Abstract
This review summarizes formation mechanisms of coal ash, its chemistry and use pattern in the Finnish industry. Coal is composed of organic and inorganic materials. The properties of coal varies from one region to another as they form under different conditions. During combustion and gasification processes, a portion of non-combustible matter in coal is left in the furnace which is known as fly ash. In Finland, about 600–700 x 103 tons of fly ash is produced annually.
Over one hundred trace metals are associated with coal, a part of them bounded physically or chemically with organic and inorganic compounds. Trace metals and other compounds in coal vary according to the origin. At high temperature (1,400–1,600°C), some of these elements will vaporize and some will remain in particular form. A part of these elements will enter into bottom ash, fly ash and flue gas, depending on their physicochemical forms and partitioning behavior in the combustion and gas cleaning systems.
The by–products from thermal power plants have increased due to the better abatement technology. In recent years, the fly ash is well characterized due to which its consumption is quite high in Finland. Fly ash can be used as a part of raw materials for building industry. It is used for cement, concrete, asphalt, ceramics and plant biomass production. Its use is also documented in road construction and land development. Furthermore, the demand for fly ash and residues from coal combustion and gasification is increasing round the world.
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Mukherjee, A.B., Kikuchi, R. (1999). Coal Ash from Thermal Power Plants in Finland. In: Sajwan, K.S., Alva, A.K., Keefer, R.F. (eds) Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements in Coal and Coal Combustion Byproducts. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4155-4_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4155-4_4
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