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Warts, Carcinoma and Langerhans Cells

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Skin Langerhans (Dendritic) Cells in Virus Infections and AIDS

Part of the book series: Developments in Medical Virology ((DIMV,volume 7))

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Abstract

Langerhans cells (LC) are dendritic cells present in all squamous epithelia; they are required for antigen presentation and for stimulation of antigen-specific T lymphocyte activation. These cells could play a major role in the local host immune response to human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and in the surveillance against malignant conversion.

The distribution and markers of LC and mononucleated cells of the infiltrate were studied with indirect immunofluorescence method, in a series of benign and malignant papillomas excised from various skin and mucosa sites. They were correlated with the presence of virus group-specific antigen detected by indirect immunofluorescence and typing of viral DNA by DNA-DNA hybridization.

Most of the lesions were characterized by the presence of a mild or a moderate infiltrate of CD4, CD8 and HLA-DR positive cells. The number of LC was reduced in the epithelium of all specimens as compared to the normal epithelia. There was no correlation between the LC density and infecting HPV type. Morphology of LC was also altered with a loss of dendrites.

Epidermal lesions showed a mild inflammatory infiltrate without predominance of either CD4 or CD8-positive cell subsets. On the contrary, mucosal lesions (laryngeal papillomas and CIN) contained a dense infiltrate, with predominance of CD8-positive cells in the epithelium and presence of LC at the junction of epithelium and connective tissue. In some of these lesions HLA-DR antigen was expressed by epithelial cells.

In conclusion, the reduced LC density in HPV-induced lesions is not related to the infecting virus type; it is directly related to the amount of viral infected cells. The exact mechanism of this modification remains unknown; it may be that virus-induced changes in the epithelial microenvironment influence the LC population thereby causing a decrease in the immunological surveillance. Local host tolerance may be induced and thus favor the persistence of the lesions and their conversion towards the malignant state. In this conversion, although LC depletion may be a favoring factor, the association of potentially oncogenic HPV types with other factors remains essential.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INSERM U 209, CNRS UA 601, Pavillon R, Hopital E. Herriot, 69437, Lyon Cedex 03, France

    Y. Chardonnet

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  1. Y. Chardonnet
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  2. J. Viac
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel

    Yechiel Becker

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© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Chardonnet, Y., Viac, J. (1991). Warts, Carcinoma and Langerhans Cells. In: Becker, Y. (eds) Skin Langerhans (Dendritic) Cells in Virus Infections and AIDS. Developments in Medical Virology, vol 7. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3942-1_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3942-1_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6759-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3942-1

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