Abstract
Neuropsychological manifestations associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection and relevant cultural factors warrant special consideration in a handbook of this nature. This unique merit stems partially from the increasing incidence and cumulative prevalence of this infectious disease affecting ethnic-minority populations in the United States and abroad (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1996; Mann, Tarantola, & Netter, 1992; World Health Organization, 1996), and partially from the deleterious effects of HIV upon the central nervous system (CNS) of adults (Grant et al., 1987; McArthur, 1994; Navia, Jordan, & Price, 1986; Snider et al., 1983) and children (Belman, 1990; Epstein et al, 1986; Falloon, Eddy, Wiener, & Pizzo, 1989; Pizzo & Wilfert, 1994), and their neuropsychological and neurobehavioral sequelae (BayƩs, 1995; Brouwers, Belman, & Epstein, 1991, Brouwers, Moss, Wolters, Eddy, & Pizzo, 1989; Chase et al., in press; Llorente, LoPresti, Levy, & Fernandez, 2000; Llorente, LoPresti, & Satz, 1997; Llorente et al., 1998; Miller et al., 1990; Navia et al., 1986; Tross et al., 1988; van Gorp, Miller, Satz, & Visscher, 1989).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force. (1991). Nomenclature and research case definition for neurologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 infection. Annals of Neurology, 41, 778ā785.
Andiman, W. A., & Modlin, J. F. (1991). Vertical transmission. In P. A. Pizzo & K. M. Wilfert (Eds.), Pediatric AIDS: The challenge of HIV infection in infant, children, and adolescents (pp. 140ā155). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
Ardilla, A., Rosselli, U. M., & Puente, A. E. (1994). Neuropsychological evaluation of the Spanish speaker. New York: Plenum.
Ardilla, A., Rosselli, M., & Rosas, P. (1989). Neuropsychological assessment of illiterates: Visuospatial and memory abilities. Brain and Cognition, 11, 147ā166.
Aylward, E. H., Henderer, J. D., McArthur, J. C., Brettschneider, P. D., Barta, P. E., & Pearlson, G. D. (1993). Reduced basal ganglia atrophy in HIV-1 associated dementia complex: Results from quantitative neuroimaging. Neurology, 43, 2099ā2104.
BayĆ©s, R. (1995). Sida. Barcelona: MartĆnez Roca.
Belman, A. L. (1990). AIDS and Pediatric neurology. Neurology Clinics, 8, 571ā603.
Belman, A. L., Diamond, G., Dickson, D., Horoupian, D., Liena, J., Lantos, G., & Rubinstein, A. (1988). Pediatrie acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 142, 29ā35.
Belman, A., Diamond, G., Park, Y., Nozyce, M., Douglas, C., Cabot, T., Bernstein, L., & Rubinstein, A. (1989). Perinatal HIV infection: A prospective longitudinal study of the initial CNS signs. Neurology, 39(Suppl. 1), 278ā279. (Abstract).
Belman, A. L., Lantos, G., Horoupian, D., Novick, B. E., Ultmann, M. H., Dickson, D. W., & Rubinstein, A. (1986). AIDS: Calcification of the basal ganglia in infants and children. Neurology, 36, 1192ā1199.
Belman, A. L., Novick, B., Ultmann, M. H., Spiro, A. J., Rubinstein, A., Horoupian, D. S., & Cohen, H. (1984). Neurologic complications in children with AIDS. Annals of Neurology, 16, 414. (Abstract).
Belman, A. L., Ultmann, M. H., Horoupian, D., Novick, B., Spiro, A. J., Rubinstein, A., Kurtzbert, D., & Cone-Wesson, B. (1985). Neurological complications in infants and children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Annals of Neurology, 18, 560ā566.
Blasini, I., Velez-Boras, J., Hittelman, J., Ware, J., Smith, R., Chase, C., Llorente, A., Moye, J., & Fowler, M. (1998, June). Early neurodevelopmental indicators of encephalopathy in vertically HIV-infected children. Paper presented at the Annual Neuroscience in HIV Infection Conference, Chicago, IL.
Boivin, M. J., Green, S. D. R., Davies, A. G., Giordani, B., Mokili, J. K. L., & Cutting, W. A. M. (1995). A preliminary evaluation of the cognitive and motor effects of Pediatric HIV infection in Zairian children. Health Psychology, 14, 13ā21.
Bornstein, R. A. (1994). Methodological and conceptual issues in the study of cognitive change in HIV infection. In I. Grant & A. Martin (Eds.), Neuropsychology of HIV infection (pp. 146ā160). New York: Oxford University Press.
Bredesen, D. E., Levy, R. M., & Rosenblum, M. L. (1988). The neurology of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 68, 665ā677.
Brew, B. J., Bhalla, R. B., Paul, M., Sidtis, J. J., Keilp, J. J., Sadler, A. E., Gallardo, H., McArthur, C., Schwartz, M., & Price, P. W. (1992). Cerebrospinal fluid Ī²2 microglobulin in patients infected with AIDS dementia complex: An expanded series including response to zidovudine treatment. AIDS, 6, 461ā465.
Brew, B. J., Sidtis, J. J., Petite, C. K., & Price, R. W. (1988). The neurologic complications of AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus infection. In F. Plum (Ed.), Advances in contemporary neurology (pp. 1ā49). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.
Brightbill, T. C., Ihmeidan, I. H., Post, M. J. D., Berger, J. K., & Katz, D. A. (1995). Neurosyphilis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Neuroimaging findings. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 16, 703ā711.
Brouwers, P., Belman, A. L., & Epstein, L. G. (1991). Central nervous system involvement: Manifestations and evaluation. In P. A. Pizzo & K. M. Wilfert (Eds.), Pediatric AIDS: The challenge of HIV infection in infants, children, and adolescents (pp. 318ā335). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
Brouwers, P., Belman, A. L., & Epstein, L. (1994). Central nervous system involvement: Manifestations, evaluation, and pathogenesis. In P. A. Pizzo & K. M. Wilfert (Eds.), Pediatric AIDS: The challenge of HTV infection in infants, children, and adolescents (2nd ed., pp. 433ā455). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
Brouwers, P., DeCarli, C., Civitello, L., Moss, H., Wolters, P., & Pizzo, P. (1995). Correlation between computed tomographic brain scan abnormalities and neuropsychological function in children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus disease. Archives of Neurology, 52, 39ā44.
Brouwers, P., Heyes, M., Moss, H., Wolters, P., Poplack, D., Markey, S., & Pizzo, P. (1993). Quinolinic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with symptomatic HIV-disease: Relationships to clinical status and therapeutic response. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 168, 1380ā1386.
Brouwers, P., Moss, H., Wolters, P., Eddy, J., & Pizzo, P. (1989). Neuropsychological profile of children with symptomatic HIV infection prior to antiretroviral therapy. Proceedings from the V International Conference on AIDS, 1, 316 (Abstract).
Brouwers, P., Moss, H., Wolters, P., el-Amin, D., Tassone, E., & Pizzo, P. (1992). Neurobehavioral typology of schoolage children with symptomatic HIV disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 14, 113 (Abstract).
Brouwers, P., Moss, H., Wolters, P., & Schmitt, F. A. (1994). Developmental deficits and behavioral change in pediatric AIDS. In I. Grant & A. Martin (Eds.), Neuropsychology of HIV infection (pp. 310ā338). New York: Oxford University Press.
Brown, G. R., & Rundell, J. R. (1990). Prospective study of psychiatric morbidity in HIV-seropositive women without AIDS. General Hospital Psychiatry, 12, 30ā35.
Brown, G. R., & Rundell, J. R. (1993). A prospective study of psychiatric aspects of early HIV disease in women. General Hospital Psychiatry, 15, 139ā147.
Buckingham, S., & van Gorp, W. (1988). AIDS-dementia complex: Implications for practice. Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, 69, 371ā375.
Butters, N., Grant, I., Haxby, J., Fudd, L. L., Martin, A., McClelland, J., Pegvegnant, W., Schachter, D., & Stover, E. (1990). Assessment of AIDS-related cognitive changes: Recommendations of the NIMH workshop on neuropsychological assessment approaches. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 12, 963ā978.
Carrieri, P. B., Indaco, A., Maiorino, A., & Buscaino, G. A. (1992). Cerebrospinal fluid beta-2-microglobulin in multiple sclerosis and AIDS dementia complex. Neurological Research, 14, 282ā283.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1993). HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, 5, 1ā19.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1994). Revised classification system for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children less than 13 years of age. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly, 43, 1ā10.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1996). HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, 8(1), 1ā33.
Chase, C., Ware, J., Hittelman, J., Blasini, I., Smith, R., Llorente, A., Anisfeld, E., Diaz, C., Fowler, M. G., Moye, J., & Almy, S. (in press). Early cognitive and motor development among infants born to women infected by human immunodeficiency virus. Pediatrics.
Clark, R.A., & Bessinger, R. (1997). Clinical manifestations and predictors of survival in older women infected with HIV. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 15, 341ā345.
Claypoole, K., Townes, B., Collier, A., Combs, R., Longstreth, W., Cohen, W., Marra, C., Gerlack, H., Maravilla, K., Bahls, F., White, D., Murphy, V., Maxwell, C., & Handheld, H. (1990, February). Neuropsychological aspects of early HIV infection. Presented at the eighteenth annual International Neuropsychological Society Conference, Orlando, FL.
Cohen, S., Mundy, T., Karrassik, B., Lieb, L., Ludwig, D., & Ward, J. (1991). Neuropsychological functioning in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seropositive children infected through neonatal blood transfusion. Pediatrics, 88, 58ā68.
Coons, H. L., Spence, M. R., Harwell, T. S., Walch, S. E., & Spriepe, M. I. (February, 1995). Psychosocial adjustment of women with HIV/AIDS. Presented at the HIV Infection in Women: Setting a New Agenda conference, Washington, D.C.
Cooper, D. A., Gold, J., McIean, P., Donovan, B., Finlayson, R., Barnes, T. G., Michelmore, H. M., Brooke, M., & Penny, R. (1985). Acute AIDS retrovirus infection: Definition of a clinical illness associated with seroconversion. Lancet, 1, 537ā540.
Cummings, J. L., & Benson, D. F. (1983). Dementia: A clinical approach. Boston: Butterworthās.
Darko, D. F., Miller, J. C., Gallen, C., White, J., Koziol, J., Brown, S. J., Hayduk, R., Atkinson, J. H., & Ascmus, J. (1995). Sleep encephalogram delta-frequency amplitude, night plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor a, and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the USA, 92, 12080ā12084.
DeCarli, C., Civitello, L. A., Brouwers, P., & Pizzo, P. A. (1993). The prevalence of computed axial tomographic abnormalities of the cerebrum in 100 consecutive children symptomatic with the HIV. Annals of Neurology, 34, 198ā205.
DeCarli, C., Fugate, L., Falloon, J., Eddy, J., Katz, D. A., Friedland, R. P., Rapoport, S. I., Brouwers, P., & Pizzo, P. A. (1991). Brain growth and cognitive improvement in children with human immune deficiency virus-induced encephalopathy after six months of continuous infusion with azidothymidine therapy. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 4, 585ā592.
de Martino, M. (1994). Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 infection and breast milk. Acta Paediatrica Supplement, 400, 51ā58.
Diamond, G. W. (1989). Developmental problems in children with HIV infection. Mental Retardation, 27, 213ā217.
Diamond, G. W., Kaufman, J., Belman, A. L., Cohen, L., Cohen, H. J., & Rubinstein, A. (1987). Characterization of cognitive functioning in a subgroup of children with congenital HIV infection. Archives of Clinical Neuropsy chology, 2, 245ā256.
Dicks, B. A. (1994). African American women and AIDS: A public health/social work challenge. Social Work in Healthcare, 19, 123ā143.
Dickson, D. W., Belman, A. L., Park, Y. D., Wiley, C., Horoupian, D. S., Llena, J., Kure, K., Lyman, W. D., Morecki, R., & Mitsudo, S. (1989). Central nervous system pathology in Pediatric AIDS: An autopsy study. Acta Pathologica Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (Suppl), 8, 40ā57.
Dooneief, G., Bello, J., Todak, G., Mun, J. K., Marder, K., Malouf, R., Gorman, J., Hilal, S., Stern, Y., & Mayeux, R. (1992). A prospective controlled study of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in gay men and parental drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Archives of Neurology, 49, 38ā43.
Dorfman, D., Handelsman, L., Williams, D., Kincaid, J., & Hauser, A. (1995). HIV-infected women show neuropsychological impairment earlier than men. Proceedings from the HIV Infected Womenās Conference, P125.
Durvasala, R. S., & Miller, E. (1997). Neuropsychological performance and HIV serostatus in women. Proceedings from the National Conference on Women and HIV, p. 115. (Abstract #114.4).
Epstein, L. G., Goudsmit, J., Paul, D. S., Morrison, S. H., Connor, E. M., Oleske, J. M., & Holland, B. (1987). Expression of human immunodeficiency virus in cerebrospinal fluid of children with progressive encephalopathy. Annals of Neurology, 21, 397ā401.
Epstein, L. G., Sharer, L. R., Joshi, V. V., Fogas, M. M., Koenigsberger, M. R., & Oleske, J. M. (1985). Progressive encephalopathy in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Annals of Neurology, 17, 488ā496.
Epstein, L. G., Sharer, L. R., Oleske, J. M., Connor, E. M., Goudsmit, J., Bagdon, L., Robert-Guroff, M., & Koenigsberger, M. R. (1986). Neurologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection in children. Pediatrics, 78, 678ā687.
Epstein, L. G., Sharer, L. R., & Goudsmit, J. (1988). Neurological and neuropathological features of human immunodeficiency virus infection in children. Annals of Neurology, 23(Suppl.), S19āS23.
Everall, I., Luthert, P. J., & Lantos, P. L. (1991). Neuronal loss in the frontal cortex in HIV infection. Lancet, 337, 1119ā1121.
Everall, I., Luthert, P. I., Lantos, P. L. (1993). A review of neuronal damage in human immunodeficiency virus infection: Its assessment, possible mechanism and relationship to dementia. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 52, 561ā566.
Falloon, J., Eddy., J., Wiener, L., & Pizzo, P. A. (1989). Human immunodeficiency virus infection in children. Journal of Pediatrics, 114, 1ā30.
Fama, R., Pace, P. L., Tiempiero, A. M., & Bornstein, R. A. (1992). Effects of alcohol and drug use on neuropsychological performance in HIV asymptomatic individuals. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 14, 79.
Fernandez, F. (1988). Psychiatric complications in HIV-related illnesses. American Psychiatric Association AIDS primer. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press.
Fernandez, F. (1989). Anxiety and the neuropsychiatry of AIDS. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 50(Suppl.), 9ā14.
Fernandez, F., Adams, F., Levy, J. K., Holmes, V. F., Neidhart, M., & Mansell, P. W. (1988). Cognitive impairment due to AIDS-related complex and its response to psychostimulants. Psychosomatics, 29, 38ā46.
Fernandez, F., Levy, J. K., & Pirozzolo, F. J. (1989). Neuropsychological and immunological abnormalities in advanced HIV infection. Fifth International Conference on AIDS. Montreal, Canada.
Filley, C. M. (1994). Neurobehavioral aspects of cerebral white matter disorders. In B. S. Fogel, R. S. Schiffer, & S. M. Rao (Eds.), Neuropsychiatry: A comprehensive textbook. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
Flowers, C. H., Mafee, M. F., Crowell, R., Raofi, B., Arnold, P., Dobben, G., & Wycliffe, N. (1990). Encephalopathy in AIDS patients: Evaluation with MR imaging. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 11, 1235ā1245.
Fong, I. W., & Toma, E. (1995). The natural history of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with AIDS. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 20, 1305ā1310.
Fowler, M. G. (1994). Pediatric HIV infection: Neurologic and neuropsychological findings. Acta Paediatrica Supplement, 400, 59ā62.
Fox, K. A., Ethier, K. A., Cerreta, C., & Ickovics, J. R. (1995). Women and HIV/AIDS: Representation in neurological and neuropsychological research. Presented at the HIV Infection in Women: Setting a New Agenda conference, Washington, DC.
Frank, K. Y., Lim, W., & Kahn, E. (1989). Multiple ischemie infarcts in children with AIDS, varicella zoster infection and cerebral vasculitis. Pediatric Neurology, 5, 64ā67.
Franke, G. H., Jager, H., Thomann, B., & Beyer, B. (1992). Assessment and evaluation of psychological distress in HIV-infected women. Psychology and Health, 6, 297ā312.
Franzblau, A., Letz, R., Hershman, D., Mason, P., Wallace, J. I., & Bekesi, G. (1991). Quantitative neurologic and neurobehavioral testing of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Archives of Neurology, 48, 263ā268.
Friedland, G., & Klein, R. (1987). Transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. New England Journal of Medicine, 317, 1125ā1135.
Gazbuda, D. H., Levy, S. R., & Chiappa, K. H. (1988). Electroencephalography in AIDS and AIDS-related complex. Clinical Electroencephalography, 19, 1ā6.
Gottlieb, M., Schroff, R., Schanker, H., Weisman, J., Fan, P., Wolf, R., & Saxon, A. (1981). Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: Evidence of a newly acquired cellular immunodeficiency. New England Journal of Medicine, 305, 1425ā1430.
Grant, D. (1988). Support groups for youth with the AIDS virus. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 38, 237ā250.
Grant, I., Atkinson, J. H., Hesselink, J. R., Kennedy, C. J., Richman, D. D., Spector, S. A., & McCutchan, J. A. (1987). Evidence for early central nervous system involvement in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Annals of Internal Medicine, 107, 828ā836.
Grant, I., & Martin, A. (1994). Introduction: Neurocognitive disorders associated with HIV-1 infection. In I. Grant & A. Martin (Eds.), Neuropsychology of HIV infection (pp. 3ā19). New York: Oxford University Press.
Hamilton, J.D., Hartigan, P. M., Simberkoff, M. S., Day, P. L., Diamond, G. R., Dickinson, G. M., Drusano, G. L., Egovin, M. J., George, W. L., Gordin, F. M., Hawkes, C. A., Jensen, P. C., Kilmas, N. G., Labriola, A. M., Lahort, C. J., OāBrien, W. A., Oster, C. N., Weinhold, K. J., Wray, N. P., Zolla-Pazner, S. B., & the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on AIDS Treatment. (1992). A controlled trial of early versus late treatment with Zidovudine in symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. New England Journal of Medicine, 326, 437ā443.
Harris, J. G., Cullum, C. M., & Puente, A. E. (1995). Effects of bilingualism on verbal learning and memory in Hispanic adults. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 1, 10ā16.
Harris, M. H. (1992). Habilitative and rehabilitative needs of children with HIV infection. In A. C. Crocker, H. J. Cohen, & T. A. Kastner (Eds.), HIV infection and developmental disabilities: A resource for service providers (pp. 85ā94). Baltimore, MD: Brookes.
Hart, R. P., Wade, J. B., Klinger, R. L., & Levenson, J. L. (1990). Slowed information processing as an early cognitive change associated with AIDS and ARC. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 12, 72.
Heaton, R. K., Grant, I., Butters, N., White, D. A., Kirson, D., Atkinson, J. H., McCutchman, J. A., Taylor, M. J., Kelly, M. D., Ellis, R. J., Wolfson, T., Velin, R., Marcotte, T. D., Hesselink, T. L., Venigan, J., Chandlier, J., Wallace, M., Abramson, I., & the HNRC Group. (1995). The HNRC 500-neuropsychology of HIV infection at different disease stages. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 1, 231ā251.
Heyes, M. P., Brew, B. J., Martin, A., Price, R. W., Salazar, A. M., & Sidtis, J. J. (1991). Quinolinic acid in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in HIV-1 infection: Relationship to clinical neurological status. Annals of Neurology, 29, 202ā209.
Hittelman, J., Willoughby, A., Mendez, H., Nelson, N., Gong, J., Holman, S., Muez, L., Goedert, J., & Landesman, S. (1990). Neurodevelopmental outcome of perinatally-acquired HIV infection on the first 15 months of life. Proceedings from the VI International Conference on AIDS, 3, 130. (Abstract).
Hittelman, J., Willoughby, A., Mendez, H., Nelson, N., Gong, J., Mendez, H., Holman, S., Muez, L., Goedert., J., & Landesman, S. (1991). Neurodevelopmental outcome of perinatally-acquired HIV infection on the first 24 months of life. Proceedings from the VI International Conference on AIDS, 1, 65. (Abstract).
Ho, D. D., Rota, T. R., Schooley, R. T., Kaplan, J. C., Allan, J. D., Groopman, J. E., Resnick, L., Felsenstein, D., Andrews, C. A., & Hirsch, M. S. (1985). Isolation of HTLV-HI from cerebrospinal fluid and neural tissues of patients with neurologic syndromes related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 313, 1493ā1497.
Hutto, C., Scott, G., Parks, E., & Frschl, M. (1989, June 1ā5). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies in adults and Pediatric HIV infections. Proceedings from the Third International Conference on AIDS. Washington, DC.
James, M.E., Rubin, C.P., & Willis, S.E. (1991). Drug abuse and psychiatric findings in HIV-seropositive pregnant patients. General Hospital Psychiatry, 13, 4ā8.
Janssen, R., Saykin, J., Cannon, L., Campbell, J., Pinsky, P. F., Hessol, N., OāMalley, P. M., Lifson, A. R., Doll, L. S., Rutherford, G. N., & Kaplan, J. (1989). Neurologic and neuropsychologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection: Association with AIDS-related complex but not asymptomatic HIV-1 infection. Annals of Neurology, 26, 592ā600.
Jernigan, T. T. L., Archibald, S., Hesselink, J. R., Atkinson, J. H., Velin, R. A., McCutchan, J. A., Chandler, J., & Grant, I. (1993). Magnetic resonance imaging morphometric analysis of cerebral volume loss in human immunodeficiency virus. The HNRC group. Archives of Neurology, 50, 250ā255.
Kaplan, M. S., Marks, G., & Mertens, S. B. (1997). Distress and coping among women with HIV infection: Preliminary findings from a multiethnic sample. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 67(1), 80ā91.
Kaufman, A. S. (1975). Factor analysis of the WISC-R at 11 age levels between 6Ā½ and 16Ā½ years. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 135ā147.
KlĆøve, H. (1963). Clinical neuropsychology. In F. M. Foster (Ed.), The Medical Clinics of North America. New York: W.B. Saunders.
Klusman, L. E., Moulton, J. K., Hombostel, L. K., Picano, J. J., & Beattie, M. T. (1991). Neuropsychological abnormalities in asymptomatic HIV seropositive military personnel. Journal of Neuropsychiatry, 3, 422ā428.
Koenig, S., Gendelman, H. E., Orenstein, J., Dal Canto, M. C., Pezeshkpour, G. H., Yungbluth, M., Janotta, F., Aksamit, A., Martin, M. A., & Fauci, A. S. (1986). Detection of AIDS virus in macrophages in brain tissue from AIDS patients with encephalopathy. Science, 233, 1089ā1093.
Kramer, E. L., & Sanger, J. J. (1990). Brain imaging in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, 20, 353ā363.
Kranczer, S. (1995). U.S. longevity unchanged. Statistical Bulletin, 76, 12ā20.
LaFrance, N., Pearlson, G., Shaerf, F., McArthur, J., Polk, B., Links, J., Bascom, M., Knowles, M., & Galen, S. (1988). I-123 IMP-SPECT in HIV-related dementia. Advances in Functional Neuroimaging, Fall, 9ā15.
Laosa, L. M. (1984). Ethnic, socioeconomic and home language influences upon early performance on measures of abilities. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1178ā1198.
Leuchter, A., Newton, T., van Gorp, W., & Miller, E. (1989, May). Early detection of HIV effects on brain function. Paper presented at the 142nd Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, San Francisco, CA.
Levenson, R. L., Jr., Mellins, C. A., Zawadzki, R., Kairam, R., & Stein, Z. (1992). Cognitive assessment of human immunodeficiency virus-exposed children. American Journal of Diseases in Children, 146, 1479ā1483.
Levin, B. E., Berger, J. R., Didona, T., & Duncan, R. (1992). Cognitive function in asymptomatic HIV-1 infection: The effects of age, education, ethnicity, and depression. Neuropsychology, 6, 303ā313.
Levin, H. S., Williams, D. H., Borucki, M. J., Hillman, G. R., Williams, M. B., Guinto, F. C., Amparo, E. G., Crow, W. N., & Pollard, R. B. (1990). Magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological findings in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 3, 757ā762.
Levy, J. K., & Fernandez, F. (1997). Human immunodeficiency virus infection of the central nervous system: Implications for neuropsychiatry. In S. C. Yudofsky & R. E. Hales (Eds.), Textbook of neumpsychiatry (3rd. ed., pp. 663ā692). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Lezak, M. D. (1978). Subtle sequelae of brain damage: Perplexity, distractibility, and fatigue. American Journal of Physical Medicine, 57, 9ā15.
Likely, J. J. (1987). Forensic psychological evaluations through an interpreter: Legal and ethical issues. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 5, 29ā43.
Lipsitz, J. D., Gorman, J. M., Sorrell, S., Goetz, R., el Sadr, W., Bradbury, M., Remien, R. H., Rabkin, J. G., & Williams, J. B. (1994). Psychopathology in male and female intravenous drug users with and without HIV infection. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(11), 1662ā1668.
Llorente, A. M., LoPresti, C. E., Levy, J. K., & Fernandez, F. (2000). Neurobehavioral and neuropsychological manifestations of HIV infection: Assessment considerations with Hispanic populations. In M. O. Ponton & J. Leon-Carrion (Eds.), Neuropsychology and the Hispanic patient (pp. 322ā337). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Llorente, A. M., LoPresti, C. E., & Satz, P. (1997). Neuropsychological and neurobehavioral sequelae associated with pediatric HIV infection. In C. R. Reynolds & E. Fletcher-Janzen (Eds.), Handbook of clinical child neuropsychology (2nd ed., pp. 634ā650). New York: Plenum.
Llorente, A. M., Miller, E. N., DāElia, L. F., Seines, O. A., Wesch, J., Becker, J. T., & Satz, P. (1998). Slowed information processing in HIV-1 disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 20, 60ā72.
Llorente, A. M., PontĆ³n, M. O., Taussig, I. M., & Satz, P. (1999). Patterns of American immigration and their influence on the acquisition of neuropsychological norms for Hispanic groups. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 14, 603ā614.
Llorente, A. M., Stern, M. J., & van Gorp, W. G. (1994, April). Long-term effect of AZT on neuropsychological performance. Poster presented at the NIH (Office on AIDS) sponsored Pathogenesis of HIV Infection of the Brain: Impact on Function and Behavior conference, Chantilly, VA.
Long, I. L., & Leger, J. A. (1995, February). Womenās access to government-sponsored AIDS/HIV Clinical Trials. Presented at the HIV Infection in Women: Setting a New Agenda conference, Washington, DC.
LoPresti, C. M., Llorente, A. M., Guzzard, C. R., & Brumm, V. L. (1998, August). Neuropsychological functioning in HIV+ women: Consultation with community-based organizations. Poster presented at the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Manly, J. J., Miller, S. W., Heaton, R. K., Byrd, D., Reilly, J., Velasquez, R. J., Saccuzzo, D. P., & Grant, I. (1998). The effect of African American acculturation on neuropsychological test performance in normal and HIV-positive individuals. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4, 291ā302.
Mann, J. M., Tarantola, D. M., & Netter, T. W. (1992). AIDS in the world. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mapou, R. L., Law, W. A., Wagner, K., Malone, J. L., & Skillman, D. R. (1996). Neuropsychological effects of Interferon Alfa-n3 treatment in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 8, 74ā81.
Marin, G., & MarĆn, B. V. (1991). Research with Hispanic populations. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Martin, A. (1994). HIV, cognition, and the basal ganglia. In I. Grant & A. Martin (Eds.), Neuropsychology of HIV infection (pp. 234ā269). New York: Oxford University Press.
Martin, A., Heyes, M. P., Salazar, A. M., Kampen, M. S., Williams, J., Law, W. A., Coats, M. E., & Markey, S. P. (1992). Progressive slowing of reaction time and increasing cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of quinolinic acid in HIV-infected individuals. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 4, 270ā279.
Martin, E. M., Robertson, L. C., Edelstein, H. E., Jagust, W. J., Sorenson, D. J., SanGiovanni, D., & Chirurgi, V. A. (1992). Performance of patients with early HIV-1 infection on the Stroop Task. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 14, 857ā868.
Masliah, E., Achim, C. L., Ge, N., DeTerresa, R., Terry, R. D., & Wiley, C. A. (1992). Spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus associated neocortical damage. Annals of Neurology, 32, 321ā329.
Masliah, E., Ge, N., Achim, C. L., & Wiley, C. A. (1995). Differential vulnerability of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons in HIV encephalitis. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 54, 350ā357.
McAllister, R. H., Herns, M. V., Harrison, M. J. G., Newman, S. P., Connolly, S., Fowler, C. J., Fell, M., Durrance, P., Manji, H., & Kendall, B. E. (1992). Neurologic and neuropsychologic performance in HIV seropositive men without symptoms. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 55, 143ā148.
McArthur, J. C. (1987). Neurologic manifestations of AIDS. Medicine (Baltimore), 66, 407ā437.
McArthur, J. C. (1994). Neurological and neuropathological manifestations of HIV infection. In I. Grant & A. Martin (Eds.), Neuropsychology of HIV infection (pp. 56ā107). New York: Oxford University Press.
McArthur, J. C., Cohen, B. A., Seines, O. A., Kumar, A. J., Cooper, K., McArthur, J. H., Soucy, G., Cornblath, D. R., Chmiel, J. S., & Wang, M. C. (1989). Low prevalence of neurological and neuropsychological abnormalities in otherwise healthy HIV-1-infected individuals: Results from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Annals of Neurology, 26, 601ā611.
McArthur, J. C., Nance-Sproon, T. E., Griffin, D. E., Hoover, D., Seines, O. A., Miller, E. N., Margolick, J. B., Cohen, B. A., Furzadagan, H., & Saah, A. (1992). The diagnostic utility of elevation in cerebral spinal fluid Ī²2-microglobulin in HIV-1 dementia. Neurology, 42, 1707ā1712.
McDaniel, J. S., Cohen-Cole, S. A., Farber, E. W., Summerville, M. B., & Fowlie, E. (1995). An assessment of rates of psychiatric morbidity and functioning in HIV disease. General Hospital Psychiatry, 17, 346ā352.
McKegney, F. P., OāDowd, M. A., Feiner, C., Selwyn, P., Drucker, E., & Friedland, G. H. (1990). A prospective comparison of neuropsychologic function in HIV-seropositive and seronegative methadone-maintained patients. AIDS, 4, 565ā569.
Meilers, J. D. C., Marchand-Gonod, N., King, M., Laupa, V., & Smith, J. R. (1994). Mental health of women with HIV infection: A study in Paris and London. European Psychiatry, 9, 241ā248.
Miller, E. N., Seines, O. A., McArthur, J. C., Satz, P., Becker, J. T., Cohen, B. A. Sheridan, K., Machado, A. M., van Gorp, W. G., & Visscher, B. (1990). Neuropsychological performance in HIV-1 infected homosexual men: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Neurology, 40, 197ā203.
Miller, J. K., Barrett, R. E., Britton, C. B., Tapper, M. L., Bahr, G. S., Bruno, P. J., Marquardt, M. D., Hays, A. P., McMurty, I. G., III, Weissman, J. P., & Bruno, M. S. (1982). Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a male homosexual with T-cell immune deficiency. New England Journal of Medicine, 307, 1436ā1438.
Mintz, M. (1989). Elevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor associated with progressive encephalopathy in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 143, 771ā774.
Moore, J., Solomon, L., Schoenbaum, E., Boland, B., Zeiler, S., & Smith, D. (1995, February). Factors associated with stress and distress among HIV-infected and uninfected women. Presented at the HIV Infection in Women: Setting a New Agenda conference, Washington, DC.
Morokoff, P. J., Mays, V. M., & Coons, H. L. (1997). HIV infection and AIDS. In S. J. Gallant, G. Puryear-Keita, & R. Royak-Schaler (Eds.), Health care for women (pp. 273ā293). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Navia, B., Cho, E. S., Petito, C. K., & Price, R. W. (1986a). The AIDS dementia complex: II. Neuropathology. Annals of Neurology, 19, 525ā535.
Navia, B., Jordan, B., & Price, R. (1986b). The AIDS dementia complex: I. Clinical features. Annals of Neurology, 19, 517ā524.
Nicholas, S. W. (1994). The opportunistic and bacterial infections associated with Pediatric human immunodeficiency virus disease. Acta Paediatrica Supplement, 400, 46ā50.
Novello, A. C., Wise, P. H., Willoughby, A., & Pizzo, P. A. (1989). Final report of the United States Department of Health and Human Services Secretaryās Work Group on Pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection disease: Content and implications. Pediatrics, 84, 547ā555.
Nuwer, M. R., Miller, E. N., Visscher, B. R., Niedermeyer, E., Packwood, J. W., Carlson, L. G., Satz, P., Jankel, W., & McArthur, J. C. (1992). Asymptomatic HIV infection does not cause EEG abnormalities: Results from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort study (MACS). Neurology, 42, 1214ā1219.
Ollo, C., & Pass, H. (1988, February). Neuropsychological performance in HIV disease. Effect of depression and chronic CNS infection. Paper presented at the 16th annual meeting of the International Neuropsychological Society, New Orleans, LA.
Orr, S. T., Celentano, D. D., Santelli, J., & Burwell, L. (1994). Depressive symptoms and risk factors for HIV acquisition among black women attending urban health centers in Baltimore. Education and Prevention, 6, 230ā236.
Pang, S., Koyanagi, Y., Miles, S., Wiley, C., Vinters, H., & Chen, I. (1990). High levels of unintegrated HIV-1 DNA in brain tissue of AIDS dementia patients. Nature, 343, 85ā89.
Park, Y., Belman, A., Dickson, D., Llena, J., Josephina, F., Lantos, G., Diamond, G., Bernstein, L., & Rubinstein, A. (1988). Stroke in Pediatric AIDS. Annals of Neurology, 24, 279 (Abstract).
Perdices, M., & Cooper, D. (1989). Simple and choice reaction time in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Annals of Neurology, 25, 460ā467.
PĆ©rez-Arce, P. (1994). The role of culture and SES on cognition. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 8, 350.
Perry, S. W. (1990). Organic mental disorders caused by HIV: Update on early diagnosis and treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 696ā710.
Pizzo, P., Eddy, J., Falloon, J., Balis, F., Murphy, R., Moss, H., Wolters, P., Brouwers, P., Jarosinski, P., Rubin, M., Broder, S., Yarchoan, R., Brunetti, A., Maha, M., Nusinoff Lehrman, S., & Poplack, D. (1988). Effect of continuous intravenous infusion of zidovudine (AZT) in children with symptomatic HIV infection. New England Journal of Medicine, 319, 889ā896.
Pizzo, P. A., & Wilfert, C. M. (Eds.). (1994). Pediatric AIDS: The challenge of HIV infection in infants, children, and adolescents (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
PontĆ³n, M. O., & Ardilla, A. (1999). The future of Hispanic neuropsychology in the U.S. Archives of Neuropsychology, 14, 565ā580.
Post, M. J. D., Berger, J. R., & Quencer, R. M. (1991). Asymptomatic and neurologically symptomatic HIV-seropositive individuals: Prospective evaluation with cranial MR imaging. Radiology, 178, 131ā139.
Post, M., Tate, L., Quencer, R., Hensley, G., Berger, J., Sheremata, W., & Maul, G. (1988). CT, MR, and pathology in HIV encephalitis and meningitis. American Journal of Radiology, 151, 373ā380.
Price, R. W., & Brew, B. J. (1988). The AIDS dementia complex. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 158, 1079ā1083.
Prober, C., & Gershon, A. (1991). Medical management of newborns and infants bom to seropositive mothers. In P. A. Pizzo & C. M. Wilfert (Eds.), Pediatric AIDS: The challenge of HIV infection in infants, children, and adolescents (pp. 516ā530). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
Redfield, R. R., Wright, D. C., & Tramont, E. C. (1986). The Walter Reed staging classification of HTLV-m/LAV infection. New England Journal of Medicine, 314, 131ā132.
Resnick, L., Berger, J. R., Shapshak, P., & Tourtellete, W. W. (1988). Early penetration of blood-brain barrier by HIV. Neurology, 38, 9ā14.
Resnick, L., diMarzio-Veronese, F., SchĆ¼pback, J., Tourtellete, W. W., Ho, D., MĆ¼ller, F., Sharpshak, P., Vogt, M., Groopman, J. E., & Markham, P. D. (1985). Intra-blood-brain-barrier synthesis of HTLV-III specific IgG in patients with neurological symptoms associated with AIDS or ARC. New England Journal of Medicine, 313, 1498ā1504.
Rottenberg, D., Moeller, J., Sidtis, J., Navia, B., Dhawan, V., Ginos, Z., & Price, R. (1987). The metabolic pathology of the AIDS dementia complex. Annals of Neurology, 22, 700ā706.
Royal, W., III, Updike, M., Seines, O. A., Proctor, T. V., Nance-Sproson, L., Salomon, L., Vlahov, D., Cornblath, D. R., & McArthur, J. C. (1991). HIV-1 infection and nervous system abnormalities among a cohort of intravenous drug users. Neurology, 41, 1905ā1910.
Rubinow, D., Berettini, C., Brouwers, P., & Lane, H. (1988). Neuropsychiatrie consequences of AIDS. Annals of Neurology, 23(Suppl.), S24āS26.
Ryan, J. J., Paolo, A. M., & Skrade, M. (1992). Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test performance of a federal corrections sample with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. International Journal of Neuroscience, 64, 177ā181.
Sacktor, N., van Heertum, R. L., Dooneief, G., Gorman, J., Khandji, A., Marder, K., Novr, R., Todak, G., Stern, Y., & Mayer, R. (1995). A comparison of cerebral SPECT abnormalities in HIV-positive homosexual men with and without cognitive impairment. Archives of Neurology, 52, 1170ā1173.
Samson, M., Libert, F., Doranz, B. J., Rocker, J., Liesnard, C., Farber, C. M., Saragasti, S., Lapoumeroulie, C., Cognaux, J., Forceille, C., Muyldermans, G., Verhofstede, C., Burtonboy, G., Georges, M., Imai, T., Rana, S., Yi, Y., Smyth, R. J., Collman, R. G., Doms, R. W., Vassart, T. G., & Parmantier, M. (1996). Resistance to HIV-1 infection in Caucasian individuals bearing mutant alleles of the CCR-5 chemokine receptor gene. Nature, 382, 722ā725.
Satz, P., Morganstern, H., Miller, E. N., DāElia, L. F., van Gorp, W., & Visscher, B. (1993). Low education as apossible risk factor for cognitive abnormalities in HIV-1: Findings from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 6, 503ā511.
Saykin, A., Janssen, R., Sphren, G., Kaplan, J., Spira, T., & Weller, P. (1988). Neuropsychological dysfunction in HIV-infection: Characterization in a lymphadenopathy cohort. International journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 10, 81ā95.
Schuman, P., & Sobel, J. D. (1993). Women and AIDS. The Australian and New Zeland Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 33, 341ā350.
Seines, O. A., McArthur, J. C., Royal, W., III, Updike, M. L., Nance-Sproson, T., Concha, M., Gordon, B., Solomon, L., & Vlahov, D. (1992). HIV-1 infection and intravenous drug use: Longitudinal neuropsychological evaluation of asymptomatic subjects. Neurology, 42, 1924ā1930.
Seines, O. A., Jacobson, L., Machado, A. M., Becker, J. T., Wesch, J., Miller, E. N., Visscher, B., & McArthur, J. C. (1991). Normative data for a brief neuropsychological screening battery. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 73, 539ā550.
Seines, O. A., & Miller, E. N. (1994). Development of a screening battery for HIV-related cognitive impairment: The MACS experience. In I. Grant & A. Martin (Eds.), Neuropsychology of HIV infection (pp. 176ā187). New York: Oxford University Press.
Sharer, L., Cho, E. S., & Epstein, L. G. (1985). Multinucleated giant cells and HTLV-III in AIDS encephalopathy. Human Pathology, 16, 760.
Sharer., L. R., Dowling, P., Micheals, J., Cook, S., Menonna, J., Blumberg, B., & Epstein, L. (1990). Spinal cord disease in children with HIV-1 infection: A combined biological and neuropathological study. Neuropathology of Applied Neurobiology, 16, 317ā331.
Sharer, L. R., Epstein, L. G., Cho, E., Joshi, V. V., Meyenhofer, M. F., Rankin, L. F., & Petite, C. K. (1986). Pathologic features of AIDS encephalopathy in children: Evidence for LAV/HTLV-III infection of brain. Human Pathology, 17, 271ā284.
Sidtis, J. J., Gastonis, C., Price, R. W., Singer, E. J., Collier, A. C., Richman, D. D., Hirsch, M. S., Schaert, F. W., Fischl, M. A., Kieburtz, K., Simpson, D., Koch, M. A., Feinberg, J., Dafni, V., & The AIDS Clinical Trial Group. (1993). Zidovudine treatment of the AIDS dementia complex: Results of a placebo-controlled trial. AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Annals of Neurology, 33, 343ā349.
Sidtis, J. J., & Price, R. W. (1990). Early HIV-1 infection and the AIDS dementia complex. Neurology, 40, 323ā326.
Silberstein, C. H., McKegney, F. P., OāDowd, M. A., Selwin, P. A., Schoenbaon, E., Drucker, E., Feiner, C., Cox, C. P., & Friedland, C. (1987). A prospective longitudinal study of neuropsychological and psychosocial factors in asymptomatic individuals at risk of HTLV-III/LAV infection in a methadone program: Preliminary findings. International Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 669ā676.
Snider, W., Simpson, D., Nielsen, S., Gold, J., Metroka, C., & Posner, J. (1983). Neurological complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Analysis of 50 patients. Annals of Neurology, 14, 403ā418.
Stern, R. A., Arruda, J. E., Somerville, J. A., Cohen, R. A., Boland, R. J., Stein, M. D., & Martin, E. M. (1998). Neurobehavioral functioning in asymptomatic HIV-1 infected women. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4, 172ā178.
Stern, R. A., Singer, N. G., Silva, S. G., Rogers, J. H., Perkins, D. O., Hall, C. D., van der Hart, C. M., & Evans, D. L. (1992). Neurobehavioral functioning in a nonconfounded group of asymptomatic HIV-seropositive homosexual men. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 1099ā1102.
Stern, Y., Marder, K., Bell, K., Chen, J., Dooneief, G., Goldstein, S., Mindry, D., Richards, M., Sano, M., Williams, J., Gorman, J., Ehrhardt, A., & Mayeux, R. (1991). Mulitdisciplinary baseline assessment of homosexual men with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. III: Neurologic and neuropsychological findings. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 131ā138.
Stern, Y., Sano, M., Morder, K., Mindrey, D., Goldstein, S., Richards, M., & Gorman, J. (1990). Subtle neuropsychological changes in HIV+ gay men. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 12, 48.
Stern, Y., Sano, M., Williams, J., & Gorman, J. (1989). Neuropsychological consequences of HIV infection. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 11, 78.
Tardieu, M. (1991, June). Brain imaging in Pediatric HIV infection. In A. Belman & A. M. Laverda (Chairs), Pediatrie HIV-1 infection: Neurological and neuropsychological aspects. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the Neuroscience of HIV Infection: Basic and Clinical Frontiers, Padova, Italy.
Tardieu, M., Blanche, S., Duliege, A., Rouzioux, C., & Griscelli, C. (1989). Neurologic involvement and prognostic factors after materno-fetal infection. Proceedings of the V International Conference on AIDS, 1, 194 (Abstract).
Tarter, R. E., Edwards, K. L., & van Thiel, D. H. (1988). Perspective and rationale for neuropsychological assessment of medical disease. In R. E. Tarter, D. H. van Thiel, & K. L. Edwards (Eds.), Medical neuropsychology: The impact of disease on behavior (pp. 1ā10). New York: Plenum.
Taylor, E. R., Amodei, N., & Mangos, R. (1996). The presence of psychiatric disorders in HIV-infected women. Journal of Counseling and Development, 74, 345ā351.
Tross, S., Price, R., Navia, B., Thaler, H., Gold, J., & Sidtis, J. (1988). Neuropsychological characterization of the AIDS dementia complex: A preliminary report. AIDS, 2, 81ā88.
Tuckson, R. (1994). Health care perceptions and needs of Americaās poor. In P. A. Pizzo & K. M. Wilfert (Eds.), Pediatric AIDS: The challenge of HTV infection in infants, children, and adolescents (2nd ed., pp. 963ā973). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
Ultmann, M. H., Belman, A. L., Ruff., H. A., Novick, B. E., Cone-Wesson, B., Cohen, J. J., & Rubinstein, A. (1985). Developmental abnormalities in infants and children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 27, 563ā571.
Ultmann, M. H., Diamond, G. W., Ruff, H. A., Belman, A. L., Novick, B. E., Rubinstein, A., & Cohen, H. J. (1987). Developmental abnormalities in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): A follow up study. International Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 661ā667.
van Gorp, W., Hinkin, C., Freeman, D., Satz, P., Weisman, J., Rothman, P., Scarsella, A., & Buckingham, S. (1990). Depressed vs. non-depressed mood and its effect on neuropsychological test performance among HIV-1 seropositive individuals. Paper presented at the conference on neurological and neuropsychological complications on HIV infection: A satellite conference to the VI international AIDS conference, Monterey, CA.
van Gorp, W., Hinkin, C. H., Moore, L. H., Miller, E. N., Marcotte, T. D., Satz, P., & Weisman, J. (1995). Subject ascertainment bias and neuropsychological performance in HIV disease. Neuropsychology, 9, 206ā211.
van Gorp, W. G., Hinkin, C., Satz, P., Miller, E., & DāElia, L. F. (1993). Neuropsychological Findings in HIV infection, encephalopathy, and dementia. In R. W. Parks, R. F. Zec, & R. S. Wilson (Eds.), Neuropsychology of Alzheimerās disease and other dementias (pp. 153ā185). New York: Oxford University Press.
van Gorp, W., Mandelkern, M., Gee, M., Hinkin, C., Stern, C., Paz, D., Dixon, W., Evans, G., Flynn, F., Frederick, C., Ropchan, J., & Bland, W. (1992). Cerebral metabolic dysfunction in AIDS: Findings in an AIDS sample with and without dementia. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 4, 280ā287.
van Gorp, W. G., Miller, E. N., Satz, P., & Visscher, B. (1989). Neuropsychological performance in HIV-1 immuno-compromised patients: A preliminary report. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 11, 763ā773.
Vinters, H. V., Tomiyasu, U., & Anders, K. H. (1989). Neuropathological complications of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Progress in AIDS Pathology, 1, 101ā130.
Whelan, M. A., Kricheff, M., Handler, M., Ho, V., Crystal, K., Gopinathan, G., & Laubenstein, L. (1983). Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Cerebral computed tomographic manifestations. Radiology, 149, 477ā484.
White, D. A., Heaton, R. K., Monsch, N. D., & the HNRC Group. (1995). Neuropsychological studies of asymptomatic immunodeficiency virus-type-1 infected individuals. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 1, 304ā315.
Wiegand, M., Mƶller, A. A., Schreiber, W., Krieg, J. C., & Holsboer, F. (1991). Alterations of nocturnal sleep in patients with HIV infection. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 83, 141ā142.
Wiener, L., & Septimus, A. (1994). Psychosocial support for child and family. In P. A. Pizzo & K. M. Wilfert (Eds.), Pediatrie AIDS: The challenge of HIV infection in infants, children, and adolescents (2nd ed., pp. 809ā829). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
Wiley, C. A., Masliah, E., Morey, M., Lemere, C., DeTerasa, R., Grafe, M., Hanson, L., & Terry, R. (1991). Neocortical damage during HIV infection. Annals of Neurology, 29, 651ā657.
Wilkie, F. L., Eisdorfer, C., Morgan, R., Loewenstein, D. A., & Szapocznik, J. (1990). Cognition in early human immunodeficiency virus infection. Archives of Neurology, 43, 433ā440.
Wofsy, C. (1987). Intravenous drug use and womenās medical issues. Report of the Surgeon Generalās Workshop on Children with HIV infection and their families (pp. 32ā34). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
Wolters, P., Brouwers, P., Moss, H., el-Amin, D., Eddy, J., Butler, K., Husson, R., & Pizzo, P. (1990). The effect of 2ā²3ā² dideoxyinosine (ddl) on the cognitive functioning of infants and children with symptomatic HIV infection. Proceedings of the VI International Conference on AIDS, 3, 130 (Abstract).
Wolters, P., Brouwers, P., Moss, H., el-Amin, D., Gress, J., Butler, L., & Pizzo, P. (1991). The effect of dideoxyinosine on the cognitive functioning of children with HIV infection after 6 and 12 months of treatment. Proceedings from the VII International Conference on AIDS, 2, 194 (Abstract).
Wolters, P., Brouwers, P., Moss, H., & Pizzo, P. (1994). Adaptive behavior of children with symptomatic HIV infection before and after Zidovudine therapy. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 19, 47ā61.
World Health Organization. (1996). Weekly Epidemiological Record, 71, 205ā212.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
Ā© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Llorente, A.M., Lopresti, C.M., Guzzard, C.R., Satz, P., Evans, G. (2000). HIV-1 Infection Spectrum Disease. In: Fletcher-Janzen, E., Strickland, T.L., Reynolds, C.R. (eds) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Neuropsychology. Critical Issues in Neuropsychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4219-3_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4219-3_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6894-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4219-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive