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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neuronal Plasticity pp 161–180Cite as

Proteins Implicated In Alzheimer Disease

The Role of FE65, a New Adapter which Binds to ß-Amyloid Precursor Protein

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 446))

Abstract

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder which affects several million people in the world. It is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive deficits. In the U.S. alone, the direct and indirect costs of AD are exorbitant, at an estimated 90 billion dollars per year. The etiology and the molecular basis of AD are unknown. The apparent heterogeneity of the molecules implicated in the pathogenesis of AD is consistent with the hypothesis that the disease could be due to independent molecular defects. However, these apparently unrelated molecular lesions seem to exert similar effects because there are three pathological features common to all cases of AD: i) The presence of extracellular senile plaques in the brain, ii) The appearance of neuro-fibrillary tangles in neurons, and ultimately, iii) Massive neuronal loss. To date, the majority of AD research has focused on senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and their principal components: the ß-amyloid peptide (Aß), its precursor protein (ß-APP), and the tau-protein1,2,3,4,5 The repertoire of proteins which play an etiological role in AD increased when linkage studies led to the identification of two genes encoding membrane proteins named pre-senilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2). Mutations of PS1 and PS2 were demonstrated to be responsible for familial forms of AD, which account for at least 10% of all AD cases. In addition, clear genetic evidence indicates that a naturally occurring allele of the apolipo-protein E gene (s4) is associated with a high risk of AD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place New York, New York, New York, 10029-6574, USA

    Kira S. Ermekova & Alex Chang

  2. Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 1-80131, Napoli, Italy

    Nicola Zambrano, Paola de Candia, Tommaso Russo & Marius Sudol

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  1. Kira S. Ermekova
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  2. Alex Chang
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  3. Nicola Zambrano
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  4. Paola de Candia
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  5. Tommaso Russo
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  6. Marius Sudol
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The College of Staten Island of The City University of New York, USA

    Yigal H. Ehrlich

  2. The CSI/IBR Center for Developmental Neuroscience Staten Island, New York, USA

    Yigal H. Ehrlich

  3. The City University Graduate School, New York, New York, USA

    Yigal H. Ehrlich

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Ermekova, K.S., Chang, A., Zambrano, N., de Candia, P., Russo, T., Sudol, M. (1998). Proteins Implicated In Alzheimer Disease. In: Ehrlich, Y.H. (eds) Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neuronal Plasticity. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 446. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4869-0_10

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