Abstract
The perception of sound involves a complex array of attributes and processes, ranging from the sensation of timber, pitch, and other spectral estimates (primarily monaural tasks), to the localization and fusion of sound sources, and the cocktail-party-effect (primarily bin- aural tasks). Computational strategies proposed to describe these phenomena have mostly emphasised temporal, rather than spatial, features in the representation of sound in the auditory system. This has led to considerably divergent views of the processing (and possible underlying biological networks) in auditory versus other sensory systems, such as the visual system. Recent experimental findings from the peripheral and central auditory system, however, reveal intricate spatiotemporal neural response patterns and a multitude of spatial cues that can encode the acoustic stimulus. These results suggest a unified computational framework, and hence shared neural network architectures, for central auditory and visual processing
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
H. K. Hartline, Studies on Excitation and Enhibition in the Retina, Rockefeller University Press, New York, 1974.
I. Darian-Smith, A. Goodwin, M. Sugitani & J. Heywood, “The tangible features of textured surfaces: Their representation in the monkey’s somatosensory cortex,” inDynamic aspects of neocortical function, G. Edelman, W. Gall & W. Cowan, eds., A Neurosciences Institute Publication, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1984, 475–500.
B. Julesz, “Toward an axiomatic theory of preattentive vision,” in Dynamic aspects of neocortical function, G. Edelman, W. Gall & W. Cowan, eds., A Neurosciences Institute Publication, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1984.
G. Poggio, “Processing of stereoscopic information in primate visual cortex,” in Dynamic aspects of neocortical function, G. Edelman, W. Gall & W. Cowan, eds., A Neurosciences Institute Publication, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1984, 613–636.
H. L. Helmholtz, “Uber den muskelton,” VerhandL Natuhist. Medicin. Vereins. Heidelberg 4 (1868), 88–90.
W. D. Keidel & W. D. Neff, “Handbook of Sensory Physiology,” Berlin, 1975.
M. B. Sachs & E. D. Young, “Encoding of steady state vowels in the auditory-nerve: representation in terms of discharge rate,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66 (1979), 470–479.
J. O. Pickles, “The neurophysiological basis of frequency selectivity,” in Frequency Selectivity in Hearing, B. C. J. Moore, ed., Acadamic Press, London, 1986, 51–122.
E. D. Young & M. B. Sachs, “Representation of steady state vowels in the temporal aspects of the discharge patterns of populations of auditory-nerve fibers,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66 (1979), 1381–1403.
M. I. Miller & M. B. Sachs, “Representation of stop consonants in the discharge patterns of auditory-nerve fibers.,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 74 (1983), 502–517.
D. G. Sinex & C. D. Geisler, “Responses of auditory-nerve fibers to consonent-vowel syllables,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73 (1983), 602–615.
S. Seneff, “Pitch and spectral estimation of speech based on auditory synchrony model,” MIT, Working Papers on Linguistics, 1984.
B. Delgutte, “Speech coding in the auditory nerve: II. Processing schemes for vowel-like sounds,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 75 (1984), 879–886.
S. A. Shamma, R. Chadwick, J. Wilbur, J. Rinzel & K. Moorish, “A biophysical model of cochlear processing: intensity dependence of pure tone responses,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 80 (1986), 133–145.
M. H. Holmes & J. D. Cole, “Cochlear mechanics: analysis for a pure tone,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76 (1984), 767–778.
S. A. Shamma, “The acoustic features of speech phonemes in a model of auditory processing: Vowels and unvoiced fricatives,” J. Phonetics 16 (1988), 77–91.
S. A. Shamma, “Speech processing in the auditory system. I: Representation of speech sounds in the responses of the auditory-nerve,”J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78 (1985), 1612–1621.
S. A. Shamma, “Speech processing in the auditory system. II: Lateral inhibition and the processing of speech evoked activity in the auditory-nerve, ” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78 (1985), 1622–1632.
S. A. Shamma, “Encoding the acoustic spectrum in the spatio-temporal responses of the auditory-nerve,” in Auditory Frequency Selectivity, B. C. J. Moore & R. Patterson, eds., Plenum Press, Cambridge, 1986, 289–298.
David Marr, Vision, Freeman and Company, New York, 1982.
N. Durlach & S. Colburn, “Binaural phenomena,” in Handbook of Perception, E. C. Carterette & M. P. Friedman, eds. #IV, 1978, 365–466.
S. Colburn & N. I. Durlach, “Models of binaural interactions,” in Handbook of Perception, E. C. Carterette & M. P. Friedman, eds. #IV, 1978.
L. Jeffress, “A place theory of sound localization,” J. Comp. Physiol. Psych.61 (1948), 468–486.
S. Shamma, N. Shen & P. Gapalaswamy, “Stereausis: Binaural processing without neural delays,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86(3)(1989), 989–1006.
D. Marr & T. Poggio, “ A computational theory of human stereo vision,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 204 (1979), 301–328.
I. Whitfield & E. Evans, “Responses of auditory cortical neuron to stimuli of changing frequency,” J. Neurophysiol. 28 (1965), 655–672.
C. Schreiner & J. Urbas, “Representation of amplitude modulation in the auditory cortex of the cat. II. Comparison between fields. ” Hearing Res. 32 (1988), 49–64.
P. Winter & H. Funkenstein, “The effect of species-specific vocalization on discharge of auditory cortical cells in the awake squirrel monkey.,” E xp. Brain Res. 18 (1973), 489–504.
I. Whitfield, “Auditory cortex and the pitch of complex tones,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67 (1980), 644–647.
W. Neff, W. Diamond & J. Casseday, “Behavioral studies of auditory discrimination: Central nervous system.,” in Handbook of Sensory Physiology, W. Keidel & W. Neff, eds. #2 Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1975, 307–400..
M. Merzenich, P. Knight & G. Roth, “Representation of cochlea within primary auditory cortex in the cat,” J. Neurophysiol. 28 (1975), 231–249.
R. Reale & T. Imig, “Tonotopic organization of auditory cortex in the cat. ” J. Comp. Neurol. 192 (1980), 265–291.
T. Imig & H. Adrian, “Binaural columns in the primary field (AI) of cat auditory cortex,” Brain Res. 138 (1977), 241–257.
J. Middlebrooks, P. Dykes & M. Merzenich, “Binaural response-specific bands in primary auditory cortex (AI) of the cat: Topographical organization orthogonal to isofrequency contours,” Brain Res. 181 (1980), 31–48.
D. Hubel & T. Wiesel, “Receptive Fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat’s visual cortex,” J. Physiol. (London) 160 (1962), 106–154.
J. Wenstrup, L. Ross & G. Pollak, “Binaural response organization within a frequency band representation of the inferior colliculus: implications for sound localization,” J. Neu-roscience 6 (1986), 962–973.
J. Mendelson, C. Schreiner, K. Grasse & M. Sutter, “Spatial distribution of responses to FM sweeps in cat primary auditory cortex,” Proc. 11th A.R.O. meeting (1988).
C. Schreiner, J. Mendelson 1279 K. Grasse & M. Sutter, “Spatial distribution of basic response properties in cat primary auditory cortex,” Proc. 11th A.R.O. meeting (1988).
S. Shamma, J. Fleshman & P. Wiser, “Receptive Field Organization in Primary Auditory Cortex: Spectral Orientation Columns.” Systems Research Center Tech. Report (TR 90–46) (1990).
S. Zeki & S. Shipp, “The functional logic of cortical connections,” Nature 335 (1988), 311–317.
D. Klatt, “Prediction of perceived phonetic distance from critical-band spectra: A first step,” Proc. ICASSP 82 (1982), 1278.
P. Assmann & Q. Summerfield, “Modelling the perception of concurrent vowels: Vowels with the same fundamental frequency,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85 (1988), 327.
D. O’Leary, “Do cortical areas emerge from a protocortex?,” Trends in Neuroscience 12 (1989), 400–406.
M. Sur, P. Garraghty & A. Roe, “Experimentally induced visual projections into auditory thalamus and cortex,” Science 242 (1988), 1437–1441.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shamma, S.A. (1992). Hearing As Seeing Space and Time in Auditory Processing. In: Eeckman, F.H. (eds) Analysis and Modeling of Neural Systems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4010-6_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4010-6_26
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6793-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4010-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive