Abstract
Processing (including preparation) makes food healthier, safer, tastier and more shelf-stable. While the benefits are numerous, processing can also be detrimental, affecting the nutritional quality of foods. Blanching, for example, results in leaching losses of vitamins and minerals. Also, milling and extrusion can cause the physical removal of minerals during processing. The nutritional quality of minerals in food depends on their quantity as well as their bioavailability. The bioavailability of key minerals such as iron, zinc and calcium is known to be significantly affected by the fiber, phytic acid, and tannin content of foods. Concentrations of these constituents are altered by various processing methods including milling, fermentation, germination (sprouting), extrusion, and thermal processing. Vitamins, especially ascorbic acid, thiamin and folic acid, are highly sensitive to the same processing methods. The time and temperature of processing, product composition and storage are all factors that substantially impact the vitamin status of our foods.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams, C. E.; Erdman, J. W. Effects of home food preparation practices on nutrient content of foods, In Nutritional Evaluation of Food Processing; Karmas, E., Harris, R., Eds.; Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, NY, 1988.
Agrawal, P.; Chitnis, U. Effect of treatments on phytate phosphorus, iron bioavailability, tannins and in vitro protein digestibility of grain sorghum. J. Food Sci. Technol. 1995, 32 (6), 453–458.
Bender, A.E. Food Processing and Nutrition; Academic Press, London, 1978.
Brune, M.; Rossander-Hultén, L.; Hallberg, L.; Gleerup, A.; Sandberg, A. Iron absorption from bread in humans: Inhibiting effects of cereal fiber, phytate and inositol phosphates with different numbers of phosphate groups. J. Nutr. 1992, 122, 442–449.
Burton, H. Reviews of the progress of Dairy Science: The bacteriological, chemical, biochemical, and physical changes that occur in milk at temperatures of 100 to 150°C. J. Dairy Res. 1984, 51, 341–363.
Clemens, R. A. Effects of storage on the bioavailability and chemistry of iron powders in a heat-processed liquid milk-based product. J. Food Sci. 1981, 47, 228–230.
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21; Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.; 182.3798, 1997.
Cook, J. D.; Reddy, M. B.; Burri, J.; Juillerat, M. A.; Hurrell, R. F. The influence of different cereal grains on iron absorption from infant cereal foods. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1997, 65, 964–969.
D’Arcy, R. I.; Watt, I. C. Water vapor sorption isotherms on macromolecular substrates. In Water Activity: Influences on Food Quality; Rockland, L., Stewart, G., Eds.; Academic Press: New York, NY, 1981.
Gahlawat, P.; Sehgal, S. In vitro starch and protein digestibility and iron availability in weaning foods as affected by processing methods. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 1995, 47, 173–179.
Gregory, J. Vitamins. In Food chemistry; Fennema, O. R., Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, 1996.
Hallberg, L.; Rossander, L.; Skanberg, A. B. Phytates and inhibitory effect of bran on iron absorption in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987, 45, 988–996.
Hallberg, L. Bioavailability of dietary iron in man. Ann Rev. Nutr. 1981, 1, 123–146.
Harris, R. S; Von Loescke, H. W., Eds.; Nutritional Evaluation of Food Processing; John Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, 1960.
Harris, R. S. General discussion on stability of nutrients. In Nutritional Evaluation of Food Processing; Harris, R., Karmas, E., Eds.; AVI: Westport, CT, 1975.
Hurrell, R. F. Food manufacturing processes and their influence on the nutritional quality of foods. In Nutritional Impact of Processing; Muller, H.R, Somogyi, J.C., Eds.; Bibl. Nutr. Dieta: Basel, Karger, 1989.
Hurrell, R. F.; Reddy, M. B.; Dassenko, S. A.; Cook, J. A.; Shepherd, D. Ferrous fumarate fortification of a chocolate drink powder. Brit. J. Nutr. 1991, 65, 271–283.
Indumadhavi, M.; Agte, V. Effect of fermentation on ionizable iron in cereal-pulse combinationsInt J. Food Sci. Tech. 1992, 27, 221–228.
Johnson, P. E. Effect of food processing and preparation on mineral utilization. In Nutritional & Toxicological Consequences of Food Processing. Friedman, M., Ed.; Plenum Press: New York, NY, 1991.
Kapanidis, A. N.; Lee, T. Heating cruciferous vegetables increases in vitro dialyzability of intrinsic and extrinsic iron. J. Food Sci. 1995, 60 (1), 128–141.
Karmas, E.; Harris, R., Eds.; Nutritional Evaluation of Food Processing; AVI: Westport, CT, 1975.
Karmas, E.; Harris, R., Eds.; Nutritional Evaluation of Food Processing; Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, NY, 1988.
Khetarpaul, N.; Chauhan, B. M. Effect of germination and pure culture fermentation on HCl-extractability of minerals of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoideum). Int. J. Food. Sci. and Tech. 1989, 24, 327–331.
Lachance, P. A.; Fisher, M. C. Effects of food preparation procedures in nutrient retention with emphasis on food service practices. In Nutritional Evaluation of Food Processing; Karmas, E., Harris, R., Eds.; Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, NY, 1988.
Labuza, T. P Moisture sorption: practical aspects of isotherm measurement and use; The American Association of Cereal Chemists: St. Paul, MN, 1984.
Lane, R. H.; Neggers, Y. B.; Bonner, J. L.; Stitt, K. R. Nutrient quality of selected vegetables prepared by conventional and cook-freeze methods. J. Food Qual. 1986, 9, 407–412.
Larsson, M.; Sandberg, A. S. Phytate reduction in oats during malting. In Bioavailability ’93 — Nutritional, Chemical and Processing Implications of Nutrient Availability: Schlemmer, U., Ed.; Karlsruhe: Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Ernahrung, 1993.
Larsson, M.; Rossander-Hultén, L.; Sandström, B.; Sandberg, A. Improved zinc and iron absorption from breakfast meals containing malted oats with reduced phytate content. Brit. J. Nutr. 1996, 76, 677–688.
Latunde-Dada, G. O. Some physical properties often soy bean varieties and effects of processing on iron levels and availability. Food Chem. 1991, 42, 89–98.
Love, J. A.; Prusa, K. J., Nutrient composition and sensory attributes of cooked ground beef: effects of fat content, cooking method, and water rinsing. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 1992, 92, 1367–1371.
Lyimo, M. H.; Nyagwegwe, S.; Mnkeni, A. R Investigations on the effect of traditional food processing, preservation and storage methods on vegetable nutrients: a case study in Tanzania. Plant Foods for Hum. Nutr. 1991, 41, 53–57.
Machlin, L. J., Ed.; Handbook of Vitamins; Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, 1991.
Mahajan, S.; Chauhan, B.M. Effect of natural fermentation on the extractability of minerals from pearl millet flour. J. Food Sci. 1988, 53 (5), 1576–1577.
Miller, D. In Food Chemistry; Fennema, O. R., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc: New York, NY, 1996.
Moeljopawiro, S.; Fields, M. L.; Gordon, D. D. Bioavailability of zinc in fermented soybeans. J Food Sci. 1988, 53, 1546–1573.
Muller, H. G.; Tobin, G. Nutrition and food processing; AVI: Westport, CT, 1980.
Murphy, E. W.; Criner,; P. E.; Gray, B. C. Comparisons of Methods for calculating retentions of nutrients in cooked foods. J. Agri. Food Chem. 1975, 23, 1153–1157.
Murphy, E. W.; Watt, B. K.; Rizek, R. L. Tables of food composition: availability, uses, and limitations. Food Technology. 1973, 40–51.
Nävert, B.; Sandström, B.; Cederblad. A. Reduction of the phytate content of bran by leavening in bread and its effect on zinc absorption in man. Brit. J. Nutr. 1985, 53, 47–53.
Pinn, A. B. O.; Colli, C.; Mancini-Filho, J. Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) irradiation — I-iron bioavailability. In Bioavailability’93 — Nutritional, Chemical and Processing Implications of Nutrient Availability Schlemmer, U., Ed.; Karlsruhe: Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Ernährung, 1993.
Reddy, M. B.; Hurrell, R. F.; Juillerat, M. A.; Cook, J. D. The influence of different protein sources on phytate inhibition of nonheme-iron absorption in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1996, 63, 203–207.
Sandberg, A. The effect of food processing on phytate hydrolysis and availability of iron and zinc. In Nutritional & Toxicological Consequences of Food Processing; Friedman, M., Ed.; Plenum Press: New York, NY, 1991.
Sandberg, A.; Rossander, H.; Turk, M. Dietary Aspergillus niger phytase increases iron absorption in humans. J. Nutr, 1996, 126, 476–480.
Svanberg, U.; Lorri, W.; Sandberg, A. Lactic fermentation of non-tannin and high-tannin cereals: Effects on in vitro estimation of iron availability and phytate hydrolysis. J. Food Sci. 1993, 58 (2), 408–412.
Stuart, M. A.; Johnson, P. E.; Hamaker, B.; Kirleis, A. Absorption of zinc and iron by rats fed meals containing sorghum food products. J. Cereal Sci. 1987, 6, 81–90.
Tannenbaum, S.R.. Nutritional and Safety Aspects of Food Processing; Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, 1979.
Tuntawiroon, M.; Sritongkul, N.; Rossander-Hultén, L.; Pleehachinda, R.; Suwanik, R.; Brune, M.; Hallberg, L. Rice and iron absorption in man. Eur. J Clin. Nutr. 1990, 44, 489–497.
Ummadi, P.; Chenoweth, W. L.; Uebersax, M. A. The influence of extrusion processing on iron dialyzability, phytates and tannins in legumes. J Food Process and Preserv. 1995, 19, 119–131.
Van Dael, P.; Shen, L. H.; Deelstra, H. Influence of milk processing on the in vitro availability of zinc and selenium from milk. In Bioavailability ’93 — Nutritional, Chemical and Processing Implications of Nutrient Availability; Schlemmer, U., Ed.; Karlsruhe: Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Ernahrung, 1993.
Wong, D. W. S. Mechanisms and Theory in Food Chemistry; Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, NY, 1989.
Yadav, S. K.; Sehgal, S. Effect of home processing on ascorbic acid and ß-carotene content of spinach (Spinacia oleracia) and amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) leaves. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 1995, 47, 125–131.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reddy, M.B., Love, M. (1999). The Impact of Food Processing on the Nutritional Quality of Vitamins and Minerals. In: Jackson, L.S., Knize, M.G., Morgan, J.N. (eds) Impact of Processing on Food Safety. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 459. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4853-9_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4853-9_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7201-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4853-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive