Skip to main content

The Discourse on Trauma in Non-Western Cultural Contexts

Contributions of an Ethnographic Method

  • Chapter
International Handbook of Human Response to Trauma

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Stress and Coping ((SSSO))

Abstract

A counsellor working in a clinic for torture victims in Sri Lanka speaks of cultural collapse, confusion, and trauma. This interpretation is one among the many ways in which people speak about trauma, the many ways in which the word trauma has taken up a meaning in diverse cultural contexts. What is mentioned first is the experience of cultural collapse, of cultural destabilization. This is a common experience for the large number of people living in war-torn societies, refugee camps, or as political refugees in host countries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abu-Lughod, L., & Lutz, C. (1990). Emotion, discourse and the politics of everyday life. In C. Lutz (Ed.), Language and the politics of emotion (pp. 1–23). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, T. (1998). The violence of healing. Sociogus, 47(2), 34–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Appadurai, A. (1990). Disjuncture and difference in the global cultural economy. Theory, Culture and Society, 7, 295–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Argenti, N. (1998). Air youth: Performance, violence and the state in Cameroon. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 4(4), 753–781.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Argenti, N. (1999). Ephemeral monuments, memory, and royal sempiternity in a Grassfields kingdom. In A. Forty and S. Küchler (Eds.), The Art of Forgetting (pp. 21–52). Oxford: Berg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aziz, A. (1996). Van Damme to the rescue. The Sunday Leader (Sri Lanka), July 28, p. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. London, New York: Roudedge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boehnlein, J. K, & Kinzie, J. D. (1992). DSM diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder and cultural sensitivity: A response. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 180(9), 597–599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracken, P. J., Giller, J. E., & Summerfield, D. (1995). Psychological responses to war and atrocity: The limitations of current concepts. Social Science and Medicine, 40(8), 1073–1082.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brow, J. (1988). In pursuit of hegemony: Representations of authority and justice in a Sri Lankan village. American Ethnologist, 15(2), 311–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brow, J. (1990). Nationalist rhetoric and local practice: The fate of the village community in Kukulewa. In J. Spencer (Ed.), Sri Lanka: History and the roots of conflict (pp. 125–144). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantlie, A. (1994). Psychoanalysis and anthropology: Applied or misapplied? The Psychoanalysis Newsletter, 14, 2–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carsten, J. (1995). The politics of forgetting: Migration, kinship and memory on the periphery of the Southeast Asian state. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 1, 317–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casey, E. S. (1987). Remembering: A phenomenological study. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Classen, C. (1993). Worlds of sense. Exploring the senses in history and across cultures. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connerton, P. (1989). How societies remember. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Currer, C, & Stacey, M. (Eds.). (1986). Concepts of health, illness and disease. Leamington: Berg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Das, V. (1995). Critical events: An anthropological perspective on contemporary India. Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Sardan, J. P. O. (1992). Occultism and the ethnographic “I.” The exoticizing of magic from Durkheim to “postmodern” anthropology. Critique of Anthropology, 12(1), 5–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Sardan, J. P. O. (1994). Possession, affliction et folie: Les ruses de la thérapisation. Homme, XXXIV(3), 7–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Desjarlais, R., Eisenberg, L., Good, B., & Kleinman, A. (1995). World mental health: Problems and priorities in low income countries. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devisch, R. (1995). Frenzy, violence, and ethical renewal in Kinshasa. Public Culture, 7(3), 593–629.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devisch, R., & Brodeur, C. (1996). Forces et signes. Regards croisés d’un anthropologue et d’un psychanalyste sur les Yaka. Paris: Éditions des Archives Contemporaines.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenbruch, M. (1992). Toward a culturally sensitive DSM: Cultural bereavement in Cambodian refugees and the traditional healer as taxonomist. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 180(1), 8–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans-Pritchard, E. (1976). Witchcraft, oracles, and magic among the Azande. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1972). The archeology of knowledge and the discourse on language. New York: Tavistock & Harper Colophon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1988). Technologies of the self. In L. H. Martin, H. Gutman, & P. H. Hutton (Eds.), Technologies of the self: A seminar with Michel Foucault (pp. 16–49). London: Tavistock.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, J. (1990). Being in the world: Globalization and localization. Theory, Culture and Society, 7,311–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaines, A. (Ed.). (1992). Ethnopsychiatry. The cultural construction of professional and folk psychiatries. New York: SUNY Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gell, A. (1992). The anthropology of time. Cultural constructions oftemporal maps and images. Oxford/Providence: Berg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girard, R. (1986). The scapegoat. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halbwachs, M. (1950). La mémoire collective. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hannerz, U. (1987). The world in creolization. Africa, 57(4), 546–559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harré, R. (Ed.). (1986). The social construction of emotions. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heelas, P.,& Lock, A. (Eds.). (1981). Indigenous psychologies. Theanthropology of the self. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helman, C. (1990). Culture, health and illness. Bristol: Wright.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinton, W. L., Chen, Y. J., Du, N., Tran, C. G., Lu, F. G., Miranda, J., & Faust, S. (1993). DSM-III-R disorders in Vietnamese refugees. Prevalence and correlates. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 181(2), 113–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howes, D. (1991). To summon all the senses. In D. Howes (Ed.), The varieties of sensory experience. A sourcebook in the anthropology of the senses (pp. 3–21). Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakar, S. (1982). Shamans, mystics and doctors. A psychological inquiry into India and its healing traditions. Delhi: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakar, S. (1985). Psychoanalysis and non- Donald cultures. International Review of Psychoanalysis, 12, 441–447.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapferer, B. (1983). A celebration of demons. Exorcism and the aesthetics of healingin Sri Lanka. Oxford, Washington: Berg, Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapferer, B. (1988). Gramsci’s body and a critical medical anthropology. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 2, 426–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapferer, B. (1997). The feast of the sorcerer: Practices of consciousness and power in Sri Lanka. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, L. C. (1987). A neuropsychological hypothesis explaining posttraumatic stress disorder. Americanfournal of Psychiatry, 144(8), 989–995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroll, J., Habenicht, M., Mackenzie, T., Yang, M., Chan, S., Vang, T., Nguyen, T., Ly, M., Phommasouvanh, B., Nguyen, H., Vang, Y, Souvannasoth, L., & Cabugao, R. (1989). Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder in Southeast Asian refugees. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146(12), 1592–1597.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Küchler, S. (1987). Malangan: Art and memory in a Melanesian society. Man, 22(2), 238–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Last, M. (1991). Spirit possession as therapy. Bori among non-Muslims in Nigeria. In I. M. Lewis, Al-Safi A, & S. Hurreiz (Eds.), Women’s medicine. The Zar-Bori cult in Africa and beyond (pp. 49–63). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Last, M. (1993). Non- Donald concepts of disease. In W. F. Bynum & R. Porter (Eds.), Companion encyclopedia of the history of mediane, Vol. 1 (pp. 634–659). London, New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, P. (in press). Violence, suffering, Amman: The work of oracles in Sri Lanka’s Eastern war zone. In V. Das, A. Kleinman, M. Ramphele, & P. Reynolds (Eds.), Violence, agency and the self. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levi-Strauss, C. (1963). The effectiveness of symbols. In C. Lévi-Strauss (Ed.), Structural anthropology, Vol. 1 (pp. 186–205). London: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, I. M. (1971). Ecstatic religion. A study of shamanism and spirit possession. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, I. M., Al Safi, A., & Hurreiz, S. (1991). Women’s mediane. The Zar-Bori cult in Africa and beyond. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Littlewood, R. (1992). How universal is something we can call “therapy”? In J. Kareem and R. Littlewood (Eds.), Intercultural therapy. Themes, interpretations and practice (pp. 38–56). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, C. (1988). Unnatural emotions. Everyday sentiments on a Micronesian atoll and their challenge to Donald theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, C. (1997). The psychological ethic and the spirit of containment. Public Culture, 9, 135–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyotard, J. F. (1979). The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mbunwe, C. (1997). After ransacking Oku shrines gendarmes go mad, develop swollen testes, tommies. Cameroon Post, April 15, p. 1,4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mollica, R. F., Wyshak, G., & Lavelle, J. (1987). The psychosocial impact of war trauma and torture on Southeast Asian refugees. American fournal of Psychiatry, 144(12), 1567–1572.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordstrom, C. (1992). The backyard front. In C. Nordstrom & J. Martin (Eds.), The paths to domination, resistance, and terror (pp. 260–274). Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obeyesekere, G. (1981). Medusa’s hair. An essay on personal symbols and religious experience. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obeyesekere, G. (1990). The work of culture. Symbolic transformation in psychoanalysis and anthropology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perera, S. (1995). The reality of post-terror societies. Living with torturers and murderers. In S. Perera (Ed.), Living with torturers and other essays of intervention. Sri Lankan society, culture and politics in perspective (pp. 46–55). Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Centre for Ethnic Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, P. (1996). Traditional healers and childhood in Zimbabwe. Athens: Ohio University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, P. (1996). Fighting for the rainforest. War, youth & resources in Sierra Leone. Oxford, Portsmouth: The International African Institute, James Currey, Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowlands, M. (1993). The role of memory in the transmission of culture. World Archeology, 25(2), 141–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schieffelin, E. (1976). The sorrow of the lonely and the burning of the dancers. New York: St. Martins Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shohat, E. (1992). Notes on the “post-colonial.” Social Text, 31, 99–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shweder, R. A. (Ed.). (1988). Culture theory. Essays on mind, self and emotion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, S. D., Gerrity, E. T., & Muff, A. M. (1992). Efficacy of treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder. An empirical review, Journal of the American Medical Association, 268(5), 633–638.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Straker, G. (1994). Integrating African and Donald healing practices in South Africa. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 48(3), 455–467.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Summerfield, D. (1996). The impact of war and atrocity on civilian populations: Basic principles for NGO interventions and a critique of psychosocial trauma projects. Relief and Rehabilitation Network, Overseas Development Institute, London, Network Paper 14, 1–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taussig, M. (1987). Shamanism, colonialism and the wild man. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vitebsky, P. (1993). Dialogues with the dead: The discussion of mortality among the Sora of Eastern India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westermeyer, J., Bouafuely, M., Neider, J., & Callies, A. (1989). Somatization among refugees: An epidemiological study. Psychosomatics, 30(1), 34–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wirz, P. (1954). Exorcism and the art of healing in Ceylon. Leiden: E.J. Brill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamba, C. B. (1997). Cosmologies in turmoil. Witch finding and AIDS in Chiawa, Zambia. Africa, 67(2), 200–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yates, F. (1966). The art of memory. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, A. (1993). Description of how ideology shapes knowledge of a mental disorder (post-traumatic stress disorder). In S. Lindenbaum & M. Lock (Eds.), Knowledge, power, and practice: The anthropology of medicine and everyday life. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, A. (1996). The harmony of illusions. Inventing post-traumatic stress disorder. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Argenti-Pillen, A. (2000). The Discourse on Trauma in Non-Western Cultural Contexts. In: Shalev, A.Y., Yehuda, R., McFarlane, A.C. (eds) International Handbook of Human Response to Trauma. Springer Series on Stress and Coping. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4177-6_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4177-6_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6873-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4177-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics