Abstract
An initial problem in providing a description of violent paraphilic criminal offenders is that rapists, one of the two major groups of violent sexual offenders commonly recognized (the other is child molesters) are not classified in the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) as paraphiliacs. The DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987), allowed their inclusion as sexual sadists when the suffering inflicted on the victim was far in excess of that necessary to gain compliance, but added that, in most cases of rape, the rapist did not find the victim’s suffering sexually arousing. Presumably, rape was excluded from the paraphilias in the DSM-IV to accommodate the theory cogently criticized by (Palmer (1988)) that rape is not sexually motivated; this theory appears totally implausible in view of the evidence that a significant percentage of normal men report experiencing sexually arousing rape fantasies, and in laboratory studies show genital arousal to descriptions of forceful rape (McConaghy, 1993). However there appears to be no empirical evidence to support the DSM-III-R distinction between sadistic and nonsadistic rapists and (Knight and Prentky (1990)) were unable to substantiate it in a prison population. Some rapists who did not inflict severe physical damage on victims nevertheless appeared motivated by sadistic or angry fantasies. Equally, there is no evidence that self-identified sadomasochists show any increased likelihood of raping nonconsenting subjects. It would seem appropriate that rape be classified as an independent paraphilia, and it is discussed here as such.
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McConaghy, N. (1999). Paraphilias. In: Van Hasselt, V.B., Hersen, M. (eds) Handbook of Psychological Approaches with Violent Offenders. The Plenum Series in Crime and Justice. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4845-4_12
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