Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants formed primarily from the incomplete combustion of organic material. They are present in tobacco smoke, exhaust fumes and urban air. PAHs are also found in water and soil as a result the rain and gravitational influence providing other possible routes for human exposure (Wills and Weisburger, 1986). Benzo[a]pyrene (BP) is a potent inducer of drug- metabolizing enzymes. BP up-regulates the expression of [Ah] battery genes, by binding to the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) (Nebert et al., 1993). The [Ah] battery consists of at least six genes: two Phase I (CYP1 Al and CYP1A2) and four Phase II genes (ALDH3, NQO-1,T1*A6 and GSTA-1). Induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 enzymes provokes increased metabolic activation of PAHs to mutagenic derivatives that may activate pro- or inactivate tumor or inactivate tumor supressor genes (Nebert, 1989; Hankinson, 1995). On the other d, induction of the Phase II enzymes of the [Ah] gene battery may be beneficial, since se enzymes are involved in detoxification pathways.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Byrne, B., Fowler, P.A., Fraser, M., Culler, M. and Templeton, A., (1995), GnSAF bioactivity in serum from su-perovulated women is not blocked by inhibin antibody, Biol. Reprod., 52, 88–95.
Clark, J.H., Williams, M, Upchurch, S., Eriksson, H., Helton, E. and Markaverish, B.M., (1982), Effects of estra-diol-17beta on nuclear occupancy of the estrogen receptor, stimulation of nuclear type II sites and uterine growth, J. Steroid Biochem., 16, 323–328.
Finnen, M.J. and Hassal, K.A., (1984), Effects of hypophysectomy on sex differences in the induction of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in the rat, J. Pharmacol., Exp. Then, 229, 250–254.
Hankinson, O., (1995), The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 35, 307–340.
Harris, M., Zacharewski, T. and Safe, S., (1990), Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlodibenzo-p-dioxin and related compounds on the occupied nuclear estrogen receptor in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, Cancer Res., 50, 3579–3584.
Karageorgou, M., Vasiliou, V., Nebert, D.W. and Marselos M., (1995), Ligands of four receptors in the nuclear steroid7thyroid hormone superfamily inhibit induction of rat cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase-3 (ALDH3) by 3-methylcholanthrene, Biochem. Pharmacol., 50, 2113–2117.
Kato, R., (1974), Sex related differences in drug metabolism, Drug Metab. Rev., 3, 1–32.
Kato, R., and Yamazoe, Y., (1993), Hormonal regulation of cytochrome P450 in rat liver, Hanbook Exp. Pharmacol., 105, 447–459
Leavitt, W.W., Evans, R.W., Okulicz, W.C., MacDonald, R.G., Henory, W.J. and Robidoux, W.F., (1982), Progesterone inhibition of nuclear estrogen receptor, In: Hormone Antagonists, Agarwal M.K. ed., de Gruyter, Berlin, 213–232.
Lin, F.H., Stohs, S.J., Birnbaum, L.S., Clark, G., Lucier, G.W. and Goldstein, J.A., (1991), The effects of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the hepatic estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors in congenic strains of Ah responsive and Ah nonresponsive C57BL/6J mice, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 108, 129–139.
Marselos, M., (1976), Genetic variation of drug metabolizing enzymes in the Wistar rat, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 39, 186–197.
Nebert, D.W., (1989), The Ah locus: Genetic differences in toxicity, cancer, mutation and birth defects, Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 20, 153–174.
Nebert, D.V., Puga, A. and Vasiliou V., (1993), Role of the Ah receptor and the dioxin-inducible [Ah] gene battery in toxicity, cancer and signal transduction, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 685, 624–640.
Romkes, M., Piskorska-Pliszczynska, J., and Safe S., (1987), Effects of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on hepatic and uterine estrogen receptor levels in rat, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 87, 306–314.
Skett, P., (1988), Biochemical basis of sex differences in drug metabolism, Pharmac. Then, 38, 269–304.
Skett, P. and Paterson, P., (1985), Sex differences in the effects of microsomal enzyme inducers on hepatic phase I drug metabolism in the rat, Biochem. Pharmacol., 34, 3533–3536.
Thomsen, J.S., Wang, X., Hines, R.N. and Safe S., (1994), Introduction of a functional human estrogen receptor restores the function of the Ah receptor in the human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MBA-231, The Toxicologist, 13, 34
Williams, G.M. and Weisburger, J.H., (1986), Chemical carcinogens, In: Casarett, L.J. and Doull J. (Eds.), Toxicology, New York, MacMillan, 99–173.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stephanou, P., Pappas, P., Vasiliou, V., Marselos, M. (1999). Prepubertal Regulation of the Rat Dioxin-Inducible Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH3). In: Weiner, H., Maser, E., Crabb, D.W., Lindahl, R. (eds) Enzymology and Molecular Biology of Carbonyl Metabolism 7. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 463. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4735-8_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4735-8_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7146-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4735-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive