand systems, improved quantity discounting, and of particular interest, improved segmentation of consumers according to their demands for different levels of television transmission quality. I consider HDTV and DVD as examples of quality segmentation opportunities, and conclude that the result will be more revenues for program distributors and thus increased production investments in movies and other programs
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See A. Michael Noll. Television Technology:Fundamentals and Future Prospects (Artech House, 1988).
For a discussion of HDTV technology, see M Dupagne and Peter S. Seel, “High Definition Television: A Global Perspective, (Iowa State University Press, 1997)
J. Brinkley, “Cable TV in Digital Push to Get in More Channels, New York Times, November, 1997,. P. C1.
Media Dynamics. TV Dimensions, 1996-97, p. 169.
Paul Kagan Associates, Motion Picture Investor, January, 1996.
D. Waterman. Prerecorded Home Video and the Distribution of Theatrical Feature Films, in E. Noam (ed.)., Video Media Competition (Columbia U. Press, 1985); B. Owen and S. Wildman, Video Economics (Harvard U. Press, 1992).
L. Philips, The Economics of Price Discrimination (Cambridge U. Press, 1983).
Exceptions are the Olympics, which have been offered as PPV and free broadcast exhibitions simultaneously, the former with more specialized commentary and without commercials. A form of price discrimination with televised sports is the presentation by sports bars of large screen PPV events at which patrons purchase drinks or other bar services, while others watch on PPV at home.
Paul Kagan Associates, Pay TV Newsletter, January, 1996.
The economics of quality segmentation is developed in M. Mussa and S. Rosen, “Monopoly and Product Quality,” Journal of Economic Theory, 18, (1978), p. 301–317. An exposition of this article and later contributions is in H. Varian, “Price Discrimination,” in R. Schmalensee and R. Willig, Handbook of Industrial Organization, (North Holland, 1989), Ch. 10. Recent extensions appear in S. Rosen and A Rosenfield, Ticket Pricing, Journal of Law and Economics, XL, No. 2, October, 1997, p. 351-376. The model of this paper employs basic assumptions that are consistent with the established theory.
Technically, the necessary assumption is that the high value viewer not only has a higher absolute demand for the high quality product at all prices, but that the high value viewer has a higher marginal demand for quality as well.
Lack of economies of scale in manufacturing and distribution probably contribute to the higher per unit prices of laserdiscs.
Similar phenomena can be found in other industries. For a collection of instances, including others in recorded music, see R. J. Deneckere and R. P. MacAfee, Damaged Goods, Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 5(2); 149–174, 1996.
A 1997 Video Store Magazine survey found that the households with kids under 12 owned an average of 66.4 prerecorded videocassettes, compared to 35.4 for households without kids under 12 (June 15-21, 1997, p. 44.)
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Waterman, D. (1999). Digital Television and Program Pricing. In: Gerbarg, D. (eds) The Economics, Technology and Content of Digital TV. Economics of Science, Technology and Innovation, vol 15. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4971-0_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4971-0_11
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