Abstract
Io (Figure 7.1) is the innermost of the four large Galilean satellites of Jupiter discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610. Io’s mean radius (1821 km) and bulk density (3.53 g cm−3) are comparable to those of the Moon. However, long before the Voyager spacecraft encounters, it was apparent from Earth-based observations that Io is very different from the Moon: It has an unusual spectral reflectance and anomalous thermal properties, and it is surrounded by immense clouds of ions and neutral atoms. Following discovery of a thermal anomaly (Witteborn et al., 1979) and the prediction of intense tidal heating (Peale et al., 1979), the Voyager spacecraft revealed a world covered by volcanoes, many of them active (Smith et al., 1979a).
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McEwen, A.S., Lopes-Gautier, R., Keszthelyi, L., Kieffer, S.W. (2000). Extreme Volcanism on Jupiter’s Moon Io. In: Zimbelman, J.R., Gregg, T.K.P. (eds) Environmental Effects on Volcanic Eruptions. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4151-6_7
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