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Mechanisms of Initiation of Linear DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

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Genetic Engineering

Part of the book series: Genetic Engineering ((GEPM,volume 21))

Abstract

DNA polymerases are not able to initiate de novo DNA synthesis on a DNA template but require the existence of a primer containing a free hydroxyl group to start DNA elongation (1). On the contrary, RNA polymerases are known to initiate de novo RNA synthesis. The first mechanism shown to prime DNA synthesis was the use of an RNA primer synthesized either by an RNA polymerase or by specific enzymes, the primases. These RNA primers, either short RNAs, nascent RNAs or tRNAs, provide the 3′-hydroxyl (3′-OH) group needed by the DNA polymerase to elongate the DNA chain. Another mechanism is the use of the 3′-OH group provided by the DNA itself. A third type of primer for DNA synthesis is the hydroxyl group of a specific serine, threonine or tyrosine residue of a protein (2).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma, Canto Blanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Margarita Salas

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  1. Margarita Salas
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  1. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York

    Jane K. Setlow

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Salas, M. (1999). Mechanisms of Initiation of Linear DNA Replication in Prokaryotes. In: Setlow, J.K. (eds) Genetic Engineering. Genetic Engineering, vol 21. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4707-5_8

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